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Imagine, for example, that you mistakenly deleted the <command>dpkg</command> program, and that you could thus no longer install Debian packages. <command>dpkg</command> being a Debian package itself, it would seem your system would be done for... Fortunately, you know the format of a package and can therefore <ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download</ulink> the <filename>.deb</filename> file of the <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> package and install it manually (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />). If by some misfortune one or more of the programs <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command> or <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> have disappeared, you will only need to copy the missing program from another system (since each of these operates in a completely autonomous manner, without dependencies, a simple copy will suffice). If your system suffered some even more outrageous fortune, and even these don't work (maybe the deepest system libraries are missing?), you should try the static version of <command>busybox</command> (provided in the <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> package), which is even more self-contained, and provides subcommands such as <command>busybox ar</command>, <command>busybox tar</command> and <command>busybox xz</command>.
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Structure of a Binary Package
二进制包的结构
<primary>package</primary><secondary>binary package</secondary><seealso><filename>.deb</filename></seealso>
<primary>package</primary><secondary>二进制包</secondary><seealso><filename>.deb</filename></seealso>
<primary><command>ar</command></primary>
<primary><command>ar</command></primary>
<primary><command>dpkg</command></primary>
<primary><command>dpkg</command></primary>
The Debian package format is designed so that its content may be extracted on any Unix system that has the classic commands <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command>, and <command>xz</command> or sometimes <command>gzip</command> or <command>bzip2</command>. This seemingly trivial property is important for portability and disaster recovery.
Debian 软件包格式被这样设计，在具有经典命令如 <command>ar</command>、<command>tar</command> 和 <command>xz</command> 或者有时候是 <command>gzip</command> 或 <command>bzip2</command>的 Unix 系统上，它的内容都可以被解压。这是个看起来琐碎的属性对移植和灾难恢复是非常重要的。
Imagine, for example, that you mistakenly deleted the <command>dpkg</command> program, and that you could thus no longer install Debian packages. <command>dpkg</command> being a Debian package itself, it would seem your system would be done for... Fortunately, you know the format of a package and can therefore <ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download</ulink> the <filename>.deb</filename> file of the <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> package and install it manually (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />). If by some misfortune one or more of the programs <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command> or <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> have disappeared, you will only need to copy the missing program from another system (since each of these operates in a completely autonomous manner, without dependencies, a simple copy will suffice). If your system suffered some even more outrageous fortune, and even these don't work (maybe the deepest system libraries are missing?), you should try the static version of <command>busybox</command> (provided in the <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> package), which is even more self-contained, and provides subcommands such as <command>busybox ar</command>, <command>busybox tar</command> and <command>busybox xz</command>.
想象一下，例如您误删了<command>dpkg</command> 程序，因此无法再安装 Debian 软件包了。 <command>dpkg</command> 本身作为一个 Debian 软件包，看起来系统似乎完蛋了... 幸运的是，您知道软件包的格式，这样可以<ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">下载</ulink> <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> 软件包的 <filename>.deb</filename> 文件，并手动安装（请参见侧边栏 <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />）。某些不幸的情况下，一个或多个 <command>ar</command>、 <command>tar</command> 或者 <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> 程序丢失了，您仅需从其它系统上直接复制缺失的程序（因为它们中的任一个都独立工作而没有依赖的问题，因此简单复制足矣）。如果您的系统出现了更加反常的问题，甚至以上手段无法奏效（可能是最深处的系统库文件丢失？），您应当尝试 <command>busybox</command>的静态版本 （在 <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> 软件包中提供），它更加独立化，并能提供如下子命令：<command>busybox ar</command>、<command>busybox tar</command> 和 <command>busybox xz</command>。
<emphasis>In case of a misfortune you better also have a backup of your system (see <xref linkend="sect.backup" />).</emphasis>
<emphasis>为了避免不幸的情况，你最好做一下备份系统（请参考<xref linkend="sect.backup" />）。</emphasis>
<emphasis>TOOLS</emphasis> <command>dpkg</command>, <command>APT</command> and <command>ar</command>
<emphasis>工具</emphasis> <command>dpkg</command>、<command>APT</command> 和 <command>ar</command>
<primary><command>apt</command></primary>
<primary><command>apt</command></primary>
<primary>APT</primary><secondary><command>apt</command>, command</secondary><see><command>apt</command></see>
<primary>APT</primary><secondary><command>apt</command> 命令</secondary><see><command>apt</command></see>
<primary>Advanced Packaging Tool</primary><seealso>APT</seealso>
<primary>高级打包工具</primary><seealso>APT</seealso>

