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Overview

Project website github.com/worldbank/sdg-metadata
Instructions for translators

This project is limited to Russian translation only, for now.

More detailed instructions to come.
Project maintainers User avatar brockfanning
Translation license MIT License
Translation process
  • Translations can be made directly.
  • Translation suggestions are turned off.
  • Translations are reviewed by dedicated reviewers.
  • Any authenticated user can contribute.
  • The translation uses monolingual files.
  • The translation base language can not be edited.
Source code repository https://github.com/worldbank/sdg-metadata
Repository branch master
Last remote commit Merge pull request #553 from weblate/weblate-sdg-metadata-1-1-1a d3a3ca3e2bb
User avatar brockfanning authored 3 weeks ago
Last commit in Weblate Merge pull request #553 from weblate/weblate-sdg-metadata-1-1-1a d3a3ca3e2bb
User avatar brockfanning authored 3 weeks ago
Weblate repository https://hosted.weblate.org/git/sdg-metadata/1-1-1a/
File mask translations-metadata/*/2-1-1.yml
Monolingual base language file translations-metadata/en/2-1-1.yml
Translation file Download translations-metadata/ar/2-1-1.yml
Last change Aug. 19, 2023, 4:54 p.m.
Last change made by None
Language Arabic
Language code ar
Text direction Right to left
Number of speakers 378,482,167
Number of plurals 6
Plural type Arabic languages
Plurals Zero 0
One 1
Two 2
Few 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 103, 104, …
Many 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, …
Other 100, 101, 102, 200, 201, 202, 300, 301, 302, 400, …
Plural formula n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 && n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 ? 4 : 5
4 days ago

String statistics

Strings percent Hosted strings Words percent Hosted words Characters percent Hosted characters
Total 32 5,336 38,513
Approved 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Waiting for review 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Translated 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Needs editing 3% 1 1% 1 1% 10
Read-only 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Failing checks 15% 5 1% 77 1% 550
Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Untranslated strings 96% 31 99% 5,335 99% 38,503
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Resource updated
The “translations-metadata/en/2-1-1.yml” file was changed. a year ago
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String updated in the repository
2023-05-15
اخر تحديث
a year ago
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2022-03-313-05-15
a year ago
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<p>Primary series: Prevalence of undernourishment (SN_ITK_DEFC)</p>
<p>Complementary series: Number of undernourished people (SN_ITK_DEFCN)</p>
 
a year ago
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Resource updated
The “translations-metadata/en/2-1-1.yml” file was changed. 2 years ago
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<p><strong>URL: </strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.fao.org/food-agriculture-statistics/statistical-domains/food-security-and-nutrition/en/">https://www.fao.org/food-agriculture-statistics/statistical-domains/food-security-and-nutrition/en/</a> </p>
<p><strong>References: </strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/w0931e/w0931e16.pdf">http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/w0931e/w0931e16.pdf</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4249E/y4249e06.htm#bm06">http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4249E/y4249e06.htm#bm06</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4060e.pdf">http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4060e.pdf</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4046e.pdf">http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4046e.pdf</a></p>
 
2 years ago
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String updated in the repository
<p><strong>Sources of discrepancies: </strong></p>
<p>Many countries have produced and reported on estimates of the Prevalence of Undernourishment, including in their national MDG Reports, but almost invariably using a different methodology than the one developed by FAO, which makes national figures not comparable to those reported by FAO for global monitoring. </p>
<p>The most common approach used in preparing national reports has been to calculate the percentage of households for which the average per capita daily dietary energy consumption is found to be below thresholds based on daily Recommended Dietary Intake, usually set at 2,100 kcal, based on household survey data. In some cases, also lower thresholds of around 1,400 kcal have been used, probably as a reaction to the fact that percentages of households reporting average daily consumption of less than 2,100 kcal per capita were implausibly high estimates of the prevalence of undernourishment. </p>
<p>Almost without exception, no consideration related to the presence of excess variability in the dietary energy consumption data is made, and the reports reveal limited or no progress in the reduction of PoU over time. </p>
<p>As discussed in the section on the method of computation, the results obtained through these alternative methods are highly unreliable and almost certainly biased toward overestimation. It is therefore advisable that a concerted effort is made to advocate for use of the FAO methods also in preparation of national reports. FAO stands ready to provide all necessary technical support.</p>
 
2 years ago
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<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>Since 2017 FAO has reported separate estimates of PoU for 160 countries. </p>
<p>While country-level estimates are presented as three-year averages, regional and global estimates are yearly estimates. </p>
<p><strong>Time series: </strong></p>
<p>2000 - current </p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation: </strong></p>
<p>Due to reliance on national Food Balance Sheets data to estimate mean caloric consumption levels in the population, the global monitoring of MDG Target 1C and of the WFS target has been based on estimates of the PoU at national level only. </p>
<p>In principle, the indicator can be computed for any specific population group, provided sufficient accurate information exists to characterize the model&#x2019;s parameters for that specific group, that is, if data on the group&#x2019;s food consumption levels, age/gender structure and &#x2013; possibly &#x2013; physical activity levels, exist. </p>
<p>The scope for disaggregation thus crucially depends on the availability of surveys designed to be representative at the level of sub national population groups. Given prevailing practice in the design of national household surveys, sufficient reliable information is seldom available for disaggregation beyond the level of macro area of residence (urban-rural) and of the main Provinces/Divisions in a country. To the extent that most of the used surveys are designed to accurately capture the distribution of income, inference can be drawn on the PoU in different income classes of the population. Gender disaggregation is limited by the possibility to identify and group households by gender-related information (such as sex of the head of the household, or male/female ratio).</p>
 
