Trail Sense/Trail Sense User Guide — English @ Hosted Weblate

83	Strings	100%	Browse Translate
44,048	Words	100%
257,512	Characters	100%

Strings Words Characters
83 44,048 257,512	All strings	Browse Translate Zen
83 44,048 257,512	Read-only strings	Browse Translate Zen
7 7,924 45,001	Strings with any failing checks	Browse Translate Zen
1 363 2,086	Failing check: Unpluralised	Browse Translate Zen
2 1,917 10,729	Failing check: Ellipsis	Browse Translate Zen
4 5,644 32,186	Failing check: Multiple failing checks	Browse Translate Zen
83 44,048 257,512	Strings without a label	Browse Translate Zen

Component	Translated	Unfinished	Unfinished words	Unfinished characters	Untranslated	Checks	Suggestions	Comments
Trail Sense Android MIT	100%	0	0	0	0	927	1	11

Trail Sense Store Metadata MIT	100%	0	0	0	0	6	0	0

Project website	kylecorry.com/Trail-Sense
Instructions for translators	https://github.com/kylecorry31/Trail-Sense#contributing
Project maintainers	kylecorry31
Translation license	MIT License
Translation process	Translations can be made directly. Translation suggestions can be made. Any authenticated user can contribute. The translation uses monolingual files. The translation base language can not be edited.
Source code repository	`https://github.com/kylecorry31/Trail-Sense`
Repository branch	main
Last remote commit	Update disclaimer `7708b6cc3` kylecorry31 authored an hour ago
Last commit in Weblate	Translated using Weblate (Dutch) `798334a78` ojppe authored 7 hours ago
Weblate repository	`https://hosted.weblate.org/git/trail-sense/trail-sense-android/`
File mask	`guides/*`
Monolingual base language file	`guides/en-US`
Translation file	Download `guides/en-US`
Last change	Feb. 18, 2025, 10:35 p.m.
Last change made by	None
Language	English
Language code	en
Text direction	Left to right
Case sensitivity	Case-sensitive
Number of speakers	1,728,900,209
Number of plurals	2
Plural type	One/other
Plurals	Singular	1
Plural	0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, …
Plural formula	`n != 1`

	Strings percent	Hosted strings	Words percent	Hosted words	Characters percent	Hosted characters
Total		83		44,048		257,512
Translated	100%	83	100%	44,048	100%	257,512
Needs editing	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
Read-only	100%	83	100%	44,048	100%	257,512
Failing checks	8%	7	17%	7,924	17%	45,001
Strings with suggestions	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
Untranslated strings	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0

None Resource updated Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	The “`guides/en-US`” file was changed. an hour ago
None String updated in the repository Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	English %% K: overview, survival, situation, rescue, lost %% %% S: Be prepared, stop if lost, and think before acting. %% This guide covers essential survival skills needed to return safely from a survival situation. It is not a substitute for professional training or experience and should only be used as a reference. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill %% %% S: Bring a survival kit with you on all trips, and let others know your plans. Learn how to act in a survival situation and signal for help. %% Tell someone your plans, so they can get help if you don't come back on time. Stick to your planned route and avoid taking unnecessary risks. ### Gear Necessities: - Cell phone - Money - Whistle - Spare batteries (for flashlight) and a battery pack for your phone - Assorted bandages - Gauze - Surgical tape - Safety pin or needle - Tweezers - Antibiotic ointment - Sunscreen - Insect repellent - Prescription medications, contact lenses, and glasses - Pain relievers (aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen) - Hand sanitizer - Epinephrine auto-injector (if you have severe allergies) - Asthma inhaler (if you have asthma) - Water (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra) - For longer trips, bring a water purification method and plan your route to include water sources. - Water containers (ensure you have a container that you can boil water in) - Food (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra). Some good options include: - Nuts - Seeds - Dried fruit - Jerky - Energy bars - Dehydrated meals (with extra water) - Canned food (with a can opener if needed) - Knife or multi-tool - Bear bag or canister - Emergency space blanket - Poncho - Change of clothing - Extra socks - Boots or sturdy shoes - Sunglasses - Cordage (paracord) - Sewing kit (needle and thread) - In colder climates: - Insulating layers (jacket, pants, hat, gloves) - Waterproof outer layer - Waterproof or insulated boots - Thermal underlayers - Hand warmers - For overnight stays: - Sleeping bag - Sleeping pad - Tent - Tarp - Map - Compass - Flashlight or headlamp - 7-day weather forecast Optional: - Signal mirror See each chapter for additional gear recommendations. ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Follow local laws and regulations. - Act in a survival situation. - Signal for help. - Plan a trip. See each chapter for additional knowledge and skills recommendations. ## What to do in a survival situation %% K: steps, stop, think, observe, plan, act %% %% S: Stop, think, observe, plan, and then act. In many cases, the plan may be to stay where you are and wait for help. %% If you find yourself in a survival situation, don't panic and follow these steps. ### Stop If you are lost and not in immediate danger, stop moving. Continuing to move can make it harder for rescuers to find you. If you are panicing, take a few deep breaths to calm down. If that doesn't help, see the Medical chapter for more tips. If you have a GPS receiver or smartphone, note your current location and place a waypoint or beacon. This will help you find your way back if you move around. ### Think Take a moment to think about your situation. Answer the following questions: - What are your immediate needs? - What resources do you have available? - Did you tell someone your plans before you left? If so, when are they expecting you back? - Which way did you come from? ### Observe Next, observe your surroundings and assess your situation: - Check for any potential hazards or resources that could help you. - Check your smartphone or GPS receiver for your last known location. - Check your cell phone for a signal. - Listen for people or vehicles. ### Plan Make a plan for your next steps. Here's some general advice: - If it is close to dark, set up a shelter and maybe a fire. - If you are injured, treat your injuries. - If you are lost, try to determine your location using a map or GPS. - If it is hot, find shade and water. - If it is cold, get warm through insulation, shelter, and fire. - Tie a bright piece of clothing to a nearby tree and search the nearby area for signs of a trail. Keep the marker in sight at all times. You may also use a GPS receiver to return to your starting point; just ensure the batteries are charged. - If you are lost, it may be best to stay put and wait for help. Try to signal for help and make yourself visible to rescuers. ### Act Once you have a plan, act on it. If at any point you feel unsafe, nervous, or unsure, stop and reassess your situation. ## Planning a trip %% K: plan, trip %% %% S: Research the terrain, weather, and wildlife before going out. Plan a route on a map and bring the necessary supplies. Share this plan with someone you trust. %% Proper planning is crucial for a safe and enjoyable hiking experience. Here are some steps to help you prepare: 1. Research the terrain, weather conditions, wildlife, and plants you might encounter. Also, look into local regulations and any permits you may need. 2. Using a map, plan your route. Be sure to consider trail conditions and alternate routes. 3. Pack the necessary gear and supplies. See the "Be prepared" section for a list of essential items. Check all your gear before you leave. 4. Check the weather forecast and adjust your plans accordingly. 5. Share your itinerary with a trusted person. Include your planned route, expected return time, and check-in times. ## Signaling for help %% K: signal, help, contact, call, text, phone, whistle, mirror, smoke, flare, flashlight, ground-to-air %% %% S: Try your cell phone, it may be able to make emergency calls. Otherwise, use a whistle, signal mirror, smoke, flares, flashlight, or ground-to-air signals to attract attention. %% ### Cell phone Many phones can call emergency services even without a signal from your carrier. If you can't make a call, try sending a text message. Check your phone periodically to see if you have a signal, but otherwise keep it off or in airplane mode to conserve battery. You may get a better signal by climbing to higher ground or moving to an open area. ### Whistle Three short blasts are the universal signal for help. You may want to cover your ears when using the whistle at full volume. ### Signal mirror Hold the mirror with one hand and extend your other arm in front of you with your fingers in a V-shape. Reflect sunlight onto your fingers and slowly move the mirror to direct the reflected light toward potential rescuers or aircraft. ### Smoke Smoke can attract attention during the day. You can create a lot of smoke by burning green vegetation. Be sure to do this safely. ### Flares Flares are best seen at night or in low-visibility conditions. Follow the instructions on the flare packaging and be aware of any legal restrictions on their use. ### Flashlight At night, a flashlight can be used to signal for help. Use the international distress signal, SOS, which is three short flashes, three long flashes, and three short flashes. If you don't remember the SOS signal, flash the light repeatedly in groups of three. Aim it in the direction of aircraft or other potential rescuers. ### Ground-to-air signals Ground-to-air signals are large markers you create on the ground to communicate with aircraft. Use rocks, logs, or other materials to create a large "V" (means you require assistance) or an "X" (means you require medical assistance). Use contrasting or artificial colors to make the signal more visible. ## Disclaimer This guide is provided for informational purposes only, and neither the author, publisher, or any contributors guarantee its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. By using this guide, you acknowledge that outdoor activities involve risks, and you do so at your own risk, agreeing to hold harmless and indemnify the author, publisher, and any contributors from any claims or damages arising from your use of this guide. Always consult professionals for advice specific to your situation, as this guide does not substitute for professional guidance. Furthermore, be aware that local laws and regulations may affect the legal use of the techniques described herein, and compliance is your responsibility. English 575 characters edited Current translation Read-only %% K: overview, survival, situation, rescue, lost %% %% S: Be prepared, stop if lost, and think before acting. %% This guide covers essential survival skills needed to return safely from a survival situation. It is not a substitute for professional training or experience and should only be used as a reference. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill %% %% S: Bring a survival kit with you on all trips, and let others know your plans. Learn how to act in a survival situation and signal for help. %% Tell someone your plans, so they can get help if you don't come back on time. Stick to your planned route and avoid taking unnecessary risks. ### Gear Necessities: - Cell phone - Money - Whistle - Spare batteries (for flashlight) and a battery pack for your phone - Assorted bandages - Gauze - Surgical tape - Safety pin or needle - Tweezers - Antibiotic ointment - Sunscreen - Insect repellent - Prescription medications, contact lenses, and glasses - Pain relievers (aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen) - Hand sanitizer - Epinephrine auto-injector (if you have severe allergies) - Asthma inhaler (if you have asthma) - Water (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra) - For longer trips, bring a water purification method and plan your route to include water sources. - Water containers (ensure you have a container that you can boil water in) - Food (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra). Some good options include: - Nuts - Seeds - Dried fruit - Jerky - Energy bars - Dehydrated meals (with extra water) - Canned food (with a can opener if needed) - Knife or multi-tool - Bear bag or canister - Emergency space blanket - Poncho - Change of clothing - Extra socks - Boots or sturdy shoes - Sunglasses - Cordage (paracord) - Sewing kit (needle and thread) - In colder climates: - Insulating layers (jacket, pants, hat, gloves) - Waterproof outer layer - Waterproof or insulated boots - Thermal underlayers - Hand warmers - For overnight stays: - Sleeping bag - Sleeping pad - Tent - Tarp - Map - Compass - Flashlight or headlamp - 7-day weather forecast Optional: - Signal mirror See each chapter for additional gear recommendations. ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Follow local laws and regulations. - Act in a survival situation. - Signal for help. - Plan a trip. See each chapter for additional knowledge and skills recommendations. ## What to do in a survival situation %% K: steps, stop, think, observe, plan, act %% %% S: Stop, think, observe, plan, and then act. In many cases, the plan may be to stay where you are and wait for help. %% If you find yourself in a survival situation, don't panic and follow these steps. ### Stop If you are lost and not in immediate danger, stop moving. Continuing to move can make it harder for rescuers to find you. If you are panicing, take a few deep breaths to calm down. If that doesn't help, see the Medical chapter for more tips. If you have a GPS receiver or smartphone, note your current location and place a waypoint or beacon. This will help you find your way back if you move around. ### Think Take a moment to think about your situation. Answer the following questions: - What are your immediate needs? - What resources do you have available? - Did you tell someone your plans before you left? If so, when are they expecting you back? - Which way did you come from? ### Observe Next, observe your surroundings and assess your situation: - Check for any potential hazards or resources that could help you. - Check your smartphone or GPS receiver for your last known location. - Check your cell phone for a signal. - Listen for people or vehicles. ### Plan Make a plan for your next steps. Here's some general advice: - If it is close to dark, set up a shelter and maybe a fire. - If you are injured, treat your injuries. - If you are lost, try to determine your location using a map or GPS. - If it is hot, find shade and water. - If it is cold, get warm through insulation, shelter, and fire. - Tie a bright piece of clothing to a nearby tree and search the nearby area for signs of a trail. Keep the marker in sight at all times. You may also use a GPS receiver to return to your starting point; just ensure the batteries are charged. - If you are lost, it may be best to stay put and wait for help. Try to signal for help and make yourself visible to rescuers. ### Act Once you have a plan, act on it. If at any point you feel unsafe, nervous, or unsure, stop and reassess your situation. ## Planning a trip %% K: plan, trip %% %% S: Research the terrain, weather, and wildlife before going out. Plan a route on a map and bring the necessary supplies. Share this plan with someone you trust. %% Proper planning is crucial for a safe and enjoyable hiking experience. Here are some steps to help you prepare: 1. Research the terrain, weather conditions, wildlife, and plants you might encounter. Also, look into local regulations and any permits you may need. 2. Using a map, plan your route. Be sure to consider trail conditions and alternate routes. 3. Pack the necessary gear and supplies. See the "Be prepared" section for a list of essential items. Check all your gear before you leave. 4. Check the weather forecast and adjust your plans accordingly. 5. Share your itinerary with a trusted person. Include your planned route, expected return time, and check-in times. ## Signaling for help %% K: signal, help, contact, call, text, phone, whistle, mirror, smoke, flare, flashlight, ground-to-air %% %% S: Try your cell phone, it may be able to make emergency calls. Otherwise, use a whistle, signal mirror, smoke, flares, flashlight, or ground-to-air signals to attract attention. %% ### Cell phone Many phones can call emergency services even without a signal from your carrier. If you can't make a call, try sending a text message. Check your phone periodically to see if you have a signal, but otherwise keep it off or in airplane mode to conserve battery. You may get a better signal by climbing to higher ground or moving to an open area. ### Whistle Three short blasts are the universal signal for help. You may want to cover your ears when using the whistle at full volume. ### Signal mirror Hold the mirror with one hand and extend your other arm in front of you with your fingers in a V-shape. Reflect sunlight onto your fingers and slowly move the mirror to direct the reflected light toward potential rescuers or aircraft. ### Smoke Smoke can attract attention during the day. You can create a lot of smoke by burning green vegetation. Be sure to do this safely. ### Flares Flares are best seen at night or in low-visibility conditions. Follow the instructions on the flare packaging and be aware of any legal restrictions on their use. ### Flashlight At night, a flashlight can be used to signal for help. Use the international distress signal, SOS, which is three short flashes, three long flashes, and three short flashes. If you don't remember the SOS signal, flash the light repeatedly in groups of three. Aim it in the direction of aircraft or other potential rescuers. ### Ground-to-air signals Ground-to-air signals are large markers you create on the ground to communicate with aircraft. Use rocks, logs, or other materials to create a large "V" (means you require assistance) or an "X" (means you require medical assistance). Use contrasting or artificial colors to make the signal more visible. ## Disclaimer This guide is ~~for educ~~provided for informational purposes only. The author makes no guarantees about the accuracy, safety, or reliability of the information provided. Wilderness survival, foraging, and first aid involve inherent risks, and readers assume full responsibility for their actions. This guide is not a substitute for professional medical advic, and neither the author, publisher, or any contributors guarantee its accuracy or suitability for any purpose. By using this guide, you acknowledge that outdoor activities involve risks, and you do so at your own risk, agreeing to hold harmless and indemnify the author, publisher, and any contributors from any claims or damages arising from your use of this guide. Always consult ~~qualified~~ professionals before attempting survival techniques, consuming wild plants, or administering first aid. Laws regarding foraging, hunting, and survival vary by location. It is the reader’s responsibility to research and comply with all applicable laws. The author disclaims any liability for injuries, losses, or legal consequences resulting from the use of this book. By readdvice specific to your situation, as this guide does not substitute for professional guidance. Furthermore, be aware that local laws and regulations may affect the legal use of the techniques described hereing, ~~you agree to use this information at your own risk~~and compliance is your responsibility. an hour ago
None Resource updated Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	The “`guides/en-US`” file was changed. an hour ago
None String updated in the repository Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	English %% K: overview, survival, situation, rescue, lost %% %% S: Be prepared, stop if lost, and think before acting. %% This guide covers essential survival skills needed to return safely from a survival situation. It is not a substitute for professional training or experience and should only be used as a reference. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill %% %% S: Bring a survival kit with you on all trips, and let others know your plans. Learn how to act in a survival situation and signal for help. %% Tell someone your plans, so they can get help if you don't come back on time. Stick to your planned route and avoid taking unnecessary risks. ### Gear Necessities: - Cell phone - Money - Whistle - Spare batteries (for flashlight) and a battery pack for your phone - Assorted bandages - Gauze - Surgical tape - Safety pin or needle - Tweezers - Antibiotic ointment - Sunscreen - Insect repellent - Prescription medications, contact lenses, and glasses - Pain relievers (aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen) - Hand sanitizer - Epinephrine auto-injector (if you have severe allergies) - Asthma inhaler (if you have asthma) - Water (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra) - For longer trips, bring a water purification method and plan your route to include water sources. - Water containers (ensure you have a container that you can boil water in) - Food (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra). Some good options include: - Nuts - Seeds - Dried fruit - Jerky - Energy bars - Dehydrated meals (with extra water) - Canned food (with a can opener if needed) - Knife or multi-tool - Bear bag or canister - Emergency space blanket - Poncho - Change of clothing - Extra socks - Boots or sturdy shoes - Sunglasses - Cordage (paracord) - Sewing kit (needle and thread) - In colder climates: - Insulating layers (jacket, pants, hat, gloves) - Waterproof outer layer - Waterproof or insulated boots - Thermal underlayers - Hand warmers - For overnight stays: - Sleeping bag - Sleeping pad - Tent - Tarp - Map - Compass - Flashlight or headlamp - 7-day weather forecast Optional: - Signal mirror See each chapter for additional gear recommendations. ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Follow local laws and regulations. - Act in a survival situation. - Signal for help. - Plan a trip. See each chapter for additional knowledge and skills recommendations. ## What to do in a survival situation %% K: steps, stop, think, observe, plan, act %% %% S: Stop, think, observe, plan, and then act. In many cases, the plan may be to stay where you are and wait for help. %% If you find yourself in a survival situation, don't panic and follow these steps. ### Stop If you are lost and not in immediate danger, stop moving. Continuing to move can make it harder for rescuers to find you. If you are panicing, take a few deep breaths to calm down. If that doesn't help, see the Medical chapter for more tips. If you have a GPS receiver or smartphone, note your current location and place a waypoint or beacon. This will help you find your way back if you move around. ### Think Take a moment to think about your situation. Answer the following questions: - What are your immediate needs? - What resources do you have available? - Did you tell someone your plans before you left? If so, when are they expecting you back? - Which way did you come from? ### Observe Next, observe your surroundings and assess your situation: - Check for any potential hazards or resources that could help you. - Check your smartphone or GPS receiver for your last known location. - Check your cell phone for a signal. - Listen for people or vehicles. ### Plan Make a plan for your next steps. Here's some general advice: - If it is close to dark, set up a shelter and maybe a fire. - If you are injured, treat your injuries. - If you are lost, try to determine your location using a map or GPS. - If it is hot, find shade and water. - If it is cold, get warm through insulation, shelter, and fire. - Tie a bright piece of clothing to a nearby tree and search the nearby area for signs of a trail. Keep the marker in sight at all times. You may also use a GPS receiver to return to your starting point; just ensure the batteries are charged. - If you are lost, it may be best to stay put and wait for help. Try to signal for help and make yourself visible to rescuers. ### Act Once you have a plan, act on it. If at any point you feel unsafe, nervous, or unsure, stop and reassess your situation. ## Planning a trip %% K: plan, trip %% %% S: Research the terrain, weather, and wildlife before going out. Plan a route on a map and bring the necessary supplies. Share this plan with someone you trust. %% Proper planning is crucial for a safe and enjoyable hiking experience. Here are some steps to help you prepare: 1. Research the terrain, weather conditions, wildlife, and plants you might encounter. Also, look into local regulations and any permits you may need. 2. Using a map, plan your route. Be sure to consider trail conditions and alternate routes. 3. Pack the necessary gear and supplies. See the "Be prepared" section for a list of essential items. Check all your gear before you leave. 4. Check the weather forecast and adjust your plans accordingly. 5. Share your itinerary with a trusted person. Include your planned route, expected return time, and check-in times. ## Signaling for help %% K: signal, help, contact, call, text, phone, whistle, mirror, smoke, flare, flashlight, ground-to-air %% %% S: Try your cell phone, it may be able to make emergency calls. Otherwise, use a whistle, signal mirror, smoke, flares, flashlight, or ground-to-air signals to attract attention. %% ### Cell phone Many phones can call emergency services even without a signal from your carrier. If you can't make a call, try sending a text message. Check your phone periodically to see if you have a signal, but otherwise keep it off or in airplane mode to conserve battery. You may get a better signal by climbing to higher ground or moving to an open area. ### Whistle Three short blasts are the universal signal for help. You may want to cover your ears when using the whistle at full volume. ### Signal mirror Hold the mirror with one hand and extend your other arm in front of you with your fingers in a V-shape. Reflect sunlight onto your fingers and slowly move the mirror to direct the reflected light toward potential rescuers or aircraft. ### Smoke Smoke can attract attention during the day. You can create a lot of smoke by burning green vegetation. Be sure to do this safely. ### Flares Flares are best seen at night or in low-visibility conditions. Follow the instructions on the flare packaging and be aware of any legal restrictions on their use. ### Flashlight At night, a flashlight can be used to signal for help. Use the international distress signal, SOS, which is three short flashes, three long flashes, and three short flashes. If you don't remember the SOS signal, flash the light repeatedly in groups of three. Aim it in the direction of aircraft or other potential rescuers. ### Ground-to-air signals Ground-to-air signals are large markers you create on the ground to communicate with aircraft. Use rocks, logs, or other materials to create a large "V" (means you require assistance) or an "X" (means you require medical assistance). Use contrasting or artificial colors to make the signal more visible. ## Disclaimer This guide is for educational purposes only. The author makes no guarantees about the accuracy, safety, or reliability of the information provided. Wilderness survival, foraging, and first aid involve inherent risks, and readers assume full responsibility for their actions. This guide is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult qualified professionals before attempting survival techniques, consuming wild plants, or administering first aid. Laws regarding foraging, hunting, and survival vary by location. It is the reader’s responsibility to research and comply with all applicable laws. The author disclaims any liability for injuries, losses, or legal consequences resulting from the use of this book. By reading, you agree to use this information at your own risk. English 705 characters edited Read-only %% K: overview, survival, situation, rescue, lost %% %% S: Be prepared, stop if lost, and think before acting. %% This guide covers essential survival skills needed to return safely from a survival situation. It is not a substitute for professional training or experience and should only be used as a reference. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill %% %% S: Bring a survival kit with you on all trips, and let others know your plans. Learn how to act in a survival situation and signal for help. %% ~~Let~~Tell someone ~~know~~ your plans ~~before you leave. This way, if you don't return on time, they can get help~~, so they can get help if you don't come back on time. Stick to your planned route and avoid taking unnecessary risks. ### Gear Necessities: - Cell phone - Money - Whistle - Spare batteries (for flashlight) and a battery pack for your phone - Assorted bandages - Gauze - Surgical tape - Safety pin or needle - Tweezers - Antibiotic ointment - Sunscreen - Insect repellent - Prescription medications, contact lenses, and glasses - Pain relievers (aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen) - Hand sanitizer - Epinephrine auto-injector (if you have severe allergies) - Asthma inhaler (if you have asthma) - Water (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra) - For longer trips, bring a water purification method and plan your route to include water sources. - Water containers (ensure you have a container that you can boil water in) - Food (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra). Some good options include: - Nuts - Seeds - Dried fruit - Jerky - Energy bars - Dehydrated meals (with extra water) - Canned food (with a can opener if needed) - Knife or multi-tool - Bear bag or canister - Emergency space blanket - Poncho - Change of clothing - Extra socks - Boots or sturdy shoes - Sunglasses - Cordage (paracord) - Sewing kit (needle and thread) - In colder climates: - Insulating layers (jacket, pants, hat, gloves) - Waterproof outer layer - Waterproof or insulated boots - Thermal underlayers - Hand warmers - For overnight stays: - Sleeping bag - Sleeping pad - Tent - Tarp - Map - Compass - Flashlight or headlamp - 7-day weather forecast Optional: - Signal mirror See each chapter for additional gear recommendations. ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - ~~Abide by~~Follow local laws and regulations. - Act in a survival situation. - Signal for help. - Plan a trip. See each chapter for additional knowledge and skills recommendations. ## What to do in a survival situation %% K: steps, stop, think, observe, plan, act %% %% S: Stop, think, observe, plan, and then act. In many cases, the plan may be to stay where you are and wait for help. %% If you find yourself in a survival situation, don't panic and follow these steps. ### Stop If you are lost and not in immediate danger, stop moving. Continuing to move can make it harder for rescuers to find you. If you are ~~nervous~~panicing, take a few deep breaths to calm down. If that doesn't help, see the Medical chapter for more tips. If you have a GPS receiver or smartphone, note your current location and place a waypoint or beacon. This will help you find your way back if you move around. ### Think Take a moment to think about your situation. Answer the following questions: - What are your immediate needs? - What resources do you have available? - Did you tell someone your plans before you left? If so, when are they expecting you back? - Which way did you come from? ### Observe Next, observe your surroundings and assess your situation: - Check for any potential hazards or resources that could help you. - Check your smartphone or GPS receiver for your last known location. - Check your cell phone for a signal. - Listen for people or vehicles. ### Plan Make a plan for your next steps. Here's some general advice: - If it is close to dark, set up a shelter and maybe a fire. - If you are injured, treat your injuries. - If you are lost, try to determine your location using a map or GPS. - If it is hot, find shade and water. - If it is cold, get warm through insulation, shelter, and fire. - Tie a bright piece of clothing to a nearby tree and search the nearby area for signs of a trail. Keep the marker in sight at all times. You may also use a GPS receiver to return to your starting point; just ensure the batteries are charged. - If you are lost, it may be best to stay put and wait for help. Try to signal for help and make yourself visible to rescuers. ### Act Once you have a plan, act on it. If at any point you feel unsafe, nervous, or unsure, stop and reassess your situation. ## Planning a trip %% K: plan, trip %% %% S: Research the terrain, weather, and wildlife before going out. Plan a route on a map and bring the necessary supplies. Share this plan with someone you trust. %% Proper planning is crucial for a safe and enjoyable hiking experience. Here are some steps to help you prepare: 1. Research the terrain, weather conditions, wildlife, and plants you might encounter. Also, look into local regulations and any permits you may need. 2. Using a map, plan your route. Be sure to consider trail conditions and alternate routes. 