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	The scripts from [reproducible-apk-tools](https://github.com/obfusk/reproducible-apk-tools) (available in fdroiddata as a `srclib`) may help to make builds reproducible, e.g. by fixing newlines (CRLF vs LF) or making ZIP ordering deterministic, if removing the cause of the differences is not a realistic option. Depending on specifics, these scripts need to be used by upstream developers before signing their APKs, by the fdroiddata recipe, or both.
	Originally created to inject non-determinism in build processes, [disorderfs](https://salsa.debian.org/reproducible-builds/disorderfs) can also do the opposite: make reading from the filesystem deterministic. In some cases this can make e.g. `resources.arsc` reproducible. Here is an example from an existing recipe:
	$ mv my.app my.app_underlying $ disorderfs --sort-dirents=yes --reverse-dirents=no my.app_underlying my.app
	Potential sources of unreproducible builds
	There are various ways builds can be unreproducible. Some are relatively easy to avoid, others are hard to fix. We've tried to list some common sources below.
	See also [this GitLab issue](https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/issues/2816).	git clone https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata.git
	Bug: Android Studio builds have non-deterministic ZIP ordering
	[Non-deterministic order of ZIP entries in APK makes builds not reproducible](https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/265653160) (may require a Google account to view).
	NB: this should be fixed in Android Gradle plugin (`com.android.tools.build:gradle` / `com.android.application`) `7.1.X` and later.
	When building APKs with Android Studio, the ordering of the ZIP entries in the APK can be different from that of APKs built by invoking `gradle` directly, affecting reproducibility; the ordering can be completely non-deterministic, even differing between different builds of the same source code.
	A workaround for older versions is to invoke `gradle` directly (as during F-Droid or CI builds), bypassing Android Studio:

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md-text

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_docs/Reproducible_Builds.md

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a year ago

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po/_docs.ar.po, string 1521