2. SDG Metadata
3. 15-1-2
4. French

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/</a>; <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/">http://www.birdlife.org/</a>; <a href="http://www.iucn.org/">http://www.iucn.org/</a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2014). Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas: a global network for conserving nature and benefiting people. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Available at datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/sowbpubs#IBA.</p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2019) World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas.Developed by the KBA Partnership: BirdLife International, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Global Wildlife Conservation, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Wildlife Conservation Society and World Wildlife Fund. September 2019 version. Available at http://keybiodiversityareas.org/sites/search.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T. et al. (2001). Conservation priorities for birds and biodiversity: do East African Important Bird Areas represent species diversity in other terrestrial vertebrate groups? Ostrich suppl. 15: 3&#x2013;12. Available </p>
<p>from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520109485329#.VafbVJPVq75.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T.M. et al. (2016) Goal 15: Life on land. Sustainable manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss. Pp. 497&#x2013;522 in Dur&#xE1;n y Lalaguna, P., D&#xED;az Barrado, C.M. &amp; Fern&#xE1;ndez Liesa, C.R. (eds.) International Society and Sustainable Development Goals. Editorial Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, Spain. Available from: https://www.thomsonreuters.es/es/tienda/pdp/duo.html?pid=10008456</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Available from https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1187512.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2012). Protecting important sites for biodiversity contributes to meeting global conservation targets. PLoS One 7(3): e32529. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032529.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2015). Shortfalls and solutions for meeting national and global conservation area targets. Conservation Letters 8: 329&#x2013;337. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12158/full.</p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>.</p>
<p>CBD (2018). Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures. Decision 14/8 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Available at <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf">https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020a). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/. </p>
<p>CBD (2020b). Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Scientific and technical information to support the review of the updated Goals and Targets, and related indicators and baselines. Document CBD/SBSTTA/24/3. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf.</p>
<p>CHAPE, S. et al. (2005). Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360: 443&#x2013;445. Available from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/443.short.</p>
<p>DEGUIGNET, M., et al. (2014). 2014 United Nations List of Protected Areas. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from http://unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/263/original/2014_UN_List_of_Protected_Areas_EN_web.PDF?1415613322.</p>
<p>DI MARCO, M., et al. (2016). Quantifying the relative irreplaceability of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas. Conservation Biology 30: 392&#x2013;402. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12609/abstract.</p>
<p>DONALD, P. et al. (2018) Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs): the development and characteristics of a global inventory of key sites for biodiversity. Bird Conserv. Internat. 29:177&#x2013;198.</p>
<p>DUDLEY, N. (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9243.</p>
<p>EDGAR, G.J. et al. (2008). KBAs as globally significant target sites for the conservation of marine biological diversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18: 969&#x2013;983. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.902/abstract.</p>
<p>EKEN, G. et al. (2004). KBAs as site conservation targets. BioScience 54: 1110&#x2013;1118. Available from http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/12/1110.short.</p>
<p>FOSTER, M.N. et al. (2012) The identification of sites of biodiversity conservation significance: progress with the application of a global standard. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4: 2733&#x2013;2744. Available from </p>
<p>https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/779.</p>
<p>Global Administrative Areas (2019). GADM database of Global Administrative Areas, version 2.8. Available from www.gadm.org.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046.</p>
<p>HOLLAND, R.A. et al. (2012). Conservation priorities for freshwater biodiversity: the key biodiversity area approach refined and tested for continental Africa. Biological Conservation 148: 167&#x2013;179. Available from </p>
<p>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712000298.</p>
<p>IUCN (2016). A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259.</p>
<p>IUCN-WCPA Task Force on OECMs (2019). Recognising and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.</p>
<p>JONAS, H.D. et al. (2014) New steps of change: looking beyond protected areas to consider other effective area-based conservation measures. Parks 20: 111&#x2013;128. Available from http://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PARKS-20.2-Jonas-et-al-10.2305IUCN.CH_.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ_.en_.pdf.</p>