3. Pack the necessary gear and supplies. See the "Be prepared" section for a list of essential items. Check all your gear before you leave. 4. Check the weather forecast and adjust your plans accordingly. 5. Share your itinerary with a trusted person. Include your planned route, expected return time, and check-in times. ## Signaling for help %% K: signal, help, contact, call, text, phone, whistle, mirror, smoke, flare, flashlight, ground-to-air %% %% S: Try your cell phone, it may be able to make emergency calls. Otherwise, use a whistle, signal mirror, smoke, flares, flashlight, or ground-to-air signals to attract attention. %% ### Cell phone ~~Even if you don't have a signal with your carrier, you may still be able to call emergency services~~Many phones can call emergency services even without a signal from your carrier. If you can't make a call, try sending a text message. Check your phone periodically to see if you have a signal, but otherwise keep it off or in airplane mode to conserve battery. You may get a better signal by climbing to higher ground or moving to an open area. ### Whistle Three short blasts are the universal signal for help. You may want to cover your ears when using the whistle at full volume. ### Signal mirror Hold the mirror with one hand and extend your other arm in front of you with your fingers in a V-shape. Reflect sunlight onto your fingers and slowly move the mirror to direct the reflected light toward potential rescuers or aircraft. ### Smoke Smoke can attract attention during the day. You can create a lot of smoke by burning green vegetation. Be sure to do this safely. ### Flares Flares are best seen at night or in low-visibility conditions. Follow the instructions on the flare packaging and be aware of any legal restrictions on their use. ### Flashlight At night, a flashlight can be used to signal for help. Use the international distress signal, SOS, which is three short flashes, three long flashes, and three short flashes. If you don't remember the SOS signal, flash the light repeatedly in groups of three. Aim it in the direction of aircraft or other potential rescuers. ### Ground-to-air signals Ground-to-air signals are large markers you create on the ground to communicate with aircraft. Use rocks, logs, or other materials to create a large "V" (means you require assistance) or an "X" (means you require medical assistance). Use contrasting or artificial colors to make the signal more visible. ## Disclaimer As with all tools in Trail Sense, this guide is meant to provide general information and should not be considered a substitute for professional training or experience. This is for educational purposes only. The authors are not responsible for any accidents, injuries, or other damage that mayThis guide is for educational purposes only. The author makes no guarantees about the accuracy, safety, or reliability of the information provided. Wilderness survival, foraging, and first aid involve inherent risks, and readers assume full responsibility for their actions. This guide is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult qualified professionals before attempting survival techniques, consuming wild plants, or administering first aid. Laws regarding foraging, hunting, and survival vary by location. It is the reader’s responsibility to research and comply with all applicable laws. The author disclaims any liability for injuries, losses, or legal consequences resulting from the use of this ~~information. Always exercise common sense and caution when outdoors~~book. By reading, you agree to use this information at your own risk. an hour ago
None Resource updated Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	The “`guides/en-US`” file was changed. 23 hours ago
None String updated in the repository Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	English %% K: water, thirst, thirsty, drink %% %% S: Stay hydrated and purify water. %% This chapter covers how to find and purify water. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, container, filter, sheet, tarp, tablet %% %% S: Bring extra water, a water container, and purification method. Learn how to locate water sources and purify water. %% ### Gear Necessities: - Water (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra). - For longer trips, bring a water purification method and plan your route to include water sources. - Water containers (ensure you have a container that you can boil water in). Optional: - Water purification method (tablets or filter). - Cooking pot or container. - Clear plastic sheet/tarp. ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Plan your water needs for the trip. - Locate water sources. - Purify water by boiling. Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following: - Purify water using chemical treatment or filtration. - Collect water from plants and other sources. - Collect water using a solar still. - Boil water using hot rocks. - Desalinate water. ## Hydration essentials %% K: hydration, essential, daily, dehydration %% %% S: Stay hydrated by drinking at least 2 to 3 quarts/liters of water per day. Recognize the signs of dehydration. %% When hiking, conserving energy while maintaining hydration is vital. Here are some general rules: - Choose running water when possible. - Assume surface water is contaminated; always purify it. - Avoid the following: - Consuming snow without melting it. - Urine or alcohol. - Saltwater. - Stagnant water. ### Daily water needs At 70°F (20°C), a hiker needs around 2 to 3 quarts/liters of water per day. This amount increases with physical activity and exposure to higher temperatures. ### Dehydration Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in. Symptoms include: - Thirst. - Dry mouth and throat. - Fatigue. - Dizziness. - Dark urine. - Reduced urine output. - Dry skin. - Headache. - Confusion. ## Finding water %% K: find, source, collect, plant, solar-still, solar, still, dew, rain, river, groundwater, sea, ice, bamboo, coconut, dig, hole, snow, rainwater, desert, beach, ocean, salt, transpiration %% %% S: Find water from streams, snow, rain, dew, or groundwater. Purify all water before drinking. %% ### Common water sources - Rainwater: Rainwater collected directly in containers does not need purification. However, if it has run over leaves or other surfaces, it should be purified. - Snow and ice: Melt snow and ice before drinking. Avoid eating snow directly as it can lower your core body temperature. Melted snow requires purification. - Streams and rivers: Flowing water is typically safer than stagnant water but still should be purified. - Dew: Collect dew from plants or grass by wringing out a cloth or sponge. - Groundwater: Dig a deep hole and allow water to seep in. This water should be purified before drinking. ### Specific environments - Deserts: - Groundwater: Look for green vegetation, valleys and low areas, or dry riverbeds. - Beaches/sea: - Groundwater: Dig a deep hole to allow water to seep in. This water should be purified and may need desalination. - Sea water: Sea water can be desalinated to make it drinkable. - Sea ice: If it is gray or opaque, it may be salty. Crystalline ice that has a bluish tint is usually safe to melt for drinking water. ### Water from plants Certain plants can provide water when no open sources are available: - Green bamboo: Shake the bamboo to check for water, then cut it to extract the water inside. - Water vines: Many vines contain drinkable water. These vines are usually soft and easy to cut. Ensure a positive identification of the vine before drinking, and make sure the water is clear and odorless. - Coconut water: Green coconuts are best for hydration, as they contain more fluid and less oil. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/13.webp) ### Solar stills Belowground solar still A belowground solar still is a simple device that uses the sun’s heat to draw moisture from the soil or plants, which then condenses on a plastic sheet and can be collected in a container. You can also pour saltwater into the hole to desalinate it. 1. Dig a bowl-shaped hole in the ground about 3 feet (1 meter) across and 2 feet (0.6 meters) deep. Ensure it is in direct sunlight. 2. Place a container in the center of the hole. Optionally, place plants/water around the container to increase moisture (do not place them in the container). 3. Place a plastic sheet over the hole, securing the edges with rocks or soil. 4. Place a small rock in the center of the sheet, directly over the container. 5. Wait for the sun to heat the ground and evaporate moisture, which will condense on the plastic and drip into the container. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/16.webp) Transpiration bag A transpiration bag is a plastic bag tied around a leafy branch to collect water. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/15.webp) 1. Tie a plastic bag around a leafy branch, ensuring that the bag is airtight. 2. Wait for the sun to heat the plant, causing moisture to evaporate and condense on the bag. 3. Collect the water that has condensed inside the bag. ## Making water safe to drink %% K: make, safe, purify, boil, purification, chemical, filter, filtration, treat, bacteria, virus, parasite, stagnant, technique %% %% S: Always purify water before drinking. Boil water for 1 - 3 minutes, use purification tablets, or filter it. %% Always ensure the water you collect is safe to drink. Boiling is the most reliable method, but chemical purification tablets and filters are also effective. If you cannot purify the water immediately, prioritize finding and storing water until you can treat it. ### Purification methods - Boiling: Bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute. At higher altitudes, boil for three minutes. If you do not have a single-walled metal container that can be used for boiling, then do the following: 1. Find another container, dig a hole in the ground and line it with a waterproof material, or craft a bowl (see the Crafting chapter). 2. Fill the container with water. 3. Heat rocks in a fire and place them in the water to heat it. Do not use rocks that may contain moisture (such as river rocks), as they can explode. Use two sticks in a chopstick fashion to move the rocks. 4. Replace the rocks with hot ones as needed to keep the water boiling. - Chemical treatment: Use water purification tablets or drops according to the instructions. - Filtration: Use a portable water filter to remove contaminants. If you construct a filter to remove sediment, still purify the water through boiling or chemical treatment. A filter can be constructed by layering grass or small rocks, sand, and charcoal (from top to bottom) in a container with a hole at the bottom to collect the filtered water. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/19.webp) ### Hazards - Microorganisms: Water may contain bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause illness. Boiling water kills most microorganisms, but some may require additional treatment. Microorganisms are more likely to be present in stagnant water. - Chemicals: Water may contain chemicals from industrial or agricultural runoff. Purification methods may not remove all chemical contaminants. English 7 characters edited Current translation Read-only %% K: water, thirst, thirsty, drink %% %% S: Stay hydrated and purify water. %% This chapter covers how to find and purify water. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, container, filter, sheet, tarp, tablet %% %% S: Bring extra water, a water container, and purification method. Learn how to locate water sources and purify water. %% ### Gear Necessities: - Water (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra). - For longer trips, bring a water purification method and plan your route to include water sources. - Water containers (ensure you have a container that you can boil water in). Optional: - Water purification method (tablets or filter). - Cooking pot or container. - Clear plastic sheet/tarp. ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Plan your water needs for the trip. - Locate water sources. - Purify water by boiling. Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following: - Purify water using chemical treatment or filtration. - Collect water from plants and other sources. - Collect water using a solar still. - Boil water using hot rocks. - Desalinate water. ## Hydration essentials %% K: hydration, essential, daily, dehydration %% %% S: Stay hydrated by drinking at least 2 to 3 quarts/liters of water per day. Recognize the signs of dehydration. %% When hiking, conserving energy while maintaining hydration is vital. Here are some general rules: - Choose running water when possible. - Assume surface water is contaminated; always purify it. - Avoid the following: - Consuming snow without melting it. - Urine or alcohol. - Saltwater. - Stagnant water. ### Daily water needs At 70°F (20°C), a hiker needs around 2 to 3 quarts/liters of water per day. This amount increases with physical activity and exposure to higher temperatures. ### Dehydration Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in. Symptoms include: - Thirst. - Dry mouth and throat. - Fatigue. - Dizziness. - Dark urine. - Reduced urine output. - Dry skin. - Headache. - Confusion. ## Finding water %% K: find, source, collect, plant, solar-still, solar, still, dew, rain, river, groundwater, sea, ice, bamboo, coconut, dig, hole, snow, rainwater, desert, beach, ocean, salt, transpiration %% %% S: Find water from streams, snow, rain, dew, or groundwater. Purify all water before drinking. %% ### Common water sources - Rainwater: Rainwater collected directly in containers does not need purification. However, if it has run over leaves or other surfaces, it should be purified. - Snow and ice: Melt snow and ice before drinking. Avoid eating snow directly as it can lower your core body temperature. Melted snow requires purification. - Streams and rivers: Flowing water is typically safer than stagnant water but still should be purified. - Dew: Collect dew from plants or grass by wringing out a cloth or sponge. - Groundwater: Dig a deep hole and allow water to seep in. This water should be purified before drinking. ### Specific environments - Deserts: - Groundwater: Look for green vegetation, valleys and low areas, or dry riverbeds. - Beaches/sea: - Groundwater: Dig a deep hole to allow water to seep in. This water should be purified and may need desalination. - Sea water: Sea water can be desalinated to make it drinkable. - Sea ice: If it is gray or opaque, it may be salty. Crystalline ice that has a bluish tint is usually safe to melt for drinking water. ### Water from plants Certain plants can provide water when no open sources are available: - Green bamboo: Shake the bamboo to check for water, then cut it to extract the water inside. - Water vines: Many vines contain drinkable water. These vines are usually soft and easy to cut. Ensure a positive identification of the vine before drinking, and make sure the water is clear and odorless. - Coconut water: Green coconuts are best for hydration, as they contain more fluid and less oil. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/13.webp) ### Solar stills Belowground solar still A belowground solar still is a simple device that uses the sun’s heat to draw moisture from the soil or plants, which then condenses on a plastic sheet and can be collected in a container. You can also pour saltwater into the hole to desalinate it. 1. Dig a bowl-shaped hole in the ground about 3 feet (1 meter) across and 2 feet (0.6 meters) deep. Ensure it is in direct sunlight. 2. Place a container in the center of the hole. Optionally, place plants/water around the container to increase moisture (do not place them in the container). 3. Place a plastic sheet over the hole, securing the edges with rocks or soil. 4. Place a small rock in the center of the sheet, directly over the container. 5. Wait for the sun to heat the ground and evaporate moisture, which will condense on the plastic and drip into the container. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/16.webp) Transpiration bag A transpiration bag is a plastic bag tied around a leafy branch to collect water. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/15.webp) 1. Tie a plastic bag around a leafy branch, ensuring that the bag is airtight. 2. Wait for the sun to heat the plant, causing moisture to evaporate and condense on the bag. 3. Collect the water that has condensed inside the bag. ## Making water safe to drink %% K: make, safe, purify, boil, purification, chemical, filter, filtration, treat, bacteria, virus, parasite, stagnant, technique %% %% S: Always purify water before drinking. Boil water for 1 - 3 minutes, use purification tablets, or filter it. %% Always ensure the water you collect is safe to drink. Boiling is the most reliable method, but chemical purification tablets and filters are also effective. If you cannot purify the water immediately, prioritize finding and storing water until you can treat it. ### Purification methods - Boiling: Bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute. At higher altitudes, boil for three minutes. If you do not have a single-walled metal container that can be used for boiling, then do the following: 1. Find another container, dig a hole in the ground and line it with a waterproof material, or craft a bowl (see the Crafting chapter). 2. Fill the container with water. 3. Heat rocks in a fire and place them in the water to heat it. Do not use rocks that may contain moisture (such as river rocks), as they can explode. Use two sticks in a chopstick fashion to move the rocks. 4. Replace the rocks with hot ones as needed to keep the water boiling. - Chemical treatment: Use water purification tablets or drops according to the instructions. - Filtration: Use a portable water filter to remove contaminants. If you construct a filter to remove sediment, still purify the water through boiling or chemical treatment. A filter can be constructed by layering grass or small rocks, sand, and charcoal (from top to bottom) in a container with a hole at the bottom to collect the filtered water. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/19.webp) ### Hazards - Microorganisms: Water may contain bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause illness. Boiling water kills most microorganisms, but some may require additional treatment. Microorganisms are more likely to be present in stagnant water. - Chemicals: Water may contain chemicals from industrial or agricultural runoff. Purification methods may not remove all chemical contaminants. 23 hours ago
None Resource updated Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	The “`guides/en-US`” file was changed. 23 hours ago
None String updated in the repository Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	English %% K: weather, condition %% %% S: Know the weather forecast. %% This chapter covers how to prepare for different types of weather and how to forecast it. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, forecast, clothes, shelter, poncho, sunglasses, barometer, thermometer %% %% S: Bring appropriate clothing and shelter for the weather. Learn how to identify signs of worsening weather. %% ### Gear Necessities: - 7-day weather forecast - Appropriate clothing and shelter for the weather (see the Shelter and Clothing chapter) - Poncho - Sunglasses Optional: - Barometer - Many smartphones have barometers; you can use the Weather tool in Trail Sense to monitor pressure - Thermometer ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Read a weather forecast. - Deal with different types of weather. - Identify signs of worsening weather. Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following: - Identify signs of improving weather. - Forecast weather based on observations. - Understand your region's climate. - Predict tides. ## Weather %% K: storm, precipitation, rain, snow, hail, sleet, temperature, humidity, wind, fog, lightning, sun, smoke, wildfire, uv, uv-index %% %% S: Take shelter during severe storms. Be prepared for a variety of conditions, such as precipitation, temperature, humidity, and strong wind. %% Weather conditions can change rapidly and significantly impact your outdoor activities. In mountainous regions, take extra precautions when above the treeline, as weather can be more severe and you are more exposed to the elements. ### Precipitation You can generally continue outdoor activities in light precipitation. However, if it starts precipitating heavily, seek shelter. Be aware of the risk of hypothermia, and take steps to stay warm and dry. Be cautious near rivers and streams during heavy rainfall, as they can rise rapidly and become dangerous. Blizzards can lead to whiteout conditions, severely reducing visibility. If caught in a blizzard, seek shelter immediately and stay warm and dry. ### Temperature and humidity In cold weather, dress in layers and wear a hat and gloves to prevent heat loss. Stay dry, as wet clothing can cause you to lose body heat more quickly. In hot weather, stay hydrated and take breaks in the shade. Wear sunscreen and sun-protective clothing to protect yourself from sun exposure. High humidity can make it feel hotter and make cooling off more difficult. Temperature decreases by about 3.5°F (2°C) for every 1,000 feet (305 meters) of elevation gain. ### Wind In cold conditions, wind can make it feel even colder, increasing the risk of hypothermia and frostbite. Dress in layers and wear a hat and gloves to protect yourself from the wind. Be cautious of unstable trees and branches in windy conditions, as they can be hazardous. In desert environments, wind can cause sandstorms, which reduce visibility and make breathing difficult. Seek shelter during a sandstorm and protect your eyes and mouth with a bandana or cloth. Prevailing winds are winds that blow consistently in one direction over time. While local geography and bodies of water can affect wind patterns, general patterns are as follows: - 60° N to 90° N: Winds generally blow from the east. - 30° N to 60° N: Winds generally blow from