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User avatar tonywang5

Translation changed

  1. Debian Handbook
  2. 05_packaging-system
  3. Chinese (Simplified)
Imagine, for example, that you mistakenly deleted the <command>dpkg</command> program, and that you could thus no longer install Debian packages. <command>dpkg</command> being a Debian package itself, it would seem your system would be done for... Fortunately, you know the format of a package and can therefore <ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download</ulink> the <filename>.deb</filename> file of the <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> package and install it manually (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />). If by some misfortune one or more of the programs <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command> or <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> have disappeared, you will only need to copy the missing program from another system (since each of these operates in a completely autonomous manner, without dependencies, a simple copy will suffice). If your system suffered some even more outrageous fortune, and even these don't work (maybe the deepest system libraries are missing?), you should try the static version of <command>busybox</command> (provided in the <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> package), which is even more self-contained, and provides subcommands such as <command>busybox ar</command>, <command>busybox tar</command> and <command>busybox xz</command>.
想象一下，例如您误删了<command>dpkg</command> 程序，因此无法再安装 Debian 软件包了。 <command>dpkg</command> 本身作为一个 Debian 软件包，看起来系统似乎完蛋了... 幸运的是，您知道软件包的格式，这样可以<ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">下载</ulink> <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> 软件包的 <filename>.deb</filename> 文件，并手动安装（请参见侧边栏 <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />）。某些不幸的情况下，一个或多个 <command>ar</command>、 <command>tar</command> 或者 <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> 程序丢失了，您仅需从其它系统上直接复制缺失的程序（因为它们中的任一个都独立工作而没有依赖性的问题，因此简单复制足矣）。如果您的系统出现了更加反常的问题，甚至以上手段无法奏效（可能是最深处的系统库文件丢失？），您应当尝试 <command>busybox</command>的静态版本 （在 <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> 软件包中提供），它更加独立化，并能提供如下子命令：<command>busybox ar</command>、<command>busybox tar</command> 和 <command>busybox xz</command>。
3 years ago
User avatar keenkwuo

Translation changed

  1. Debian Handbook
  2. 05_packaging-system
  3. Chinese (Simplified)
Imagine, for example, that you mistakenly deleted the <command>dpkg</command> program, and that you could thus no longer install Debian packages. <command>dpkg</command> being a Debian package itself, it would seem your system would be done for... Fortunately, you know the format of a package and can therefore <ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download</ulink> the <filename>.deb</filename> file of the <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> package and install it manually (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />). If by some misfortune one or more of the programs <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command> or <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> have disappeared, you will only need to copy the missing program from another system (since each of these operates in a completely autonomous manner, without dependencies, a simple copy will suffice). If your system suffered some even more outrageous fortune, and even these don't work (maybe the deepest system libraries are missing?), you should try the static version of <command>busybox</command> (provided in the <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> package), which is even more self-contained, and provides subcommands such as <command>busybox ar</command>, <command>busybox tar</command> and <command>busybox xz</command>.
想象一下，例如您误删了<command>dpkg</command> 程序，因此无法再安装 Debian 软件包了。 <command>dpkg</command> 本身作为一个 Debian 软件包，看起来系统似乎完蛋了... 幸运的是，您知道软件包的格式，这样可以<ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download下载</ulink>（下载） <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> 软件包的 <filename>.deb</filename> 文件，并手动安装（请参见侧边栏 <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />）。某些不幸的情况下，一个或多个 <command>ar</command>、 <command>tar</command> 或者 <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> 程序丢失了，您仅需从其它系统上直接复制缺失的程序（因为它们中的任一个都独立工作而没有依赖性的问题，因此简单复制足矣）。如果您的系统出现了更加反常的问题，甚至以上手段无法奏效（可能是最深处的系统库文件丢失？），您应当尝试 <command>busybox</command>的静态版本 （在 <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> 软件包中提供），它更加独立化，并能提供如下子命令：<command>busybox ar</command>、<command>busybox tar</command> 和 <command>busybox xz</command>。
3 years ago
User avatar tonywang5