<p>KBA Secretariat (2019). Key Biodiversity Areas Proposal Process: Guidance on Proposing, Reviewing, Nominating and Confirming sites. Version 1.0. Prepared by the KBA Secretariat and KBA Committee of the KBA Partnership. Cambridge, UK. Available at <a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/35687f50ac0bcad155ab17447b48885a">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/35687f50ac0bcad155ab17447b48885a</a>. </p>
<p>KNIGHT, A. T. et al. (2007). Improving the Key Biodiversity Areas approach for effective conservation planning. BioScience 57: 256&#x2013;261. Available from </p>
<p>http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/256.short.</p>
<p>LANGHAMMER, P. F. et al. (2007). Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 15. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9055.</p>
<p>LEVERINGTON, F. et al. (2010). A global analysis of protected area management effectiveness. Environmental Management 46: 685&#x2013;698. Available from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-010-</p>
<p>9564-5#page-1.</p>
<p>MONTESINO POUZOLS, F., et al. (2014) Global protected area expansion is compromised by projected land-use and parochialism. Nature 516: 383&#x2013;386. Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7531/abs/nature14032.html.</p>
<p>NOLTE, C. &amp; AGRAWAL, A. (2013). Linking management effectiveness indicators to observed effects of protected areas on fire occurrence in the Amazon rainforest. Conservation Biology 27: 155&#x2013;165. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x/abstract.</p>
<p>PAIN, D.J. et al. (2005) Biodiversity representation in Uganda&#x2019;s forest IBAs. Biological Conservation 125: 133&#x2013;138. Available from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320705001412.</p>
<p>RICKETTS, T. H. et al. (2005). Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 102: 18497&#x2013;18501. Available from http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18497.short.</p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2004). Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428: 640&#x2013;643. Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6983/abs/nature02422.html.</p>
<p>RODR&#xCD;GUEZ-RODR&#xCD;GUEZ, D., et al. (2011). Progress towards international targets for protected area coverage in mountains: a multi-scale assessment. Biological Conservation 144: 2978&#x2013;2983. Available from </p>
<p><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454</a>.</p>
<p>SIMKINS, A.T., PEARMAIN, E.J., &amp; DIAS, M.P. (2020). Code (and documentation) for calculating the protected area coverage of Key Biodiversity Areas. <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/kba-overlap">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/kba-overlap</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC (2019). World Database on Protected Areas User Manual 1.6. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from <a href="http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual">http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual</a>.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC &amp; IUCN (2020). The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from http://www.protectedplanet.net.</p>

<h1>Références </h1>
<p><strong>URL :</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/</a></p>
<p> <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/">http://www.birdlife.org/</a></p>
<p> <a href="http://www.iucn.org/">http://www.iucn.org/</a></p>
<p><strong>Références:</strong></p>
<p>Ces métadonnées sont basées sur <a href="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-6-Proportion-of-terrestrial-and-marine-areas-protected.ashx">http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-6-Proportion-of-terrestrial-and-marine-areas-protected.ashx</a>, complétées par <a href="http://www.bipindicators.net/paoverlays%20">http://www.bipindicators.net/paoverlays</a> et les références énumérées ci-dessous.</p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2014). Zones importantes pour les oiseaux et la biodiversité : un réseau mondial pour conserver la nature et en faire profiter les gens. Cambridge, UK : BirdLife International. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/sowbpubs#IBA">www.datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/sowbpubs#IBA</a>.</p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2019). <em>Base de données mondiale des zones clés pour la biodiversité.</em>Développée par le partenariat KBA : BirdLife International, Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Global Wildlife Conservation, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Wildlife Conservation Society et World Wildlife Fund. Version de septembre 2019. Disponible à l'adresse <a href="http://keybiodiversity.areas.org/site/search">http://keybiodiversity.areas.org/site/search</a>. </p>
<p>BROOKS, T. et al. (2001). Priorités de conservation des oiseaux et de la biodiversité : les zones importantes pour les oiseaux d'Afrique de l'Est représentent-elles la diversité des espèces dans d'autres groupes de vertébrés terrestres ? Ostrich suppl. 15 : 3 à 12. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520109485329%23.VafbVJPVq75.">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520109485329#.VafbVJPVq75.</a></p>
<p>BROOKS, T.M. et al. (2016) Objectif 15 : La vie sur terre. Gérer durablement les forêts, lutter contre la désertification, stopper et inverser la dégradation des terres, enrayer la perte de biodiversité. Pp. 497 à 522 in Dur&#xE1;n y Lalaguna, P., D&#xED;az Barrado, C.M.&amp; Fern&#xE1;ndez Liesa, C.R. (eds.) Société internationale et objectifs de développement durable. Editorial Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, Espagne. Disponible sur : <a href="https://www.thomsonreuters.es/es/tienda/pdp/duo.html?pid=10008456">https://www.thomsonreuters.es/es/tienda/pdp/duo.html?pid=10008456</a></p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity : indicators of recent declines. Science 328 : 1164 à 1168. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.short</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2012). La protection de sites importants pour la biodiversité contribue à atteindre les objectifs de conservation mondiaux. PLoS One 7(3) : e32529. Disponible sur <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032529">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032529</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2015). Insuffisances et solutions pour atteindre les objectifs nationaux et mondiaux en matière de zones de conservation. Conservation Letters 8 : 329 à 337. Disponible sur <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12158/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12158/full</a>.</p>