the west. - 0° to 30° N: Winds generally blow from the northeast. - 0° to 30° S: Winds generally blow from the southeast. - 30° S to 60° S: Winds generally blow from the west. - 60° S to 90° S: Winds generally blow from the east. ### Fog Fog reduces visibility, making navigation difficult. If hiking in fog, stay on marked trails and use a map, compass, or GPS to navigate. Watch your footing carefully. ### Lightning If caught outdoors during a thunderstorm, seek shelter immediately. Avoid tall trees and bodies of water, but get out of open areas. If you're in an open area, crouch down on the balls of your feet and cover your ears to reduce the risk of lightning strikes. If you feel your hair stand on end or hear a crackling noise, you are in danger of being struck by lightning. You can estimate how far away a thunderstorm is by counting the seconds between a flash of lightning and the sound of thunder. Divide the number of seconds by 5 to get the distance in miles. One mile is about 1.6 kilometers. Any storm within 6 miles (10 kilometers) is a threat. ### Sun On days with a high UV index, wear sunscreen and sun-protective clothing. In hot climates, stay hydrated and take breaks in the shade. ### Smoke Wildfires can cause smoke that travels long distances. Avoid outdoor activities on days with poor air quality if possible. ## Climate %% K: climate, average %% %% S: The climate of your region can indicate what weather is common for the time of year. %% The climate of a region refers to its average weather conditions over time. Understanding the climate helps you prepare for the typical weather you'll encounter. Key factors to consider when thinking about climate include: - Daily high and low temperatures - Precipitation amounts - Humidity levels - Wind patterns ## Forecasting %% K: forecast, predict, signs, worsen, improve %% %% S: Signs of worsening weather include increasing cloud cover, darkening skies, strong wind, and sudden drops in temperature. %% You can learn to forecast weather by observing the signs around you. The more signs you notice, the more accurate your forecast will be. ### Signs of worsening weather - Cloud cover increases - Clouds start growing vertically (into an anvil shape) - This indicates a thunderstorm - Clouds darken - Clouds move quickly - Clouds lower - Wind speed increases - Temperature suddenly drops - Barometric pressure drops - Faster drops indicate more severe weather - Wind direction changes, opposite the prevailing wind - Animals become quiet - Humidity increases - You see lightning or hear thunder - You smell rain (called petrichor) ### Signs of improving weather - Cloud cover decreases - Wind speed decreases - Temperature rises - Barometric pressure rises - Wind direction changes to match the prevailing wind - Animals become active - Humidity decreases ## Tides %% K: tide, water, coast, rise, fall, moon, ocean, sea, semidiurnal, diurnal, mixed %% %% S: Most places have two high tides and two low tides each day. Check tide tables before heading to the coast. %% Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. Tides can affect outdoor activities, especially near the coast. A receding tide can lead to rip currents, which are dangerous for swimmers. Check the tide tables before heading to the coast. Tide tables can be found online or in local newspapers. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/tides.webp) [Image source](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides07_cycles.html#1) ### Semidiurnal tides Semidiurnal tides have two high tides and two low tides each day. If you know the time of high tide, the next low tide will be about 6 hours later, and the following high tide will be about 6 hours after that. Mixed tides Mixed tides are a type of semidiurnal tide, but the heights of the high and/or low tides vary throughout the day. ### Diurnal tides Diurnal tides have one high tide and one low tide each day. If you know the time of high tide, the next low tide will be about 12 hours later, and the next high tide will be about 12 hours after that. ## Night %% K: night, dark, light, moon, stars, flashlight %% %% S: Be aware of when the sun will set to avoid being caught in the dark. Use a flashlight to navigate at night. %% You can estimate the time until sunset by holding your hand horizontally with your fingers together and counting the number of finger widths between the sun and the horizon. Each finger width represents roughly 15 minutes. On nights with a nearly full moon, you can use the moonlight to help navigate. Navigating in the dark is not recommended, but if necessary, use a flashlight or headlamp to light your way. English 101 characters edited Current translation Read-only %% K: weather, condition %% %% S: ~~In a survival situation, weather can be life threatening. Take shelter during storms and view~~ Know the weather forecast ~~before your trip~~. %% This chapter covers how to prepare for different types of weather and how to forecast it. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, forecast, clothes, shelter, poncho, sunglasses, barometer, thermometer %% %% S: Bring appropriate clothing and shelter for the weather. Learn how to identify signs of worsening weather. %% ### Gear Necessities: - 7-day weather forecast - Appropriate clothing and shelter for the weather (see the Shelter and Clothing chapter) - Poncho - Sunglasses Optional: - Barometer - Many smartphones have barometers; you can use the Weather tool in Trail Sense to monitor pressure - Thermometer ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Read a weather forecast. - Deal with different types of weather. - Identify signs of worsening weather. Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following: - Identify signs of improving weather. - Forecast weather based on observations. - Understand your region's climate. - Predict tides. ## Weather %% K: storm, precipitation, rain, snow, hail, sleet, temperature, humidity, wind, fog, lightning, sun, smoke, wildfire, uv, uv-index %% %% S: Take shelter during severe storms. Be prepared for a variety of conditions, such as precipitation, temperature, humidity, and strong wind. %% Weather conditions can change rapidly and significantly impact your outdoor activities. In mountainous regions, take extra precautions when above the treeline, as weather can be more severe and you are more exposed to the elements. ### Precipitation You can generally continue outdoor activities in light precipitation. However, if it starts precipitating heavily, seek shelter. Be aware of the risk of hypothermia, and take steps to stay warm and dry. Be cautious near rivers and streams during heavy rainfall, as they can rise rapidly and become dangerous. Blizzards can lead to whiteout conditions, severely reducing visibility. If caught in a blizzard, seek shelter immediately and stay warm and dry. ### Temperature and humidity In cold weather, dress in layers and wear a hat and gloves to prevent heat loss. Stay dry, as wet clothing can cause you to lose body heat more quickly. In hot weather, stay hydrated and take breaks in the shade. Wear sunscreen and sun-protective clothing to protect yourself from sun exposure. High humidity can make it feel hotter and make cooling off more difficult. Temperature decreases by about 3.5°F (2°C) for every 1,000 feet (305 meters) of elevation gain. ### Wind In cold conditions, wind can make it feel even colder, increasing the risk of hypothermia and frostbite. Dress in layers and wear a hat and gloves to protect yourself from the wind. Be cautious of unstable trees and branches in windy conditions, as they can be hazardous. In desert environments, wind can cause sandstorms, which reduce visibility and make breathing difficult. Seek shelter during a sandstorm and protect your eyes and mouth with a bandana or cloth. Prevailing winds are winds that blow consistently in one direction over time. While local geography and bodies of water can affect wind patterns, general patterns are as follows: - 60° N to 90° N: Winds generally blow from the east. - 30° N to 60° N: Winds generally blow from the west. - 0° to 30° N: Winds generally blow from the northeast. - 0° to 30° S: Winds generally blow from the southeast. - 30° S to 60° S: Winds generally blow from the west. - 60° S to 90° S: Winds generally blow from the east. ### Fog Fog reduces visibility, making navigation difficult. If hiking in fog, stay on marked trails and use a map, compass, or GPS to navigate. Watch your footing carefully. ### Lightning If caught outdoors during a thunderstorm, seek shelter immediately. Avoid tall trees and bodies of water, but get out of open areas. If you're in an open area, crouch down on the balls of your feet and cover your ears to reduce the risk of lightning strikes. If you feel your hair stand on end or hear a crackling noise, you are in danger of being struck by lightning. You can estimate how far away a thunderstorm is by counting the seconds between a flash of lightning and the sound of thunder. Divide the number of seconds by 5 to get the distance in miles. One mile is about 1.6 kilometers. Any storm within 6 miles (10 kilometers) is a threat. ### Sun On days with a high UV index, wear sunscreen and sun-protective clothing. In hot climates, stay hydrated and take breaks in the shade. ### Smoke Wildfires can cause smoke that travels long distances. Avoid outdoor activities on days with poor air quality if possible. ## Climate %% K: climate, average %% %% S: The climate of your region can indicate what weather is common for the time of year. %% The climate of a region refers to its average weather conditions over time. Understanding the climate helps you prepare for the typical weather you'll encounter. Key factors to consider when thinking about climate include: - Daily high and low temperatures - Precipitation amounts - Humidity levels - Wind patterns ## Forecasting %% K: forecast, predict, signs, worsen, improve %% %% S: Signs of worsening weather include increasing cloud cover, darkening skies, strong wind, and sudden drops in temperature. %% You can learn to forecast weather by observing the signs around you. The more signs you notice, the more accurate your forecast will be. ### Signs of worsening weather - Cloud cover increases - Clouds start growing vertically (into an anvil shape) - This indicates a thunderstorm - Clouds darken - Clouds move quickly - Clouds lower - Wind speed increases - Temperature suddenly drops - Barometric pressure drops - Faster drops indicate more severe weather - Wind direction changes, opposite the prevailing wind - Animals become quiet - Humidity increases - You see lightning or hear thunder - You smell rain (called petrichor) ### Signs of improving weather - Cloud cover decreases - Wind speed decreases - Temperature rises - Barometric pressure rises - Wind direction changes to match the prevailing wind - Animals become active - Humidity decreases ## Tides %% K: tide, water, coast, rise, fall, moon, ocean, sea, semidiurnal, diurnal, mixed %% %% S: Most places have two high tides and two low tides each day. Check tide tables before heading to the coast. %% Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. Tides can affect outdoor activities, especially near the coast. A receding tide can lead to rip currents, which are dangerous for swimmers. Check the tide tables before heading to the coast. Tide tables can be found online or in local newspapers. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/tides.webp) [Image source](https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_tides/tides07_cycles.html#1) ### Semidiurnal tides Semidiurnal tides have two high tides and two low tides each day. If you know the time of high tide, the next low tide will be about 6 hours later, and the following high tide will be about 6 hours after that. Mixed tides Mixed tides are a type of semidiurnal tide, but the heights of the high and/or low tides vary throughout the day. ### Diurnal tides Diurnal tides have one high tide and one low tide each day. If you know the time of high tide, the next low tide will be about 12 hours later, and the next high tide will be about 12 hours after that. ## Night %% K: night, dark, light, moon, stars, flashlight %% %% S: Be aware of when the sun will set to avoid being caught in the dark. Use a flashlight to navigate at night. %% You can estimate the time until sunset by holding your hand horizontally with your fingers together and counting the number of finger widths between the sun and the horizon. Each finger width represents roughly 15 minutes. On nights with a nearly full moon, you can use the moonlight to help navigate. Navigating in the dark is not recommended, but if necessary, use a flashlight or headlamp to light your way. 23 hours ago
