2. Debian Handbook
3. 05_packaging-system
4. Indonesian

<primary><command>dpkg</command></primary>

<primary><command>file ekstensi dpkg</command></primary>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>fakeroot alien --to-deb phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-2.fc39.src.rpm</userinput>
<computeroutput>[..]
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package phpMyAdmin: postinst
Warning: Use the --scripts parameter to include the scripts.
[..]
phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb generated
$ </computeroutput><userinput>ls -sh phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput> 7.2M phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./
-rw-r--r-- root/root 7461668 2023-02-08 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 833 2023-02-08 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz.asc
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1077 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-bundled.php
-rw-r--r-- root/root 637 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-certs.patch
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1181 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.htaccess
-rw-r--r-- root/root 430 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root 38997 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.spec
-rw-r--r-- root/root 34198 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpmyadmin.keyring
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 214 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1303 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/copyright
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 7500852 bytes: control archive=1092 bytes.
583 bytes, 15 lines control
618 bytes, 10 lines md5sums
446 bytes, 11 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
Package: phpmyadmin
Version: 5.2.1-3
Architecture: all
Maintainer: debian <debian@debian>
Installed-Size: 7377
Section: alien
Priority: extra
Description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of
MySQL over the Web. Currently it can create and drop databases,
create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement,
manage keys on fields, manage privileges,export data into various formats and
is available in 50 languages
.
(Converted from a rpm package by alien version 8.95.6.)]]></computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>fakeroot alien --to-deb phpMyAdmin-5.1.1-2.fc35.noarch.rpm</userinput>
<computeroutput>[..]
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package phpMyAdmin: postinst
Warning: Use the --scripts parameter to include the scripts.
[..]
phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb generated
$ </computeroutput><userinput>ls -sh phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput> 6,0M phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/httpd/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/httpd/conf.d/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1181 2021-07-27 09:32 ./etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/nginx/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/nginx/default.d/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 430 2021-07-27 09:32 ./etc/nginx/default.d/phpMyAdmin.conf
drwxr-x--- root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/phpMyAdmin/
-rw-r----- root/root 4546 2021-07-27 09:34 ./etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr/share/doc/phpMyAdmin/
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I phpmyadmin_5.1.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 6195324 bytes: control archive=44444 bytes.
102 bytes, 3 lines conffiles
593 bytes, 15 lines control
180405 bytes, 1919 lines md5sums
448 bytes, 11 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
Package: phpmyadmin
Version: 5.1.1-3
Architecture: all
Maintainer: Daniel Leidert <dleidert@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 40693
Section: alien
Priority: extra
Description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of
MySQL over the Web. Currently it can create and drop databases,
create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement,
manage keys on fields, manage privileges,export data into various formats and
is available in 50 languages
.
(Converted from a rpm package by alien version 8.95.4.)]]></computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>fakeroot alien --to-deb phpMyAdmin-5.12.1-2.fc35.noa9.srch.rpm</userinput>
<computeroutput>[..]
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package phpMyAdmin: postinst
Warning: Use the --scripts parameter to include the scripts.
[..]
phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb generated
$ </computeroutput><userinput>ls -sh phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput> 6,07.2M phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./
drwxr-xr-x4-05-21 20:49 ./
-rw-r--r-- root/root 7461668 2023-02-08 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2833 2023-021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/
drwxr-xr-x 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz.asc
-rw-r--r-- root/root 01077 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/httpd/
drwxr-xr-x3-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-bundled.php
-rw-r--r-- root/root 0637 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/httpd/conf.d/3-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-certs.patch
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1181 20213-07-27 09:32 ./etc/httpd/conf.d0 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.conf
drwxr-xr-xhtaccess
-rw-r--r-- root/root 430 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/3-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.nginx/
drwxr-xr-x -rw-r--r-- root/root 038997 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/nginx/default.d/3-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.spec
-rw-r--r-- root/root 43034198 20213-07-27 09:32 ./etc/nginx/default.d/phpMyAdmin.conf0 20:00 ./phpmyadmin.keyring
drwxr-x---r-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./etc/phpMyAdmin/
-rw-r-----4-05-21 20:49 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 4546 0 2021-07-27 09:34 ./etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php4-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:02 ./usr4-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2021-08-09 02:024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/
doc/phpmyadmin/
-rwxr-xr-x-r--r-- root/root 0214 2021-08-09 02:024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-xphpmyadmin/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 01303 2021-08-09 02:024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpMyAmyadmin/copyright
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I phpmyadmin_5.12.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 61953247500852 bytes: control archive=44444 bytes.
1092 bytes, 3 lines conffiles.
5983 bytes, 15 lines control
180405 618 bytes, 1919 10 lines md5sums
4486 bytes, 11 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
Package: phpmyadmin
Version: 5.12.1-3
Architecture: all
Maintainer: Daniel Leidert <dleidertdebian <debian@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 406937377
Section: alien
Priority: extra
Description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of
MySQL over the Web. Currently it can create and drop databases,
create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement,
manage keys on fields, manage privileges,export data into various formats and
is available in 50 languages
.
(Converted from a rpm package by alien version 8.95.46.)]]></computeroutput>