<p>CBD (2014). Perspectives mondiales de la biodiversité 4. Convention sur la diversité biologique, Montréal, Canada. Disponible sur <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/.">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/.</a></p>
<p>CHAPE, S. et al. (2005). Mesurer l'étendue et l'efficacité des zones protégées comme indicateur pour atteindre les objectifs mondiaux en matière de biodiversité. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360 : 443 à 445. Disponible sur <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/443.short">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/443.short</a></p>
<p>DEGUIGNET, M., et al. (2014). Liste 2014 des aires protégées des Nations Unies. PNUE-WCMC, Cambridge, Royaume-Uni. Disponible sur <a href="http://unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/263/original/2014_UN_List_of_Protected_Areas_EN_web.PDF?1415613322">http://unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/263/original/2014_UN_List_of_Protected_Areas_EN_web.PDF?1415613322</a>.</p>
<p>DI MARCO, M., et al. (2016). Quantifier l'irremplaçabilité relative des zones importantes pour les oiseaux et la biodiversité. Conservation Biology 30 : 392 à 402. Disponible sur <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12609/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12609/abstract</a>.</p>
<p>DONALD, P. et al. (2018) Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) : the development and characteristics of a global inventory of key sites for biodiversity. Bird Conserv. Internat. 29:177 à 198.</p>
<p>DUDLEY, N. (2008). Lignes directrices pour l'application des catégories de gestion des aires protégées. Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN). Gland, Suisse. Disponible sur <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9243">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9243</a>.</p>
<p>EDGAR, G.J. et al. (2008). Key Biodiversity Areas as globally significant target sites for the conservation of marine biological diversity. Aquatic Conservation : Ecosystèmes marins et d'eau douce 18 : 969 à 983. Disponible sur <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.902/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.902/abstract</a>.</p>
<p>EKEN, G. et al. (2004). Key biodiversity areas as site conservation targets. BioScience 54 : 1110 à 1118. Disponible sur <a href="http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/12/1110.short">http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/12/1110.short</a>.</p>
<p>FOSTER, M.N. et al. (2012) The identification of sites of biodiversity conservation significance : progress with the application of a global standard. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4 : 2733 à 2744. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.threatenedtaxa.in/index.php/JoTT/article/view/779">http://www.threatenedtaxa.in/index.php/JoTT/article/view/779</a>.</p>
<p>Zones administratives mondiales (2019). Base de données GADM des zones administratives mondiales, version 2.8. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.gadm.org/home" target="_blank">www.gadm.org</a>.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). Un tableau de bord des indicateurs de la biodiversité : relever les défis du suivi des progrès vers les objectifs d'Aichi en matière de biodiversité en utilisant des données mondiales désagrégées. PLoS ONE 9(11) : e112046. Disponible sur <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046</a>.</p>
<p>HOLLAND, R.A. et al. (2012). Priorités de conservation de la biodiversité d'eau douce : l'approche des zones clés pour la biodiversité affinée et testée pour l'Afrique continentale. Biological Conservation 148 : 167 à 179. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712000298">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712000298</a>.</p>
<p>UICN (2016). Une norme mondiale pour l'identification des zones clés pour la biodiversité. Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature, Gland, Suisse. Disponible sur <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259</a>.</p>
<p>JONAS, H.D. et al. (2014) New steps of change : looking beyond protected areas to consider other effective area-based conservation measures. Parks 20 : 111 à 128. Disponible sur <a href="http://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PARKS-20.2-Jonas-et-al-10.2305IUCN.CH_.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ_.en_.pdf">http://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PARKS-20.2-Jonas-et-al-10.2305IUCN.CH_.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ_.en_.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>KNIGHT, A. T. et al. (2007). Improving the Key Biodiversity Areas approach for effective conservation planning. BioScience 57 : 256 à261. Disponible sur <a href="http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/256.short">http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/256.short</a>.</p>
<p>LANGHAMMER, P. F. et al. (2007). Identification et analyse des lacunes des zones clés pour la biodiversité : Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. Commission mondiale des aires protégées de l'UICN, Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 15. UICN, Gland, Suisse. Disponible sur <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9055">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9055</a>.</p>
