2. SDG Metadata
3. 3-8-2

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><u>https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection</u>; <a href="http://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/"><u>http://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/</u></a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p><em>Global monitoring reports (e.g. 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021)</em></p>
<p><a href="https://www.who.int/teams/health-systems-governance-and-financing/global-monitoring-report">https://www.who.int/teams/health-systems-governance-and-financing/global-monitoring-report</a> </p>
<p><em>Methodology:</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Chapter 2 on Financial protection in &#x201C;Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report&#x201D;, World Health Organization and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank; 2017; </li>
<li>Wagstaff, A., Flores, G., Hsu J., Smitz, M-F., Chepynoga, K., Buisman, L.R., van Wilgenburg, K. and Eozenou, P., (2018), &#x201C;Progress on catastrophic health spending in 133 countries: a retrospective observational study&#x201D;, the Lancet Global Health, volume 6, issue 2, e169-e179. </li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30429-1"><u>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30429-1</u></a></p>
<ul>
<li>Chapter 18 of &#x201C;Analyzing health equity using household survey data&#x201D;. Washington, DC: World Bank Group; 2008, <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/publication/analyzing-health-equity-using-household-survey-data"><u>http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/publication/analyzing-health-equity-using-household-survey-data</u></a> </li>
</ul>

<h1>Ссылки</h1>
<h2>URL: </h2>
<p><a href="http://apps.who.int/gho/cabinet/uhc.jsp">http://apps.who.int/gho/cabinet/uhc.jsp</a>; <a href="http://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/">http://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/</a> </p>
<h2>Ссылки:</h2>
<ul>
<li>Chapter 2 on Financial protection in &#x201C;Tracking universal health coverage:
2017 global monitoring report&#x201D;, World Health Organization and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank; 2017; </li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/healthinfo/universal_health_coverage/report/2017/en/">http://www.who.int/healthinfo/universal_health_coverage/report/2017/en/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/universalhealthcoverage/publication/tracking-universal-health-coverage-2017-global-monitoring-report">http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/universalhealthcoverage/publication/tracking-universal-health-coverage-2017-global-monitoring-report</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/health_financing/topics/financial-protection/en/">http://www.who.int/health_financing/topics/financial-protection/en/</a>
</li>
<li>Wagstaff, A., Flores, G., Hsu J., Smitz, M-F., Chepynoga, K., Buisman, L.R.,
van Wilgenburg, K. and Eozenou, P., (2018), &#x201C;Progress on catastrophic health spending in 133 countries: a retrospective observational study&#x201D;, the Lancet Global Health, volume 6, issue 2, e169-e179. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30429-1">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30429-1</a></li> </ul>
<p><em>On underlying approaches behind the current definition of large health expenditures as a share of total household consumption or income:</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Chapter 18 of &#x201C;Analysing health equity using household survey data&#x201D;.
Washington, DC: World Bank Group; 2008, <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/publication/analyzing-health-equity-using-household-survey-data">http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/publication/analyzing-health-equity-using-household-survey-data</a> </li> </ul>
<p><em>Для определения расходов на здравоохранение: </em></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/a-system-of-health-accounts/classification-of-health-care-financing-schemes-icha-hf_9789264116016-9-en">http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/a-system-of-health-accounts/classification-of-health-care-financing-schemes-icha-hf_9789264116016-9-en</a>
</li> </ul>
<p><em>Для компонентов расходов на здравоохранение:</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Раздел 06 Классификации ООН индивидуального потребления по целям (КИПЦ-COICOP)
<a href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/revisions/coicop_revision.asp">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/class/revisions/coicop_revision.asp</a>; <a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=5&amp;Lg=1&amp;Co=06.1">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcs.asp?Cl=5&amp;Lg=1&amp;Co=06.1</a> </li>. </ul>