Translation changed

  1. Debian Handbook
  2. 05_packaging-system
  3. Chinese (Simplified)
Imagine, for example, that you mistakenly deleted the <command>dpkg</command> program, and that you could thus no longer install Debian packages. <command>dpkg</command> being a Debian package itself, it would seem your system would be done for... Fortunately, you know the format of a package and can therefore <ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download</ulink> the <filename>.deb</filename> file of the <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> package and install it manually (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />). If by some misfortune one or more of the programs <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command> or <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> have disappeared, you will only need to copy the missing program from another system (since each of these operates in a completely autonomous manner, without dependencies, a simple copy will suffice). If your system suffered some even more outrageous fortune, and even these don't work (maybe the deepest system libraries are missing?), you should try the static version of <command>busybox</command> (provided in the <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> package), which is even more self-contained, and provides subcommands such as <command>busybox ar</command>, <command>busybox tar</command> and <command>busybox xz</command>.
想象一下，比例如您误删了<command>dpkg</command> 程序，因此无法再安装 Debian 软件包了。 <command>dpkg</command> 本身作为一个 Debian 软件包，看起来系统似乎完蛋了... 幸运的是，您如何 从官网知道软件包的格式，这样可以<ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">搜索download</ulink>并（下载） <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> 包软件包的 <filename>.deb</filename> 文件，并手动安装（请参见侧边栏 <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />）。某些不幸的情况下，一个或多个程序 <command>ar</command>、 <command>tar</command> 或者 <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> 程序丢失了，您仅需从其他它系统上直接复制缺失的程序（因为它们中的任一个都以独立工作而没有依赖问题性的问题，因此简单复制足矣）。如果您的系统出现了更加不幸反常的问题，甚至以上手段无法奏效（可能是最深处的系统库文件丢失？），您应当尝试一下 <command>busybox</command>的静态版本 （在 <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> 软件包中提供），它更加独立化，并能提供如下子命令：<command>busybox ar</command>、<command>busybox tar</command> 、和 <command>busybox gunzipxz</command>。
3 years ago
User avatar a527408965

Marked for edit

  1. Debian Handbook
  2. 05_packaging-system
  3. Chinese (Simplified)
Imagine, for example, that you mistakenly deleted the <command>dpkg</command> program, and that you could thus no longer install Debian packages. <command>dpkg</command> being a Debian package itself, it would seem your system would be done for... Fortunately, you know the format of a package and can therefore <ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download</ulink> the <filename>.deb</filename> file of the <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> package and install it manually (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />). If by some misfortune one or more of the programs <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command> or <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> have disappeared, you will only need to copy the missing program from another system (since each of these operates in a completely autonomous manner, without dependencies, a simple copy will suffice). If your system suffered some even more outrageous fortune, and even these don't work (maybe the deepest system libraries are missing?), you should try the static version of <command>busybox</command> (provided in the <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> package), which is even more self-contained, and provides subcommands such as <command>busybox ar</command>, <command>busybox tar</command> and <command>busybox xz</command>.
想象一下，比如您误删了<command>dpkg</command> 程序，您因此不能无法再安装 Debian 软件包了。 <command>dpkg</command> 本身作为一个 Debian 软件包，它看起来像是系统应该做的系统似乎完蛋了... 幸运的是，您知晓软件包的格式，如何 从官网<ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">搜索</ulink>并下载 <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> 包 <filename>.deb</filename> d文件，并手动安装（参见侧边栏<xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />）。如在某些不幸的情况下，一个或多个程序 <command>ar</command>、 <command>tar</command> 或者 <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> 丢失踪了，您只能仅需从其他系统直接复制丢缺失的程序（因为它们中的任一个都以全自动方式工作，独立工作而没有依赖问题，简单复制即可）。如果您的系统出现了更加不幸的问题，甚至以上手段无法奏效（可能是深处的系统库文件丢失？），您应当试一下 <command>busybox</command>的静态版本 （在 <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> 包中提供），它更加独立化，并能提供如下子命令：<command>busybox ar</command>、<command>busybox tar</command> 、<command>busybox gunzip</command>。
3 years ago
User avatar None

Source string changed

  1. Debian Handbook
  2. 05_packaging-system
  3. Chinese (Simplified)
Imagine, for example, that you mistakenly deleted the <command>dpkg</command> program, and that you could thus no longer install Debian packages. <command>dpkg</command> being a Debian package itself, it would seem your system would be done for... Fortunately, you know the format of a package and can therefore download<ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download</ulink> the <filename>.deb</filename> file of the <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> package and install it manually (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />). If by some misfortune one or more of the programs <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command> or <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> have disappeared, you will only need to copy the missing program from another system (since each of these operates in a completely autonomous manner, without dependencies, a simple copy will suffice). If your system suffered some even more outrageous fortune, and even these don't work (maybe the deepest system libraries are missing?), you should try the static version of <command>busybox</command> (provided in the <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> package), which is even more self-contained, and provides subcommands such as <command>busybox ar</command>, <command>busybox tar</command> and <command>busybox gunzipxz</command>.
3 years ago
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