<p>LEVERINGTON, F. et al. (2010). Une analyse globale de l'efficacité de la gestion des aires protégées. Environmental Management 46 : 685 à 698. Disponible sur <a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-010-9564-5#page-1">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-010-9564-5#page-1</a>.</p>
<p>MONTESINO POUZOLS, F., et al. (2014) Global protected area expansion is compromised by projected land-use and parochialism. Nature 516 : 383 à 386. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7531/abs/nature14032.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7531/abs/nature14032.html</a>.</p>
<p>NOLTE, C. &amp; AGRAWAL, A. (2013). Lier les indicateurs d'efficacité de la gestion aux effets observés des zones protégées sur l'occurrence des incendies dans la forêt tropicale amazonienne. Conservation Biology 27 : 155 à 165. Disponible sur <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x/abstract</a>.</p>
<p>PAIN, D.J. et al. (2005) Biodiversity representation in Uganda&#x2019;s forest IBAs. Biological Conservation 125 : 133 à 138. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320705001412">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320705001412</a>.</p>
<p>RICKETTS, T. H. et al. (2005). Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 102 : 18497 à 18501. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18497.short">http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18497.short</a>.</p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2004). Efficacité du réseau mondial de zones protégées pour représenter la diversité des espèces. Nature 428 : 640 à 643. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6983/abs/nature02422.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6983/abs/nature02422.html</a>.</p>
<p>RODR&#xCD;GUEZ-RODR&#xCD;GUEZ, D., et al. (2011). Progrès vers les objectifs internationaux de couverture des aires protégées en montagne : une évaluation multi-échelle. Biological Conservation 144 : 2978 à 2983. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454</a>.</p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). Une analyse à mi-parcours des progrès vers les objectifs internationaux en matière de biodiversité. Science 346 : 241 à 244. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short</a>.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC (2019). Manuel d'utilisation de la base de données mondiale sur les aires protégées 1.6. PNUE-WCMC, Cambridge, Royaume-Uni. Disponible sur <a href="http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual">http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual</a>.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC &amp; IUCN (2020). La base de données mondiale sur les aires protégées (WDPA). PNUE-WCMC, Cambridge, Royaume-Uni. Disponible sur <a href="http://www.protectedplanet.net">http://www.protectedplanet.net</a>.</p>

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/; ">http://www.birdlife.org/; http://www.iucn.org/</p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>These metadata are based on http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-6-Proportion-</p>
<p>of-terrestrial-and-marine-areas-protected.ashx, supplemented by http://www.bipindicators.net/paoverlays and the references listed below.unep-wcmc.org/</a>; <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/">http://www.birdlife.org/</a>; <a href="http://www.iucn.org/">http://www.iucn.org/</a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2014). Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas: a global network for conserving nature and benefiting people. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Available at datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/sowbpubs#IBA.</p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2019) World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas.Developed by the KBA Partnership: BirdLife International, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Global Wildlife Conservation, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Wildlife Conservation Society and World Wildlife Fund. September 2019 version. Available at http://keybiodiversity areas.org/sites/search.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T. et al. (2001). Conservation priorities for birds and biodiversity: do East African Important Bird Areas represent species diversity in other terrestrial vertebrate groups? Ostrich suppl. 15: 3&#x2013;12. Available </p>
<p>from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520109485329#.VafbVJPVq75.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T.M. et al. (2016) Goal 15: Life on land. Sustainable manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss. Pp. 497&#x2013;522 in Dur&#xE1;n y Lalaguna, P., D&#xED;az Barrado, C.M. &amp; Fern&#xE1;ndez Liesa, C.R. (eds.) International Society and Sustainable Development Goals. Editorial Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, Spain. Available from: https://www.thomsonreuters.es/es/tienda/pdp/duo.html?pid=10008456</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Available from https://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1187512.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2012). Protecting important sites for biodiversity contributes to meeting global conservation targets. PLoS One 7(3): e32529. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032529.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2015). Shortfalls and solutions for meeting national and global conservation area targets. Conservation Letters 8: 329&#x2013;337. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12158/full.</p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>.</p>
<p>CBD (2018). Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures. Decision 14/8 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Available at <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf">https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020a). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/. </p>