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><u>https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection</u>; <a href="http://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/"><u>http://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/</u></a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p><em>Global monitoring reports (e.g. 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021)</em></p>
<p><a href="https://www.who.int/teams/health-systems-governance-and-financing/global-monitoring-report">https://www.who.int/teams/health-systems-governance-and-financing/global-monitoring-report</a> </p>
<p><em>Methodology:</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Chapter 2 on Financial protection in &#x201C;Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report&#x201D;, World Health Organization and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank; 2017; </li>
<li>Wagstaff, A., Flores, G., Hsu J., Smitz, M-F., Chepynoga, K., Buisman, L.R., van Wilgenburg, K. and Eozenou, P., (2018), &#x201C;Progress on catastrophic health spending in 133 countries: a retrospective observational study&#x201D;, the Lancet Global Health, volume 6, issue 2, e169-e179. </li>
</ul>
<p><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30429-1"><u>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30429-1</u></a></p>
<ul>
<li>Chapter 18 of &#x201C;Analyszing health equity using household survey data&#x201D;. Washington, DC: World Bank Group; 2008, <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/publication/analyzing-health-equity-using-household-survey-data"><u>http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/publication/analyzing-health-equity-using-household-survey-data</u></a> </li>
</ul>

<p><strong>Sources of discrepancies:</strong></p>
<p>Country-level estimates are all based on nationally representative surveys with information on both household total expenditure or income and household expenditure on health (see data sources). In most cases, such data come from non-standard household surveys, and ex-post-standardization processes can be designed to increase the degree of comparability across countries. For instance, regional teams from the World Bank produce standardized versions of raw datasets following common regional proceduressuch as the Eastern Europe and Central Asia poverty harmonized datasets (ECAPOV^{^{<a href="#footnote-14" id="footnote-ref-14">[13]</a>}}); the Survey based Harmonized Indicators (SHIP) collection results from a poverty program on harmonized household surveys in the World Bank&#x2019;s African region, while the Standardized Household Economic Survey (SHES) collection was developed by the World Bank for the international comparison program. The Luxembourg income study (LIS) datasets result from an effort to harmonize datasets from many high and middle-income countries^{^{<a href="#footnote-15" id="footnote-ref-15">[14]</a>}}. </p>
<p>In some cases, the raw data is accessible to produce country-level estimates. In some countries, both raw data and standardized versions are available; in some countries, only the standardized version is available. When multiple versions of the same survey are available, the estimate which performed best in a series of quality assurance tests is retained (see collection process). When a standardized version of a nationally designed survey instrument is chosen, there are differences between expenditure variables generated using the raw data and the expenditure variables generated using the harmonization procedures, which might result in the different estimated incidence of the population with large household expenditure on health as a share of household total expenditure or income.</p><div class="footnotes"><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-14">13</sup><p> https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/ece/ces/ge.15/2016/Wshp/Session_A._LEAD_PRESENTATION_WB_ENG.pdf <a href="#footnote-ref-14">&#x2191;</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-15">14</sup><p> http://www.lisdatacenter.org/ <a href="#footnote-ref-15">&#x2191;</a></p></div></div>

<h2>Источники расхождений:</h2>
<p>Все оценки на страновом уровне основаны на репрезентативных на национальном уровне обследованиях, включающих информацию как об общих расходах или доходах домохозяйств, так и о расходах домохозяйств на здравоохранение (см. Источники данных). В большинстве случаев такие данные поступают из нестандартизированных обследований домашних хозяйств, а процессы последующей стандартизации могут быть разработаны для повышения степени сопоставимости между странами. Например, группы Всемирного банка, ответственные за региональные показатели, создают стандартизированные версии наборов первичных данных на основе общих региональных процедур: гармонизированные наборы данных ECAPOV основаны на наборах данных исследования по измерению уровня жизни (LSMS) ^{<a href="#footnote-14" id="footnote-ref-14">[14]</a>} или обследования бюджетов домашних хозяйств (ОБДХ), собранных в регионе Европы и Центральной Азии, который курирует Всемирный банк; набор данных SHIP является результатом реализации программы борьбы с бедностью в рамках согласованных обследований домашних хозяйств в африканском регионе, который курирует Всемирный банк, в то время как процедура сбора данных SHES была разработана Всемирным банком для международной программы сопоставлений. ^{<a href="#footnote-15" id="footnote-ref-15">[15]</a>}</sup>Наборы данных Люксембургского исследования доходов (LIS) являются результатом усилий по гармонизации наборов данных из многих стран с высоким и средним уровнем дохода. ^{<a href="#footnote-16" id="footnote-ref-16">[16]</a>}</p>
<p>В некоторых случаях первичные данные доступны для получения оценок на страновом уровне. В некоторых странах в дополнение к первичным данным имеется стандартизированная версия первичных данных, а в других странах имеется только стандартизированная версия. Когда доступны комплексные версии одного и того же обследования, сохраняется наилучшая из реализованных версий с точки зрения проведенной серии проверок на обеспечение качества (см. Процесс сбора). При выборе стандартизированной версии инструментариев обследования, разработанных на национальном уровне, существуют различия между переменными расходов, произведенных с использованием первичных данных, и переменными расходов, произведенных с использованием процедур гармонизации, которые могут привести к различиям в оценке доли населения с большим удельным весом семейных расходов на медицинскую помощь в общем объеме расходов или доходов домохозяйств.
</p><div class="footnotes"><div>¹⁴<p>http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTLSMS/0,,contentMDK:21610833~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:3358997,00.html