2 years ago
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<p>The main three sources of data at national level are: </p>
<p>a) Official reports on the production, trade and utilization of the major food crop and livestock productions. </p>
<p>b) Household survey data on food consumption </p>
<p>c) Demographic characteristics of the national population </p>
<p>Data sources for agricultural production are usually national surveys that are conducted by the Ministry of Agricultural/Livestock and/or the National Statistical Office. The surveys are usually annual, and in the absence of direct measurements, use information on areas/animal numbers and crop yields/carcass weights to calculate crop or livestock product quantities. Agricultural censuses, which FAO recommends conducting every ten years, may complement these surveys by providing more updated measured data on crops and livestock, and thus enable more precise projections/revisions. </p>
<p>The data source for agricultural and food trade is almost exclusively the national customs office (with few exceptions where data may be obtained from the Central Bank). Countries often prepare these trade reports following international standard formats (commodity/country classifications, units of measurement, trading partner detail). While such trade data may be considered quite reliable, being the result of direct measurement/reporting by/to the customs office, issues of unreported border trade (and animal movement), misclassification of commodities, confidentiality, time-lag, to name a few, may necessitate some data analysis and validation (often by referring to &#x2018;mirror&#x2019; trade statistics to cross-check quantities and values). </p>
<p>Data on the utilization of primary and processed crops and livestock may be obtained through specialized surveys (supplemented by research) through the national agri-food industry system. Utilizations of interest here are those quantities destined for, among others, animal feed, for industrial uses (e.g. biofuel production), for national/enterprise/farm stocks, for seed (sowing for the successive agricultural cycle) &#x2013; to enable as accurate an assessment as possible of the quantities destined/available for potential human consumption. </p>
<p>These datasets (production, trade and utilizations), once cross-checked and validated, form the basis for the compilation of the Food Balance Sheets (FBS). The FBS are an accounting framework whereby supply (production + imports + stock withdrawals) should equal utilization (export + food processing + feed + seed + industrial use, etc.). It should be noted that, within the FBS framework, post-harvest/slaughter losses (up to the retail level) are considered as utilization, and thus a component in the balancing of the FBS. The FBS framework provides a snapshot of the agricultural supply situation at the national level, and allows for a cross-referenced structure whereby data, official or estimated/imputed, may be further analyzed and validated (e.g. animal numbers may result as being under-reported/estimated). </p>
<p>The main result of the compilation of the FBS is the calculation of the Dietary Energy Supply (DES) in kilocalories per person (based on population figures) in a given year (quantities resulting as available for human consumption are converted into their caloric equivalents by using appropriate nutritive conversion factors by commodity). The DES, in the absence of direct consumption data from household surveys, is one of the key components in the calculation of the Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU). FAO is presently embarking on a more focused program of providing FBS capacity to countries, including an updated compilation tool. </p>
<p>FAO obtains crop/livestock primary/processed production data, and principal utilization thereof, through country-tailored questionnaires that are dispatched to all countries annually. Official country trade statistics are obtained annually through bulk downloads of the United Nations trade database (countries are expected to report to UNSD annually). In some cases, when available, national FBS data are also used. These datasets are then validated and form inputs in the country FBS which FAO compiles. It should be noted that when data are not officially reported/available (as is frequently the case with commodity utilization data), and hence it is necessary to resort to imputations to fill the data gaps. </p>
<p>The new FBS Guidelines for national compilation (completed recently in collaboration with the Global Strategy) and new compilation tool (R-based &#x2018;shiny&#x2019; application). </p>
<p>Detail on FBS methodology: <a href="http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/fbs/ess-fbs02/en/">http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/fbs/ess-fbs02/en/</a>. </p>
<p>The FBS Handbook shown here should not be confused with the recently completed FBS Guidelines. The Handbook is of a more technical nature and explains the methodology followed by FAO in compiling country FBS. The Guidelines on the other hand, while based on the Handbook, provide countries with a more revised and practical guidance and recommendations for compilation at the national level. </p>
<p>Some FBS background text also available on FAOSTAT: <a href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS">http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS</a>. </p>
 
2 years ago
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String updated in the repository
<p>Regional and global aggregates of the PoU are computed as: </p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>U</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>E</mi>
<mi>G</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<munder>
<mo stretchy="false">&#x2211;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>U</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mo>&#xD7;</mo>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow>
<munder>
<mo stretchy="false">&#x2211;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
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<mrow>
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</math></p>
<p>where PoU<sub>i</sub> are the values of PoU estimated for all countries (i) in the aggregate for which available data allow to compute a reliable estimate, and N<sub>i</sub> the corresponding population size. </p>
 
2 years ago
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