<p>CBD (2020b). Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Scientific and technical information to support the review of the updated Goals and Targets, and related indicators and baselines. Document CBD/SBSTTA/24/3. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf.</p>
<p>CHAPE, S. et al. (2005). Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360: 443&#x2013;445. Available from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/443.short.</p>
<p>DEGUIGNET, M., et al. (2014). 2014 United Nations List of Protected Areas. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from http://unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/263/original/2014_UN_List_of_Protected_Areas_EN_web.PDF?1415613322.</p>
<p>DI MARCO, M., et al. (2016). Quantifying the relative irreplaceability of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas. Conservation Biology 30: 392&#x2013;402. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12609/abstract.</p>
<p>DONALD, P. et al. (2018) Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs): the development and characteristics of a global inventory of key sites for biodiversity. Bird Conserv. Internat. 29:177&#x2013;198.</p>
<p>DUDLEY, N. (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9243.</p>
<p>EDGAR, G.J. et al. (2008). Key Biodiversity AreaBAs as globally significant target sites for the conservation of marine biological diversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18: 969&#x2013;983. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.902/abstract.</p>
<p>EKEN, G. et al. (2004). Key biodiversity areaBAs as site conservation targets. BioScience 54: 1110&#x2013;1118. Available from http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/12/1110.short.</p>
<p>FOSTER, M.N. et al. (2012) The identification of sites of biodiversity conservation significance: progress with the application of a global standard. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4: 2733&#x2013;2744. Available from </p>
<p>https://www.threatenedtaxa.inorg/index.php/JoTT/article/view/779.</p>
<p>Global Administrative Areas (2019). GADM database of Global Administrative Areas, version 2.8. Available from www.gadm.org.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046.</p>
<p>HOLLAND, R.A. et al. (2012). Conservation priorities for freshwater biodiversity: the key biodiversity area approach refined and tested for continental Africa. Biological Conservation 148: 167&#x2013;179. Available from </p>
<p>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712000298.</p>
<p>IUCN (2016). A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259.</p>
<p>IUCN-WCPA Task Force on OECMs (2019). Recognising and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.</p>
<p>JONAS, H.D. et al. (2014) New steps of change: looking beyond protected areas to consider other effective area-based conservation measures. Parks 20: 111&#x2013;128. Available from http://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PARKS-20.2-Jonas-et-al-10.2305IUCN.CH_.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ_.en_.pdf.</p>
<p>KBA Secretariat (2019). Key Biodiversity Areas Proposal Process: Guidance on Proposing, Reviewing, Nominating and Confirming sites. Version 1.0. Prepared by the KBA Secretariat and KBA Committee of the KBA Partnership. Cambridge, UK. Available at <a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/35687f50ac0bcad155ab17447b48885a">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/35687f50ac0bcad155ab17447b48885a</a>. </p>
<p>KNIGHT, A. T. et al. (2007). Improving the Key Biodiversity Areas approach for effective conservation planning. BioScience 57: 256&#x2013;261. Available from </p>
<p>http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/256.short.</p>
<p>LANGHAMMER, P. F. et al. (2007). Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 15. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9055.</p>
<p>LEVERINGTON, F. et al. (2010). A global analysis of protected area management effectiveness. Environmental Management 46: 685&#x2013;698. Available from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-010-</p>
<p>9564-5#page-1.</p>
<p>MONTESINO POUZOLS, F., et al. (2014) Global protected area expansion is compromised by projected land-use and parochialism. Nature 516: 383&#x2013;386. Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7531/abs/nature14032.html.</p>
<p>NOLTE, C. &amp; AGRAWAL, A. (2013). Linking management effectiveness indicators to observed effects of protected areas on fire occurrence in the Amazon rainforest. Conservation Biology 27: 155&#x2013;165. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x/abstract.</p>
<p>PAIN, D.J. et al. (2005) Biodiversity representation in Uganda&#x2019;s forest IBAs. Biological Conservation 125: 133&#x2013;138. Available from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320705001412.</p>
<p>RICKETTS, T. H. et al. (2005). Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 102: 18497&#x2013;18501. Available from http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18497.short.</p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2004). Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428: 640&#x2013;643. Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6983/abs/nature02422.html.</p>
<p>RODR&#xCD;GUEZ-RODR&#xCD;GUEZ, D., et al. (2011). Progress towards international targets for protected area coverage in mountains: a multi-scale assessment. Biological Conservation 144: 2978&#x2013;2983. Available from </p>
<p><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454</a>.</p>
