2. Debian Handbook
3. 05_packaging-system
4. Chinese (Simplified Han script)

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>fakeroot alien --to-deb phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-2.fc39.src.rpm</userinput>
<computeroutput>[..]
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package phpMyAdmin: postinst
Warning: Use the --scripts parameter to include the scripts.
[..]
phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb generated
$ </computeroutput><userinput>ls -sh phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput> 7.2M phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./
-rw-r--r-- root/root 7461668 2023-02-08 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 833 2023-02-08 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz.asc
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1077 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-bundled.php
-rw-r--r-- root/root 637 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-certs.patch
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1181 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.htaccess
-rw-r--r-- root/root 430 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root 38997 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.spec
-rw-r--r-- root/root 34198 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpmyadmin.keyring
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 214 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1303 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/copyright
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 7500852 bytes: control archive=1092 bytes.
583 bytes, 15 lines control
618 bytes, 10 lines md5sums
446 bytes, 11 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
Package: phpmyadmin
Version: 5.2.1-3
Architecture: all
Maintainer: debian <debian@debian>
Installed-Size: 7377
Section: alien
Priority: extra
Description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of
MySQL over the Web. Currently it can create and drop databases,
create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement,
manage keys on fields, manage privileges,export data into various formats and
is available in 50 languages
.
(Converted from a rpm package by alien version 8.95.6.)]]></computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>fakeroot alien --to-deb phpMyAdmin-5.1.1-2.fc35.noarch.rpm</userinput>
<computeroutput>[..]
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package phpMyAdmin: postinst
Warning: Use the --scripts parameter to include the scripts.
[..]
phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb generated
$ </computeroutput><userinput>ls -sh phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput> 6,0M phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/httpd/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/httpd/conf.d/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1181 2021-07-27 09:32 ./etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/nginx/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/nginx/default.d/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 430 2021-07-27 09:32 ./etc/nginx/default.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
drwxr-x--- root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/phpMyAdmin/
-rw-r----- root/root 4546 2021-07-27 09:34 ./etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr/share/doc/phpMyAdmin/
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 6195324 bytes: control archive=44444 bytes.
102 bytes, 3 lines conffiles
593 bytes, 15 lines control
180405 bytes, 1919 lines md5sums
448 bytes, 11 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
Package: phpmyadmin
Version: 5.1.1-3
Architecture: all
Maintainer: Daniel Leidert <dleidert@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 40693
Section: alien
Priority: extra
Description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of
MySQL over the Web. Currently it can create and drop databases,
create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement,
manage keys on fields, manage privileges,export data into various formats and
is available in 50 languages
.
(Converted from a rpm package by alien version 8.95.4.)]]></computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>fakeroot alien --to-deb phpMyAdmin-5.12.1-2.fc35.noa9.srch.rpm</userinput>
<computeroutput>[..]
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package phpMyAdmin: postinst
Warning: Use the --scripts parameter to include the scripts.
[..]
phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb generated
$ </computeroutput><userinput>ls -sh phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput> 6,07.2M phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./
drwxr-xr-x4-05-21 20:49 ./
-rw-r--r-- root/root 7461668 2023-02-08 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2833 2023-021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/
drwxr-xr-x 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz.asc
-rw-r--r-- root/root 01077 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/httpd/
drwxr-xr-x3-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-bundled.php
-rw-r--r-- root/root 0637 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/httpd/conf.d/3-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-certs.patch
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1181 20213-07-27 09:32 ./etc/httpd/conf.d0 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.conf
drwxr-xr-xhtaccess
-rw-r--r-- root/root 430 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/3-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.nginx/
drwxr-xr-x -rw-r--r-- root/root 038997 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/nginx/default.d/3-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.spec
-rw-r--r-- root/root 43034198 20213-07-27 09:32 ./etc/nginx/default.d/phpMyAdmin.conf0 20:00 ./phpmyadmin.keyring
drwxr-x---r-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/phpMyAdmin/
-rw-r-----4-05-21 20:49 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 4546 0 2021-07-27 09:34 ./etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php4-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr4-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/
doc/phpmyadmin/
-rwxr-xr-x-r--r-- root/root 0214 2021-08-09 02:024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-xphpmyadmin/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 01303 2021-08-09 02:024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpMyAmyadmin/copyright
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 61953247500852 bytes: control archive=44444 bytes.
1092 bytes, 3 lines conffiles.
5983 bytes, 15 lines control
180405 618 bytes, 1919 10 lines md5sums
4486 bytes, 11 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
Package: phpmyadmin
Version: 5.12.1-3
Architecture: all
Maintainer: Daniel Leidert <dleidertdebian <debian@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 406937377
Section: alien
Priority: extra
Description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of
MySQL over the Web. Currently it can create and drop databases,
create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement,
manage keys on fields, manage privileges,export data into various formats and
is available in 50 languages
.
(Converted from a rpm package by alien version 8.95.46.)]]></computeroutput>