If you regularly use the <command>alien</command> program to install RPM packages coming from one of your providers, do not hesitate to write to them and amicably express your strong preference for the <filename>.deb</filename> format. Note that the format of the package is not everything: a <filename>.deb</filename> package built with <command>alien</command> or prepared for a version of Debian different than that which you use, or even for a derivative distribution like Ubuntu, would probably not offer the same level of quality and integration as a package specifically developed for Debian <emphasis role="distribution">Bookworm</emphasis>.

Jika Anda sering menggunakan program <command>alien</command> untuk memasang paket RPM dari salah satu penyedia Anda, jangan ragu untuk menulis ke mereka dan mengekspresikan preferensi Anda secara damai untuk format <filename>.deb</filename>. Catat bahwa format paket bukanlah segalanya: sebuah paket <filename>.deb</filename> yang dibangun dengan <command>alien</command> atau yang dipersiapkan untuk versi Debian yang berbeda dengan yang Anda gunakan, atau bahkan untuk distribusi turunan seperti Ubuntu, mungkin tidak menawarkan level kualitas dan integrasi sebagai paket yang dikembangkan secara spesifik untuk Debian <emphasis role="distribution">Bullseye</emphasis>.

If you regularly use the <command>alien</command> program to install RPM packages coming from one of your providers, do not hesitate to write to them and amicably express your strong preference for the <filename>.deb</filename> format. Note that the format of the package is not everything: a <filename>.deb</filename> package built with <command>alien</command> or prepared for a version of Debian different than that which you use, or even for a derivative distribution like Ubuntu, would probably not offer the same level of quality and integration as a package specifically developed for Debian <emphasis role="distribution">Bullseyeookworm</emphasis>.

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-12-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-12-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-12-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-12-base:arm64 | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc-s1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-12-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-12-base:amd64, gcc-12-base:arm64: /usr/share/doc/gcc-12-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-9-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-9-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-9-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-9-base:amd64 gcc-9-base:armhf | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc-s1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-9-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-9-base:amd64, gcc-9-base:armhf: /usr/share/doc/gcc-9-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-912-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-912-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-912-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-912-base:amd64 gcc-9-base:armhfrm64 | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc-s1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-912-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-912-base:amd64, gcc-912-base:armhf64: /usr/share/doc/gcc-912-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-architecture</userinput>
<computeroutput>amd64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot access archive 'gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb': No such file or directory
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>arm64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>Selecting previously unselected package gcc-12-base:arm64.
(Reading database ... 166273 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-12-base:arm64 (12.2.0-14) ...
Setting up gcc-12-base:arm64 (12.2.0-14) ...
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot remove architecture 'arm64' currently in use by the database
[..]
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput>

<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-architecture</userinput>
<computeroutput>amd64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error processing archive gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb (--install):
package architecture (armhf) does not match system (amd64)
Errors were encountered while processing:
gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armhf</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armel</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf
armel
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>(Reading database ... 456367 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack gcc-9-base_9.3.0-22_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-9-base:armhf (9.3.0-22) ...
Setting up gcc-9-base:armhf (9.3.0-22) ...
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armhf</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot remove architecture 'armhf' currently in use by the database
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armel</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf</computeroutput>