<p>SIMKINS, A.T., PEARMAIN, E.J., &amp; DIAS, M.P. (2020). Code (and documentation) for calculating the protected area coverage of Key Biodiversity Areas. <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/kba-overlap">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/kba-overlap</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from https://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1257484.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC (2019). World Database on Protected Areas User Manual 1.6. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from <a href="http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual">http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual</a>.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC &amp; IUCN (2020). The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from http://www.protectedplanet.net.</p>

<p><strong>Sources of discrepancies:</strong></p>
<p>National processes provide the data that are incorporated into the WDPA, the WDOECM, and the World Database of KBAs, so there are very few discrepancies between national indicators and the global one. One minor source of difference is that the WDPA incorporates internationally-designated protected areas (e.g., UNESCO World Heritage sites, Ramsar sites, etc), a few of which are not considered by their sovereign nations to be protected areas. </p>
<p>Note that because countries do not submit comprehensive data on degazetted protected areas to the WDPA, earlier values of the indictor may marginally underestimate coverage. Furthermore, there is also a lag between the point at which a protected area is designated on the ground and the point at which it is reported to the WDPA. As such, current or recent coverage may also be underestimated.</p>

<p><strong>Sources des écarts :</strong></p>
<p>Les processus nationaux fournissent la grande majorité des données qui sont ensuite agrégées dans la Base de données mondiale sur les aires protégées et la Base de données mondiale sur les zones clés pour la biodiversité, et il y a donc très peu de différences entre les indicateurs nationaux et l'indicateur mondial. Une source mineure de différence est que la Base de données mondiale sur les aires protégées incorpore les aires protégées désignées au niveau international (par exemple, les sites du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO, les sites Ramsar, etc), dont quelques-unes ne sont pas considérées par leurs nations souveraines comme des aires protégées.</p>
<p>Notez que parce que les pays ne soumettent pas de données complètes sur les aires protégées déclassées à la WDPA, les valeurs antérieures de l'indicateur peuvent marginalement sous-estimer la couverture. En outre, il y a également un décalage entre le moment où une zone protégée est désignée sur le terrain et le moment où elle est signalée à la WDPA. Ainsi, la couverture actuelle ou récente peut également être sous-estimée.</p>

<p><strong>Sources of discrepancies:</strong></p>
<p>National processes provide the data that are incorporated into the World Database on Protected Areas, the World Database on Other Effective Area-based Conservation MeasuresDPA, the WDOECM, and the World Database of Key Biodiversity AreaBAs, so there are very few discrepancies between national indicators and the global one. One minor source of difference is that the World Database on Protected AreasDPA incorporates internationally-designated protected areas (e.g., UNESCO World Heritage sites, Ramsar sites, etc), a few of which are not considered by their sovereign nations to be protected areas. </p>
<p>Note that because countries do not submit comprehensive data on degazetted protected areas to the WDPA, earlier values of the indictor may marginally underestimate coverage. Furthermore, there is also a lag between the point at which a protected area is designated on the ground and the point at which it is reported to the WDPA. As such, current or recent coverage may also be underestimated.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>This indicator has been classified by the IAEG-SDGs as Tier 1. Current data are available for all countries in the world, and these are updated on an ongoing basis. Index values for each country are available in the UN SDG Indicators Database <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/">https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/</a>. Graphs of Protected area coverage of KBAs are also available for each country in the BIP Indicators Dashboard (<a href="https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html">https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html</a>), and the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool Country Profiles (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>).</p>
<p>Underlying data on protected areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures are available at <a href="http://www.protectedplanet.net">www.protectedplanet.net</a>. Data on KBAs are available at <a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org">www.keybiodiversityareas.org</a>. Data on subsets of KBAs are available for Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas at <a href="http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/search">http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/search</a> and for Alliance for Zero Extinction sites at https://zeroextinction.org.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>Given that data for the global indicator are compiled at national levels, it is straightforward to disaggregate to national and regional levels (e.g., Han et al. 2014), or conversely to aggregate to the global level. KBAs span all ecosystem types through the marine environment (Edgar et al. 2008) and beyond. The indicator can therefore be reported in combination across marine systems along with terrestrial or freshwater systems, or disaggregated among them. However, individual KBAs can encompass marine, terrestrial, and freshwater systems simultaneously, and so determining the results is not simply additive. </p>

<h1>Disponibilité des données </h1>
<p><strong>Description :</strong></p>
<p>Cet indicateur a été classé par l’IAEG-ODD comme étant de niveau 1. Des données actuelles sont disponibles pour tous les pays du monde, et elles sont mises à jour en permanence.</p>