<a href="#footnote-ref-14">&#x2191;</a></p></div>
<div>¹⁵<p> Подробная документация, описывающая процедуры гармонизации, доступна в сопроводительных документах в формате pdf <a href="#footnote-ref-15">&#x2191;</a></p></div>
<div>¹⁶<p> http://www.lisdatacenter.org/ <a href="#footnote-ref-16">&#x2191;</a></p></div>

<p><strong>Sources of discrepancies:</strong></p>
<p>Country -level estimates are all based on nationally representative surveys with information on both household total expenditure or income and household expenditure on health (see data sources). In most cases, such data come from non-standard household surveys, and ex-post -standardization processes can be designed to increase the degree of comparability across countries. For instance, regional teams from the World Bank produce standardized versions of raw datasets following common regional procedures: the ECAPOV harmonized datasets are based on the Living Standards Measurement Study datasets &#x2013; LSMSsuch as the Eastern Europe and Central Asia poverty harmonized datasets (ECAPOV^{^{<a href="#footnote-134" id="footnote-ref-134">[123]</a>}} or household budget surveys (HBS) collected in the World Bank&#x2019;s Europe and Central Asia region; the ); the Survey based Harmonized Indicators (SHIP) collection results from a poverty program on harmonized household surveys in the World Bank&#x2019;s African region, while the Standardized Household Economic Survey (SHES) collection was developed by the World Bank for the international comparison program^{^{<a href="#footnote-14" id="footnote-ref-14">[13]</a>}}. The Luxembourg income study (LIS) datasets results from an effort to harmonize datasets from many high and middle-income countries^{^{<a href="#footnote-15" id="footnote-ref-15">[14]</a>}}. </p>
<p>In some cases, the raw data is accessible to produce country -level estimates. In some countries, both raw data and standardized versions are available while; in some countries, only the standardized version is available. When multiple versions of the same survey are available, the estimate which performed best in a series of quality assurance tests is retained (see collection process). When a standardized version of a nationally designed survey instruments is chosen, there are differences between expenditure variables generated using the raw data, and the expenditure variables generated using the harmonization procedures, which might result in the different estimated incidence of the population with large household expenditure on health as a share of household total expenditure or income.</p><div class="footnotes"><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-13">124">13</sup><p> https://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTLSMS/0,,contentMDK:21610833~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:3358997,00.html <a href="#footnote-ref-13">&#x2191;</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-14">13</sup><p> A detailed documentation describing the harmonization procedures is available from the accompanying pdf documentsunece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/ece/ces/ge.15/2016/Wshp/Session_A._LEAD_PRESENTATION_WB_ENG.pdf <a href="#footnote-ref-14">&#x2191;</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-15">14</sup><p> http://www.lisdatacenter.org/ <a href="#footnote-ref-15">&#x2191;</a></p></div></div>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>The number of countries or territories with SDG 3.8.2 data increases over time as more surveys become available.. For more information and to get the latest updates, please use WHO and World Bank dedicated data portals: </p>
<p><a href="https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection">https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection</a> and</p>
<p><a href="https://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/">https://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/</a> </p>
<p><strong>Time series:</strong></p>
<p>The frequency of such data is similar to the frequency of the data used to produce SDG indicator 1.1.1. It varies across countries but on average, this ranges from an annual 1-year basis to 3 to 5 years.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>The following disaggregation is possible in so far as the survey has been designed to provide representative estimates and/or there are enough observations collected at such level:</p>
<ul>
<li>Geographic location (rural/urban)</li>
<li>Sex of the head of the household (male/female); </li>
<li>Age and sex of the head of the household (below 60 years old/ 60 years or older; male/female);</li>
<li>Age composition of the household based on the following grouping: &#x201C;Adults only (20-59 years old)&#x201D; - households that consist of members aged between 20 and 59 years old; &#x201C;Adults with children and adolescents (below 60 years old members)&#x201D; - households that consist of members aged below 60 only as follows: at least one member below 20 years old AND at least one member aged between 20 and 59 years old; &#x201C;Multigenerational households (all ages)&#x201D; - households that include at least one person below 20 years old AND at least one person aged between 20 and 59 years old AND at least one person &gt;= 60 years old; &#x201C;Adults with older persons (from 20 years old)&#x201D; - households that consist of members aged &gt;=20 only as follows: at least one person aged between 20 and 59 years old AND at least one person &gt;= 60 years old; &#x201C;Only older adults (&gt;=60 years old)&#x201D; - households that consist of members aged &gt;=60 years old only; &#x201C;Only members below 20 years old&#x201D; - households that consist of members aged below 20 years old only.</li>
<li>Geographic location (rural/urban)</li>
<li>Other possible disaggregation are possible such as by quintiles of the household welfare measures (total household consumption expenditure or income). See section 4.b on comments and limitations for the sensitivity of the disaggregation to the choice of the welfare measure.</li>
</ul>