If you regularly use the <command>alien</command> program to install RPM packages coming from one of your providers, do not hesitate to write to them and amicably express your strong preference for the <filename>.deb</filename> format. Note that the format of the package is not everything: a <filename>.deb</filename> package built with <command>alien</command> or prepared for a version of Debian different than that which you use, or even for a derivative distribution like Ubuntu, would probably not offer the same level of quality and integration as a package specifically developed for Debian <emphasis role="distribution">Bookworm</emphasis>.

如果您经常使用 <command>alien</command> 程序安装来自您的供应商的 RPM 软件包，请不要犹豫，写信给他们，友好地表达您对 <filename>.deb</filename> 格式的强烈偏好。请注意，软件包的格式并不代表一切：如果<filename>.deb</filename>软件包来自<command>alien</command>构建，或适用于不同于您所使用的 Debian 版本（甚至 Ubuntu 这样的衍生发行版），其质量和集成度可能无法与专为 Debian <emphasis role="distribution">Bullseye</emphasis>开发的软件包相提并论。

If you regularly use the <command>alien</command> program to install RPM packages coming from one of your providers, do not hesitate to write to them and amicably express your strong preference for the <filename>.deb</filename> format. Note that the format of the package is not everything: a <filename>.deb</filename> package built with <command>alien</command> or prepared for a version of Debian different than that which you use, or even for a derivative distribution like Ubuntu, would probably not offer the same level of quality and integration as a package specifically developed for Debian <emphasis role="distribution">Bullseyeookworm</emphasis>.

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-12-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-12-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-12-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-12-base:arm64 | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc-s1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-12-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-12-base:amd64, gcc-12-base:arm64: /usr/share/doc/gcc-12-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-9-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-9-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-9-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-9-base:amd64 gcc-9-base:armhf | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc-s1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-9-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-9-base:amd64, gcc-9-base:armhf: /usr/share/doc/gcc-9-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-912-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-912-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-912-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-912-base:amd64 gcc-9-base:armhfrm64 | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc-s1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-912-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-912-base:amd64, gcc-912-base:armhf64: /usr/share/doc/gcc-912-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-architecture</userinput>
<computeroutput>amd64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot access archive 'gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb': No such file or directory
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>arm64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>Selecting previously unselected package gcc-12-base:arm64.
(Reading database ... 166273 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-12-base:arm64 (12.2.0-14) ...
Setting up gcc-12-base:arm64 (12.2.0-14) ...
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot remove architecture 'arm64' currently in use by the database
[..]
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput>

<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-architecture</userinput>
<computeroutput>amd64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error processing archive gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb (--install):
package architecture (armhf) does not match system (amd64)
Errors were encountered while processing:
gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armhf</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armel</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf
armel
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>(Reading database ... 456367 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-9-base:armhf (9.3.0-22) ...
Setting up gcc-9-base:armhf (9.3.0-22) ...
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armhf</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot remove architecture 'armhf' currently in use by the database
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armel</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf</computeroutput>