<p><strong>Séries chronologiques :</strong></p>
<p>~150 ans</p>
<p><strong>Désaggrégation :</strong></p>
<p>Étant donné que les données pour l'indicateur mondial sont compilées au niveau national, il est facile de désagréger aux niveaux national et régional (par exemple, Han et al. 2014), ou inversement d'agréger au niveau mondial. Les zones clés pour la biodiversité couvrent tous les types d'écosystèmes, y compris les milieux marins (Edgar et al. 2008), les eaux douces (Holland et al. 2012) et les montagnes (Rodr&#xED;guez-Rodr&#xED;guez et al. 2011). L'indicateur peut donc être rapporté en combinaison dans les systèmes terrestres et d'eau douce (et même marins), ou désagrégé entre eux. Cependant, les zones clés pour la biodiversité individuelles peuvent englober simultanément des systèmes terrestres, d'eau douce et marins, et la détermination des résultats n'est donc pas simplement additive. Enfin, l'indicateur peut être désagrégé selon les différentes catégories de gestion des aires protégées (catégories I à VI) pour refléter les différents objectifs de gestion spécifiques des aires protégées.</p>
<p>En plus de l'agrégation de la couverture des aires protégées à travers les sites importants pour la biodiversité terrestre et d'eau douce en tant qu'indicateur de l'ODD 15.1, d'autres désagrégations de la couverture des aires protégées particulièrement pertinentes en tant qu'indicateurs des cibles des ODD (Brooks et al. 2016) comprennent :</p>
<p>O DD14.5.1 Couverture des zones protégées par rapport aux zones marines.</p>
<p>ODD 15.4.1 Couverture par les aires protégées des sites importants pour la biodiversité des montagnes.</p>
<p>Les données sur la couverture des zones protégées peuvent être combinées avec d'autres sources de données pour produire d'autres indicateurs complémentaires. Par exemple, la superposition des aires protégées avec des cartes écorégionales peut être utilisée pour fournir des informations sur la couverture par les aires protégées de différentes grandes régions biogéographiques. La couverture par les aires protégées des distributions de différents groupes d'espèces (par exemple, les mammifères, les oiseaux, les amphibiens) peut également fournir des indicateurs des tendances de la couverture de la biodiversité au niveau des espèces. La couverture des zones protégées peut être combinée avec l'indice de la liste rouge pour générer des indicateurs de l'impact des zones protégées sur la réduction de la perte de biodiversité (Butchart et al. 2012). Enfin, les indicateurs dérivés de la superposition des zones protégées peuvent également informer le développement urbain durable ; par exemple, la superposition des zones protégées sur les cartes urbaines pourrait fournir un indicateur de l'espace public en tant que proportion de l'espace global de la ville.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>This indicator has been classified by the IAEG-SDGs as Tier 1. Current data are available for all countries in the world, and these are updated on an ongoing basis. Index values for each country are available in the UN SDG Indicators Database <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/">https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/</a>. Graphs of Protected area coverage of Key Biodiversity AreaBAs are also available for each country in the BIP Indicators Dashboard (<a href="https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html">https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html</a>), and the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool Country Profiles (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>).</p>
<p>Underlying data on protected areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures are available at <a href="http://www.protectedplanet.net">www.protectedplanet.net</a>. Data on Key Biodiversity AreaBAs are available at <a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org">www.keybiodiversityareas.org</a>. Data on subsets of KBAs are available for Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas at <a href="http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/search">http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/search</a> and for Alliance for Zero Extinction sites at https://zeroextinction.org.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>Given that data for the global indicator are compiled at national levels, it is straightforward to disaggregate to national and regional levels (e.g., Han et al. 2014), or conversely to aggregate to the global level. Key Biodiversity AreaBAs span all ecosystem types through the marine environment (Edgar et al. 2008) and beyond. The indicator can therefore be reported in combination across marine systems along with terrestrial or freshwater systems, or disaggregated among them. However, individual Key Biodiversity AreaBAs can encompass marine, terrestrial, and freshwater systems simultaneously, and so determining the results is not simply additive. </p>

<p>High.</p>
<p>Each custodian agency is responsible for quality management of their own database.<br>Quality assessment of the indicator is shared between the indicator custodian agencies.</p>

<p>Élevée.</p>

<p>High.</p> <p>Each custodian agency is responsible for quality management of their own database.<br>Quality assessment of the indicator is shared between the indicator custodian agencies.</p>

<p>Information on the process of how protected area data are collected, standardised and published is available in the WDPA User Manual at: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual</a> which is available in English, French and Spanish. Specific guidance is provided at <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas</a> on, for example, predefined fields or look up tables in the WDPA: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables</a>, how WDPA records are coded how international designations and regional designations data is collected, how regularly is the database updated, and how to perform protected areas coverage statistics. </p>