<h1>Наличие данных</h1>
<p>Этот показатель основывается главным образом на тех же источниках данных, которые используются для мониторинга показателя 1.1.1 ЦУР , включая дополнительное требование наличия информации о расходах на здравоохранение. Принимая во внимание это условие, Всемирный банк и ВОЗ выявили 1566 потенциально подходящих наборов данных обследования домашних хозяйств из 155 стран. В дальнейшем некоторые из них были исключены, поскольку данные тех обследований либо были недоступны, или отсутствовали ключевые переменные, необходимые для оценки доли населения с большим удельным весом семейных расходов на медицинскую помощь в общем объеме расходов или доходов домохозяйств, или они не прошли процесс обеспечения надлежащего качества или не были частью последовательных временных рядов. По состоянию на декабрь 2017 года для получения показателя ЦУР 3.8.2 было использовано в общей сложности 553 элемента данных из 132 стран или территорий за период 1984-2015 годов. </p>
<p>Наличие информации по ряду стран, данные которых ВОЗ и Всемирный банк в настоящее время изучили и сохранили для оценки "доли населения с большим удельным весом семейных расходов на медицинскую помощь в общем объеме расходов или доходов домохозяйств", за последний имеющийся год выглядит следующим образом:</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td colspan="6" >
<p>Сохранено ВОЗ и Всемирным банком для оценки доли населения с большим
удельным весом семейных расходов на медицинскую помощь в общем объеме расходов или доходов домохозяйств</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Разбивка на регионы ЦУР</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Количество государств-членов ВОЗ</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" >
<p>2005 или ранее</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" >
<p>2006-2015</p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" >
<p>Общий итог по региону ЦУР</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>&#xA0;</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>&#xA0;</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>(к-во госуд-членов)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>(% по региону)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>(к-во госуд-членов)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>(% по региону)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>(к-во госуд-членов)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>(% по региону)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Северная Америка (М49) и Европа (М49)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>44</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>6</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>13,60%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>33</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>75.00%</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>39</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>88,60%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Латинская Америка и Карибский бассейн (ЦРТ=M49)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>33</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>7</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>21.20%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>10</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>30.30%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>17</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>51,50%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Центральная Азия (М49) и Южная Азия (ЦРТ=М49)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>14</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.00%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>11</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>78,60%</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>11</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>78,60%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Восточная Азия (М49) и Юго-Восточная Азия (ЦРТ=М49)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>16</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>2</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>12,50%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>10</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>62,50%</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>12</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>75.00%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Западная Азия&#xA0;(М49)</p> и Северная Африка (М49)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>23</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>4</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>17,40%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>9</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>39.10%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>13</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>56,50%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Африка к югу от Сахары (М49)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>48</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>16</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>33.30%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>21</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>43,80%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>37</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>77.10%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Австралия и Новая Зеландия (М49)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>2</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.00%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>1</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>50,00%</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p>1</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>50,00%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Океания (М49), исключая Австралию и Новую Зеландию (М49)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>14</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>1</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>7.10%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>0.00%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>1</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>7.10%</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>