<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-architecture</userinput>
<computeroutput>amd64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-912-base_9.3.0-2212.2.0-14_armhf64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error pro: cannot accessing archive 'gcc-912-base_9.3.0-2212.2.0-14_armhf64.deb (--install):
package architecture (armhf) does not match system (amd64)
Errors were encountered while processing:
gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb': No such file or directory
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armhf64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armel64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf
armel64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-912-base_9.3.0-2212.2.0-14_armhf64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>Selecting previously unselected package gcc-12-base:arm64.
(Reading database ... 456367166273 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack gcc-912-base_9.3.0-2212.2.0-14_armhf64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-912-base:armhf (9.3.0-2264 (12.2.0-14) ...
Setting up gcc-912-base:armhf (9.3.0-2264 (12.2.0-14) ...
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armhf64</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot remove architecture 'armhf64' currently in use by the database
[..]
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armel64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf# </computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L base-passwd</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[/.
/usr
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/update-passwd
/usr/share
/usr/share/base-passwd
/usr/share/base-passwd/group.master
/usr/share/base-passwd/passwd.master
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/README
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/copyright
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.txt.gz
/usr/share/doc-base
/usr/share/doc-base/base-passwd.users-and-groups
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/base-passwd
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/de
/usr/share/man/de/man8
/usr/share/man/de/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/es
/usr/share/man/es/man8
/usr/share/man/es/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/fr
/usr/share/man/fr/man8
/usr/share/man/fr/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/ja
/usr/share/man/ja/man8
/usr/share/man/ja/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/pl
/usr/share/man/pl/man8
/usr/share/man/pl/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/ru
/usr/share/man/ru/man8
/usr/share/man/ru/man8/update-passwd.8.gz]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /bin/date</userinput>
<computeroutput>coreutils: /bin/date
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s coreutils</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[Package: coreutils
Essential: yes
Status: install ok installed
Priority: required
Section: utils
Installed-Size: 18062
Maintainer: Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Multi-Arch: foreign
Version: 9.1-1
Pre-Depends: libacl1 (>= 2.2.23), libattr1 (>= 1:2.4.44), libc6 (>= 2.34), libgmp10 (>= 2:6.2.1+dfsg1), libselinux1 (>= 3.1~)
Description: GNU core utilities
This package contains the basic file, shell and text manipulation
utilities which are expected to exist on every operating system.
.
Specifically, this package includes:
arch base64 basename cat chcon chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp
csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr
factor false flock fmt fold groups head hostid id install join link ln
logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup nproc numfmt
od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink realpath rm
rmdir runcon sha*sum seq shred sleep sort split stat stty sum sync tac
tail tee test timeout touch tr true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand
uniq unlink users vdir wc who whoami yes
Homepage: http://gnu.org/software/coreutils]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -l 'b*'</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==========================-==============-============-===================
un backuppc <none> <none> (no description available)
un balsa <none> <none> (no description available)
ii baobab 43.0-1 amd64 GNOME disk usage analyzer
un base <none> <none> (no description available)
un base-config <none> <none> (no description available)
ii base-files 12.4+deb12u5 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous files
ii base-passwd 3.6.1 amd64 Debian base system master password and group files
ii bash 5.2.15-2+b2 amd64 GNU Bourne Again SHell
ii bash-completion 1:2.11-6 all programmable completion for the bash shell
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_5.2.15-2+b2_amd64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1265648 2023-04-23 17:23 ./bin/bash
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1994 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/bash.bashrc
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/skel/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 220 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/skel/.bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- root/root 3526 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/skel/.bashrc
-rw-r--r-- root/root 807 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/skel/.profile
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 6865 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/bin/bashbug
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 14488 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/bin/clear_console
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/debianutils/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/debianutils/shells.d/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 21 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/debianutils/shells.d/bash
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/doc/
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_5.2.15-2+b2_amd64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 1490660 bytes: control archive=2972 bytes.
77 bytes, 4 lines conffiles
1039 bytes, 27 lines control
4581 bytes, 65 lines md5sums
486 bytes, 24 lines * postinst #!/bin/bash
209 bytes, 5 lines * postrm #!/bin/sh
289 bytes, 22 lines * prerm #!/bin/bash
Package: bash
Source: bash (5.2.15-2)
Version: 5.2.15-2+b2
Architecture: amd64
Essential: yes
Maintainer: Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 7164
Pre-Depends: libc6 (>= 2.36), libtinfo6 (>= 6)
Depends: base-files (>= 2.1.12), debianutils (>= 5.6-0.1)