<p>Data quality in the process of identifying KBAs is ensured through processes established by the <a href="https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/working-with-kbas/programme/partnership">KBA Partnership</a> and KBA Secretariat. Data quality is ensured through wide stakeholder engagement in the KBA proposal process, data checking by Regional Focal Points, formal Review of KBA Proposals by independent Reviewers, and validation of Nominations by the KBA Secretariat. </p>
<p>In addition, the Chairs of the IUCN Species Survival Commission and World Commission on Protected Areas (both of whom are elected by the IUCN Membership of governments and non-governmental organisations), appoint the Chair of an independent KBA Standards and Appeals Committee, which ensures the correct application of the Global Standard for the identification of KBA, and oversees a formal Procedure for handling of appeals against the identification of KBAs (see http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/1b388c918e14c5f4c3d7a0237eb0d366).</p>
<p>Before submission to the UN SDG Indicators database the annually updated indicators of coverage of KBAs by protected areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures are incorporated into updated Country Profiles on the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>) and then sent for consultation to National Focal Points of the Convention on Biological Diversity (<a href="https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml">https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml</a>), National Statistics Offices SDG Representatives and UN Permanent Missions (Geneva) representatives. </p>

<p><strong>Assurance de la qualité :</strong></p>
<p>Le processus de collecte, de normalisation et de publication des données est disponible dans le manuel d'utilisation de la WDPA à l'adresse suivante : <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual</a> qui est disponible en anglais, français et espagnol. Des conseils spécifiques sont fournis à l'adresse <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas</a> sur, par exemple, les champs prédéfinis ou les tables de recherche dans la WDPA : <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables</a>, comment les enregistrements de la WDPA sont codés, comment les données sur les désignations internationales et régionales sont collectées, à quelle fréquence la base de données est mise à jour et comment réaliser des statistiques sur la couverture des zones protégées. </p>
<p>Le processus d'identification des zones clés pour la biodiversité est soutenu par le partenariat des zones clés pour la biodiversité (<a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/kba-partners">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/kba-partners</a>). Parmi les rôles du partenariat figure la mise en place du Secrétariat des zones clés pour la biodiversité, qui vérifie les informations soumises lors de la phase de désignation des sites pour s'assurer de l'application correcte de la norme relative aux zones clés pour la biodiversité (<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259</a>), et de l'adéquation de la documentation du site, puis vérifie le site, qui est ensuite publié sur le site Web des zones clés pour la biodiversité (<a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/get-involved">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/get-involved</a>). En outre, les présidents de la Commission de la sauvegarde des espèces de l’UICN et de la Commission mondiale des aires protégées (qui sont tous deux élus par les membres de l’UICN des gouvernements et des organisations non gouvernementales) nomment le président d’un Comité indépendant des normes et d’appels des zones clés de biodiversité, qui assure l’application correcte de la Norme mondiale pour l’identification des zones clés de biodiversité. Le code R pour le calcul de la couverture des zones protégées des zones clés pour la biodiversité est documenté comme Dias, M. (2017) &#x201C;Code R pour le calcul de la couverture des zones protégées des ZCB&#x201D; (<a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/userfiles/files/R_code_for_calculating_protected_area_coverage_of_KBAs_March_2017.pdf">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/userfiles/files/R_code_for_calculating_protected_area_coverage_of_KBAs_March_2017.pdf</a>).</p>
<p>Outre la diffusion via le site Web de Protected Planet (<a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/">https://www.protectedplanet.net/</a>), le processus de la liste des Nations Unies décrit au point 3.1, le fait que les données sur les aires protégées sont collectées auprès d'organismes nationaux reconnus dans les métadonnées de la WDPA, et le site Web des zones clés pour la biodiversité (<a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/home">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/home</a>), les données de Protected Planet et des zones clés pour la biodiversité sont diffusées via l'outil d'évaluation intégrée de la biodiversité, disponible en ligne pour la recherche et la conservation (<a href="https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/">https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/</a>). Cet outil intègre les profils nationaux de tous les pays du monde, qui comprennent une documentation sur l'indicateur de couverture des zones protégées des zones clés pour la biodiversité. Chaque mise à jour annuelle de ces profils nationaux est envoyée pour consultation aux points focaux nationaux de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (<a href="https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml">https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml</a>), aux représentants des OMD des bureaux nationaux de statistiques et aux représentants des missions permanentes des Nations Unies (Genève.)</p>