<p>194</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>36</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>18,60%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>95</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>49.00%</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>131</p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>67,50%</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
</body>
</table>
<p>Общая оценка наличия данных охватывает не менее 50% всех государств-членов ВОЗ во всех регионах M49, за исключением тех, которые находятся в Океании (7,1%). Для получения дополнительной информации, см. отчет ВОЗ и Всемирного банка за 2017 год об отслеживании всеобщего охвата услугами здравоохранения; Wagstaff et al 2018.</p>
<h2>Временные ряды:</h2>
<p>Периодичность таких данных аналогична периодичности данных, используемых для разработки показателя ЦУР 1.1.1. Она варьируется в зависимости от страны, но в среднем составляет от 1 года до 3–5 лет.</p>
<h2>Дезагрегирование:</h2>
<p>Следующее дезагрегирование возможно, поскольку обследование было разработано для получения репрезентативных оценок на таком уровне:</p>
<ul>
<li>Пол и возраст главы домохозяйства</li>
<li>Географическое положение (сельская местность / город)</li>
<li> Квинтили оценки благосостояния домохозяйства (общие расходы или доход домохозяйства).
См. комментарии и ограничения в отношении чувствительности дезагрегации к выбору оценки благосостояния.</li> </ul>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>The number of countries or territories with SDG 3.8.2 data increases over time as more surveys become available. In December 2021, the World Bank and WHO published estimates for 161 of them. For more information and to get the latest updates, please use WHO and World Bank dedicated data portals: </p>
<p><a href="https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection">https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection</a> and</p>
<p><a href="https://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/">https://datatopics.worldbank.org/universal-health-coverage/</a> </p>
<p><strong>Time series:</strong></p>
<p>The frequency of such data is similar to the frequency of the data used to produced SDG indicator 1.1.1. It varies across countries but on average, this ranges from an annual 1 -year basis to 3 to 5 years.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>The following disaggregation is possible in so far as the survey has been designed to provide representative estimates at such level:</p>
<ul>
<li>Age and gender composition of the household. For the and/or there are enough observations collected at such level:</p>
<ul>
<li>Geographic location (rural/urban)</li>
<li>Sex of the head of the household (male/female); </li>
<li>Age and sex of the head of the household (below 60 years old/ 60 years or older; male/female);</li>
<li>Age composition of the household, based on the following grouping are used by WHO: &#x201C;only adults: &#x201C;Adults only (20-59 years old)&#x201D; - households that consist of members aged between 20 and 59 years old; &#x201C;Adults with children and adolescents (below 60 years old members)&#x201D; includes- households composed of people</li>
</ul>
<p>that consist of members aged below 60 only as follows: at least one member below 20 years old AND at least one member aged between 20 and 59 years old; m&#x201C;Multigenerational households (include adults living with people below 20 years old (children and/or adolescents) as well as people aged</p>
<p>60 years old or more -older adults); &#x201C;younger households&#x201D; include adults living with children (0 to all ages)&#x201D; - households that include at least one person below 20 years old AND at least one person aged between 20 and 59 years old AND at least one person &gt;= 60 years old; &#x201C;Adults with older persons (from 20 years old)&#x201D; - households that consist of members aged &gt;=20 only as follows: at least one person aged between 20 and 59 years old) and/or adolescents (10 to 19 AND at least one person &gt;= 60 years old); and; &#x201C;Only older householdsadults (&gt;=60 years old)&#x201D; include- household composed of adults living with at least one older person (60 years and older) or exclusively composed of older people.</p>
<ul>
<li>Geographic location (rural/urban)</li>
<li>Qs that consist of members aged &gt;=60 years old only; &#x201C;Only members below 20 years old&#x201D; - households that consist of members aged below 20 years old only.</li>
<li>Geographic location (rural/urban)</li>
<li>Other possible disaggregation are possible such as by quintiles of the household welfare measures (total household consumption expenditure or income). See section 4.b on comments and limitations for the sensitivity of the disaggregation to the choice of the welfare measure.</li>
</ul>