Recommends: bash-completion (>= 20060301-0)
Suggests: bash-doc
Conflicts: bash-completion (<< 20060301-0)
Replaces: bash-completion (<< 20060301-0), bash-doc (<= 2.05-1)
Section: shells
Priority: required
Multi-Arch: foreign
Homepage: http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html
Description: GNU Bourne Again SHell
Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes
commands read from the standard input or from a file. Bash also
incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).
.
Bash is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the
IEEE POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2).
.
The Programmable Completion Code, by Ian Macdonald, is now found in
the bash-completion package.]]>
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L base-passwd</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[/.
/usr
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/update-passwd
/usr/share
/usr/share/base-passwd
/usr/share/base-passwd/group.master
/usr/share/base-passwd/passwd.master
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/README
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/copyright
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.txt.gz
/usr/share/doc-base
/usr/share/doc-base/users-and-groups
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/base-passwd
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/de
/usr/share/man/de/man8
/usr/share/man/de/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/es
/usr/share/man/es/man8
/usr/share/man/es/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/fr
/usr/share/man/fr/man8
/usr/share/man/fr/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/ja
/usr/share/man/ja/man8
/usr/share/man/ja/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/pl
/usr/share/man/pl/man8
/usr/share/man/pl/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/ru
/usr/share/man/ru/man8
/usr/share/man/ru/man8/update-passwd.8.gz]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /bin/date</userinput>
<computeroutput>coreutils: /bin/date
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s coreutils</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[Package: coreutils
Essential: yes
Status: install ok installed
Priority: required
Section: utils
Installed-Size: 17478
Maintainer: Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Multi-Arch: foreign
Source: coreutils (8.32-4)
Version: 8.32-4+b1
Pre-Depends: libacl1 (>= 2.2.23), libattr1 (>= 1:2.4.44), libc6 (>= 2.28), libgmp10, libselinux1 (>= 3.1~)
Description: GNU core utilities
This package contains the basic file, shell and text manipulation
utilities which are expected to exist on every operating system.
.
Specifically, this package includes:
arch base64 basename cat chcon chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp
csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr
factor false flock fmt fold groups head hostid id install join link ln
logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup nproc numfmt
od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink realpath rm
rmdir runcon sha*sum seq shred sleep sort split stat stty sum sync tac
tail tee test timeout touch tr true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand
uniq unlink users vdir wc who whoami yes
Homepage: http://gnu.org/software/coreutils]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -l 'b*'</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==========================-==============-============-==================================
un backupninja <none> <none> (no description available)
un backuppc <none> <none> (no description available)
ii baloo-kf5 5.78.0-3 amd64 framework for searching and manag>
un balsa <none> <none> (no description available)
ii baobab 3.38.0-1 amd64 GNOME disk usage analyzer
un base <none> <none> (no description available)
un base-config <none> <none> (no description available)
ii base-files 11.1 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous >
ii base-passwd 3.5.51 amd64 Debian base system master passwor>
ii bash 5.1-2+b1 amd64 GNU Bourne Again SHell
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_5.1-3+b1_amd64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-07-25 20:43 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-07-25 20:43 ./bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1234376 2021-07-25 20:43 ./bin/bash
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-07-25 20:43 ./etc/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1994 2021-07-25 20:43 ./etc/bash.bashrc
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-07-25 20:43 ./etc/skel/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 220 2021-07-25 20:43 ./etc/skel/.bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- root/root 3526 2021-07-25 20:43 ./etc/skel/.bashrc
-rw-r--r-- root/root 807 2021-07-25 20:43 ./etc/skel/.profile
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-07-25 20:43 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-07-25 20:43 ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 6759 2021-07-25 20:43 ./usr/bin/bashbug
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 14648 2021-07-25 20:43 ./usr/bin/clear_console
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-07-25 20:43 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-07-25 20:43 ./usr/share/doc/
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_5.1-3+b1_amd64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 1416600 bytes: control archive=7256 bytes.
77 bytes, 4 lines conffiles
1030 bytes, 27 lines control
4511 bytes, 64 lines md5sums
603 bytes, 31 lines * postinst #!/bin/bash
500 bytes, 25 lines * postrm #!/bin/sh
14536 bytes, 33 lines * preinst
289 bytes, 22 lines * prerm #!/bin/bash
Package: bash
Source: bash (5.1-3)
Version: 5.1-3+b1
Architecture: amd64
Essential: yes
Maintainer: Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 6470
Pre-Depends: libc6 (>= 2.25), libtinfo6 (>= 6)
Depends: base-files (>= 2.1.12), debianutils (>= 2.15)
Recommends: bash-completion (>= 20060301-0)
Suggests: bash-doc
Conflicts: bash-completion (<< 20060301-0)
Replaces: bash-completion (<< 20060301-0), bash-doc (<= 2.05-1)
Section: shells
Priority: required
Multi-Arch: foreign
Homepage: http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html
Description: GNU Bourne Again SHell
Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes
commands read from the standard input or from a file. Bash also
incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).
.
Bash is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the
IEEE POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2).
.
The Programmable Completion Code, by Ian Macdonald, is now found in
the bash-completion package.]]>
</computeroutput>