<p>The World Health Organization and the World Bank generate indicator 3.8.2 following the methods, validation and treatment of missing values described in sections 4.c. to 4.d. Both institutions combine estimates at the meso-level. Eligibility of the estimates included in a joint global database at a country level and used to produce regional and global estimates is based on the following quality assessment:</p>
<p><em>For the denominator of the health expenditure ratio</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Compare the average monthly total household per capita consumption or income in a benchmark source with the average monthly value estimated from the survey. The comparison is based on the ratio of both averages (benchmark source to the survey-based estimate). If the ratio is greater than 20% (when both averages are based on consumption) or 30% (when the benchmark source estimate is based on income and the survey-based one on consumption), the survey point is identified as an outlier in terms of consumption per capita and flagged for possible exclusion. Both averages are expressed in interntional dollars. The source for the benchmark average is either the Poverty and Inequality Platform^{^{<a href="#footnote-11" id="footnote-ref-11">[10]</a>}} (already expressed in international dollars), or derived from the World Development Indicators (WDI)^{^{<a href="#footnote-12" id="footnote-ref-12">[11]</a>}} andcomputed as the household final consumption expenditures in constant international dollars divided by the total population. The average estimated from the survey is available in local nominal currency units. It is converted into internation dollars using purchasing power parities (PPP) for private consumption and consumer index prices. PPP data are downloadable from the World Bank&#x2019;s (WDI) data website14 and the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP). Data on CPIs is also downloadable from the Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP). PIP is the preferred data source for both CPIs and PPPs. </li>
<li>Compare the poverty headcount estimated from the survey using international poverty lines with the poverty incidence reported in Poverty and Inequality Platform at the same poverty lines (benchmark value). When the absolute difference between the benchmark value and the survey-based estimate exceeds 10 percentage points, the survey-based point is identified as an outlier to track poverty using international poverty lines and flagged for possible exclusion. An extreme and moderate poverty line are used for this assessment. The latest value of international extreme poverty line is $2.15 per day per capita using 2017 purchasing power parities (PPPs) for private consumption and replaces the $1.90 poverty line based on 2011 PPPs. The latest value of the moderate international poverty line is $3.65 per person per day is based on 2017 PPPs which replaces the $3.20 poverty line based on 2011 PPPs. It corresponds to the typical standard used to assess national poverty levels in lower-middle-income countries. For more information about the latest purchasing power parity revision (PPP), please consult https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2022/05/02/fact-sheet-an-adjustment-to-global-poverty-lines</li>
</ul>
<p><em>For the numerator of the health expenditure ratio</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Compare the average health expenditure ratio in the survey to a benchmark average health budget share. The latter is constructed from national health accounts data as the ratio of the aggregate measure of household out-of-pocket expenditures to the final consumption expenditure of households and profit institutions serving households, both in current local currency. When the absolute difference exceeds 5 percentage points, the survey point is identified as an outlier in terms of household budget share spent on health and flagged for possible exclusion. The macro-indicators are available from the <a href="https://apps.who.int/nha/database"><u>Global Health Expenditure Database</u></a> (GHED)^{^{<a href="#footnote-13" id="footnote-ref-13">[12]</a>}}. </li>
</ul>
<p>These benchmarks are also used to decide which estimates to accept between two estimates for those countries and the years for which both institutions have the same data source. For a survey-based estimate of SDG indicator 3.8.2 to be included in the joint database and, therefore, in the country consultation conducted every two years previously described, it cannot be an outlier in consumption, nor in terms of the health budget share. </p>
<p>Estimates produced by the countries and shared through the country consultation are subject to the same quality assurance process. They are included in the joint database if they are not flagged neither in consumption nor in the health budget share.</p><div class="footnotes"><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-11">10</sup><p> <a href="https://pip.worldbank.org/home">https://pip.worldbank.org/home</a> <a href="#footnote-ref-11">&#x2191;</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-12">11</sup><p> <a href="https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-development-indicators">https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-development-indicators</a> <a href="#footnote-ref-12">&#x2191;</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-13">12</sup><p> <a href="https://apps.who.int/nha/database">https://apps.who.int/nha/database</a> <a href="#footnote-ref-13">&#x2191;</a></p></div></div>

<p>The estimates released by the World Health Organization and the World Bank are quality checked by members of the WHO Health Financing and Economics unit and the World Bank Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, Global Engagement Unit and submitted to a country consultation composed of members of the relevant National Statistical Offices and Ministry of health every two years.</p>

<h2> Обеспечение качества: </h2>

<p>The quality of the estimates is managed through WHO Health Financing and Economics unit and the World Bank Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, Global Engagement Unit</p>