None String updated in the repository Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	English %% K: water, thirst, thirsty, drink %% %% S: Stay hydrated and purify water. %% This chapter covers how to find and purify water. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, container, filter, sheet, tarp, tablet %% %% S: Bring extra water, a water container, and purification method. Learn how to locate water sources and purify water. %% ### Gear Necessities: - Water (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra). - For longer trips, bring a water purification method and plan your route to include water sources. - Water containers (ensure you have a container that you can boil water in). Optional: - Water purification method (tablets or filter). - Cooking pot or container. - Clear plastic sheet/tarp. ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Plan your water needs for the trip. - Locate water sources. - Purify water by boiling. Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following: - Purify water using chemical treatment or filtration. - Collect water from plants and other sources. - Collect water using a solar still. - Boil water using hot rocks. - Desalinate water. ## Hydration essentials %% K: hydration, essential, daily, dehydration %% %% S: Stay hydrated by drinking at least 2 to 3 quarts/liters of water per day. Recognize the signs of dehydration. %% When hiking, conserving energy while maintaining hydration is vital. Here are some general rules: - Choose running water when possible. - Assume surface water is contaminated; always purify it. - Avoid the following: - Consuming snow without melting it. - Urine or alcohol. - Saltwater. - Stagnant water. ### Daily water needs At 70°F (20°C), a hiker needs around 2 to 3 quarts/liters of water per day. This amount increases with physical activity and exposure to higher temperatures. ### Dehydration Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in. Symptoms include: - Thirst. - Dry mouth and throat. - Fatigue. - Dizziness. - Dark urine. - Reduced urine output. - Dry skin. - Headache. - Confusion. ## Finding water %% K: find, source, collect, plant, solar-still, solar, dew, rain, river, groundwater, sea, ice, bamboo, coconut, dig, hole, snow, rainwater, desert, beach, ocean, salt, transpiration %% %% S: Find water from streams, snow, rain, dew, or groundwater. Purify all water before drinking. %% ### Common water sources - Rainwater: Rainwater collected directly in containers does not need purification. However, if it has run over leaves or other surfaces, it should be purified. - Snow and ice: Melt snow and ice before drinking. Avoid eating snow directly as it can lower your core body temperature. Melted snow requires purification. - Streams and rivers: Flowing water is typically safer than stagnant water but still should be purified. - Dew: Collect dew from plants or grass by wringing out a cloth or sponge. - Groundwater: Dig a deep hole and allow water to seep in. This water should be purified before drinking. ### Specific environments - Deserts: - Groundwater: Look for green vegetation, valleys and low areas, or dry riverbeds. - Beaches/sea: - Groundwater: Dig a deep hole to allow water to seep in. This water should be purified and may need desalination. - Sea water: Sea water can be desalinated to make it drinkable. - Sea ice: If it is gray or opaque, it may be salty. Crystalline ice that has a bluish tint is usually safe to melt for drinking water. ### Water from plants Certain plants can provide water when no open sources are available: - Green bamboo: Shake the bamboo to check for water, then cut it to extract the water inside. - Water vines: Many vines contain drinkable water. These vines are usually soft and easy to cut. Ensure a positive identification of the vine before drinking, and make sure the water is clear and odorless. - Coconut water: Green coconuts are best for hydration, as they contain more fluid and less oil. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/13.webp) ### Solar stills Belowground solar still A belowground solar still is a simple device that uses the sun’s heat to draw moisture from the soil or plants, which then condenses on a plastic sheet and can be collected in a container. You can also pour saltwater into the hole to desalinate it. 1. Dig a bowl-shaped hole in the ground about 3 feet (1 meter) across and 2 feet (0.6 meters) deep. Ensure it is in direct sunlight. 2. Place a container in the center of the hole. Optionally, place plants/water around the container to increase moisture (do not place them in the container). 3. Place a plastic sheet over the hole, securing the edges with rocks or soil. 4. Place a small rock in the center of the sheet, directly over the container. 5. Wait for the sun to heat the ground and evaporate moisture, which will condense on the plastic and drip into the container. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/16.webp) Transpiration bag A transpiration bag is a plastic bag tied around a leafy branch to collect water. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/15.webp) 1. Tie a plastic bag around a leafy branch, ensuring that the bag is airtight. 2. Wait for the sun to heat the plant, causing moisture to evaporate and condense on the bag. 3. Collect the water that has condensed inside the bag. ## Making water safe to drink %% K: make, safe, purify, boil, purification, chemical, filter, filtration, treat, bacteria, virus, parasite, stagnant, technique %% %% S: Always purify water before drinking. Boil water for 1 - 3 minutes, use purification tablets, or filter it. %% Always ensure the water you collect is safe to drink. Boiling is the most reliable method, but chemical purification tablets and filters are also effective. If you cannot purify the water immediately, prioritize finding and storing water until you can treat it. ### Purification methods - Boiling: Bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute. At higher altitudes, boil for three minutes. If you do not have a single-walled metal container that can be used for boiling, then do the following: 1. Find another container, dig a hole in the ground and line it with a waterproof material, or craft a bowl (see the Crafting chapter). 2. Fill the container with water. 3. Heat rocks in a fire and place them in the water to heat it. Do not use rocks that may contain moisture (such as river rocks), as they can explode. Use two sticks in a chopstick fashion to move the rocks. 4. Replace the rocks with hot ones as needed to keep the water boiling. - Chemical treatment: Use water purification tablets or drops according to the instructions. - Filtration: Use a portable water filter to remove contaminants. If you construct a filter to remove sediment, still purify the water through boiling or chemical treatment. A filter can be constructed by layering grass or small rocks, sand, and charcoal (from top to bottom) in a container with a hole at the bottom to collect the filtered water. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/19.webp) ### Hazards - Microorganisms: Water may contain bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause illness. Boiling water kills most microorganisms, but some may require additional treatment. Microorganisms are more likely to be present in stagnant water. - Chemicals: Water may contain chemicals from industrial or agricultural runoff. Purification methods may not remove all chemical contaminants. English 139 characters edited Read-only %% K: water, thirst, thirsty, drink %% %% S: ~~In a survival situation, keep drinking the water you have to avoid dehydration. Look for water sources near your location, but be sure to purify it before drinking~~Stay hydrated and purify water. %% This chapter covers how to find and purify water. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, container, filter, sheet, tarp, tablet %% %% S: Bring extra water, a water container, and purification method. Learn how to locate water sources and purify water. %% ### Gear Necessities: - Water (enough for the duration of your trip, plus a bit extra). - For longer trips, bring a water purification method and plan your route to include water sources. - Water containers (ensure you have a container that you can boil water in). Optional: - Water purification method (tablets or filter). - Cooking pot or container. - Clear plastic sheet/tarp. ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Plan your water needs for the trip. - Locate water sources. - Purify water by boiling. Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following: - Purify water using chemical treatment or filtration. - Collect water from plants and other sources. - Collect water using a solar still. - Boil water using hot rocks. - Desalinate water. ## Hydration essentials %% K: hydration, essential, daily, dehydration %% %% S: Stay hydrated by drinking at least 2 to 3 quarts/liters of water per day. Recognize the signs of dehydration. %% When hiking, conserving energy while maintaining hydration is vital. Here are some general rules: - Choose running water when possible. - Assume surface water is contaminated; always purify it. - Avoid the following: - Consuming snow without melting it. - Urine or alcohol. - Saltwater. - Stagnant water. ### Daily water needs At 70°F (20°C), a hiker needs around 2 to 3 quarts/liters of water per day. This amount increases with physical activity and exposure to higher temperatures. ### Dehydration Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in. Symptoms include: - Thirst. - Dry mouth and throat. - Fatigue. - Dizziness. - Dark urine. - Reduced urine output. - Dry skin. - Headache. - Confusion. ## Finding water %% K: find, source, collect, plant, solar-still, solar, dew, rain, river, groundwater, sea, ice, bamboo, coconut, dig, hole, snow, rainwater, desert, beach, ocean, salt, transpiration %% %% S: Find water from streams, snow, rain, dew, or groundwater. Purify all water before drinking. %% ### Common water sources - Rainwater: Rainwater collected directly in containers does not need purification. However, if it has run over leaves or other surfaces, it should be purified. - Snow and ice: Melt snow and ice before drinking. Avoid eating snow directly as it can lower your core body temperature. Melted snow requires purification. - Streams and rivers: Flowing water is typically safer than stagnant water but still should be purified. - Dew: Collect dew from plants or grass by wringing out a cloth or sponge. - Groundwater: Dig a deep hole and allow water to seep in. This water should be purified before drinking. ### Specific environments - Deserts: - Groundwater: Look for green vegetation, valleys and low areas, or dry riverbeds. - Beaches/sea: - Groundwater: Dig a deep hole to allow water to seep in. This water should be purified and may need desalination. - Sea water: Sea water can be desalinated to make it drinkable. - Sea ice: If it is gray or opaque, it may be salty. Crystalline ice that has a bluish tint is usually safe to melt for drinking water. ### Water from plants Certain plants can provide water when no open sources are available: - Green bamboo: Shake the bamboo to check for water, then cut it to extract the water inside. - Water vines: Many vines contain drinkable water. These vines are usually soft and easy to cut. Ensure a positive identification of the vine before drinking, and make sure the water is clear and odorless. - Coconut water: Green coconuts are best for hydration, as they contain more fluid and less oil. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/13.webp) ### Solar stills Belowground solar still A belowground solar still is a simple device that uses the sun’s heat to draw moisture from the soil or plants, which then condenses on a plastic sheet and can be collected in a container. You can also pour saltwater into the hole to desalinate it. 1. Dig a bowl-shaped hole in the ground about 3 feet (1 meter) across and 2 feet (0.6 meters) deep. Ensure it is in direct sunlight. 2. Place a container in the center of the hole. Optionally, place plants/water around the container to increase moisture (do not place them in the container). 3. Place a plastic sheet over the hole, securing the edges with rocks or soil. 4. Place a small rock in the center of the sheet, directly over the container. 5. Wait for the sun to heat the ground and evaporate moisture, which will condense on the plastic and drip into the container. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/16.webp) Transpiration bag A transpiration bag is a plastic bag tied around a leafy branch to collect water. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/15.webp) 1. Tie a plastic bag around a leafy branch, ensuring that the bag is airtight. 2. Wait for the sun to heat the plant, causing moisture to evaporate and condense on the bag. 3. Collect the water that has condensed inside the bag. ## Making water safe to drink %% K: make, safe, purify, boil, purification, chemical, filter, filtration, treat, bacteria, virus, parasite, stagnant, technique %% %% S: Always purify water before drinking. Boil water for 1 - 3 minutes, use purification tablets, or filter it. %% Always ensure the water you collect is safe to drink. Boiling is the most reliable method, but chemical purification tablets and filters are also effective. If you cannot purify the water immediately, prioritize finding and storing water until you can treat it. ### Purification methods - Boiling: Bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute. At higher altitudes, boil for three minutes. If you do not have a single-walled metal container that can be used for boiling, then do the following: 1. Find another container, dig a hole in the ground and line it with a waterproof material, or craft a bowl (see the Crafting chapter). 2. Fill the container with water. 3. Heat rocks in a fire and place them in the water to heat it. Do not use rocks that may contain moisture (such as river rocks), as they can explode. Use two sticks in a chopstick fashion to move the rocks. 4. Replace the rocks with hot ones as needed to keep the water boiling. - Chemical treatment: Use water purification tablets or drops according to the instructions. - Filtration: Use a portable water filter to remove contaminants. If you construct a filter to remove sediment, still purify the water through boiling or chemical treatment. A filter can be constructed by layering grass or small rocks, sand, and charcoal (from top to bottom) in a container with a hole at the bottom to collect the filtered water. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/19.webp) ### Hazards - Microorganisms: Water may contain bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause illness. Boiling water kills most microorganisms, but some may require additional treatment. Microorganisms are more likely to be present in stagnant water. - Chemicals: Water may contain chemicals from industrial or agricultural runoff. Purification methods may not remove all chemical contaminants. 23 hours ago
None String updated in the repository Trail Sense Trail Sense User Guide English	English %% K: shelter, clothing, insulate, warm, heat, sleep %% %% S: Layer clothing and build a shelter. %% This chapter covers how to dress appropriately for the environment and build shelters to protect yourself from the elements. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, emergency-space-blanket, space-blanket, blanket, poncho, socks, boots, shoes, sunglasses, cordage, sewing, needle, thread, jacket, pants, hat, gloves, hand-warmer, bag, pad, tent, tarp, hat, bandana, pillow, gloves, net, gaiters, hammock, tape %% %% S: Bring an emergency space blanket, cordage, and proper clothing. Be sure to plan for night time temperatures and bad weather. Learn how to dress in layers and increase insulation. %% ### Gear Necessities: - Emergency space blanket - Poncho - Change of clothing - Extra socks - Boots or sturdy shoes - Sunglasses - Cordage (paracord) - Sewing kit (needle and thread) - In colder climates: - Insulating layers (jacket, pants, hat, gloves) - Waterproof outer layer - Waterproof / insulated boots - Thermal underlayers - Hand warmers - For overnight stays: - Sleeping bag - Sleeping pad - Tent - Tarp Optional: - Additional changes of clothing - Hat or bandana - Pillow - Gloves - Bug net - Gaiters - Hammock - Duct tape ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Choose clothing appropriate for your environment. - Use an emergency space blanket. - Get warm quickly. - Layer clothing for warmth. - Set up a tent and sleeping bag. - Identify environmental hazards when selecting a shelter location. Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following: - Construct a natural shelter. - Repair clothing. ## Clothing %% K: wear, dress, wool, polyester, nylon, down, cotton, layer, material, garment, socks, pants, shirt, jacket, fleece, vest, underwear, undergarments, windbreaker, rain, hat, sunglasses, glasses, scarf, bandana, footwear, shoes, boots %% %% S: Dress in layers and choose clothing made from wool, polyester, or nylon. Only wear shoes that you have worn in. %% Your first line of defense in any environment is your clothing. Proper attire should keep you dry, regulate your body temperature, protect you from the sun, and prevent insect bites. textutils ### Materials When choosing clothing, consider the following materials: - Wool: Retains warmth even when wet. - Polyester/nylon: Quick-drying and moisture-wicking. - Down: Lightweight and insulating but loses warmth when wet. - Cotton: Retains moisture and loses warmth when wet. Do not wear cotton in cold or wet environments. ### Layers You should plan to wear multiple layers of clothing to protect against the elements. Layering allows you to adjust your clothing to changing conditions and maintain body temperature. In cold environments, remove or add layers as needed to prevent sweating while staying warm. In warm environments, you may only need to wear a base layer. But you should always pack rain gear, such as an emergency poncho, in case of sudden weather changes. If you need extra insulation in a pinch, stuff your clothing with dry leaves, grass, or other insulating materials. - Base layer: Wicks moisture away from the skin. This layer should be tight-fitting. - Undergarments - Socks - Pants - Shirt - Middle layer: Insulates and retains heat. This layer should be loose-fitting. - Sweater - Fleece jacket - Insulated pants - Vest - Outer layer: Protects against wind, rain, and snow. This layer should be loose-fitting. - Rain gear - Windbreaker - Accessories: Protect against sun, wind, cold, and insects. - Hat - Sunglasses - Gloves - Scarf or bandana ### Footwear Be sure to choose footwear that is appropriate for your environment. In cold climates, wear insulated, waterproof boots. In hot climates, wear breathable, lightweight shoes. Always break in new footwear before a trip to avoid blisters. If you plan to be hiking in wet conditions, consider wearing waterproof boots. Bring extra pairs of socks, preferably made from wool, and ensure they are taller than your boots to avoid blisters. ## Shelters %% K: build, location, lean-to, a-frame, cave, emergency-space-blanket, space-blanket, blanket, tent, hammock, ground, wall, sleep, bag, pad, airflow %% %% S: Construct a shelter using natural materials or a tarp. Insulate the shelter with leaves, straw, or clothing. %% ### Choosing a shelter location When selecting a site for your shelter, consider the following: - Proximity to building materials. - Proximity to water and food sources. - Protection from the elements. - Free of dead trees and branches that could fall. - Free of threat from avalanches, rockslides, or flooding. - Free of insects, poisonous plants, or dangerous animals. - Suitable for signaling for help if needed. ### Shelter types You can construct various shelters using materials like tarps, ponchos, or natural elements. Here are some common types: Lean-to A simple shelter made by leaning a large sheet of material against a support like a tree or a ridgepole. It provides protection from wind and rain. 1. Lash a ridgepole to two trees or supports. This can be a cord if you are using a tarp or poncho. 2. Lay a tarp or poncho over the ridgepole, allowing one side to touch the ground. If using natural materials, lay branches and leaves over the ridgepole. 3. Secure the sides with stakes or rocks. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/68.webp) ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/76.webp) A-frame A more enclosed shelter that provides better protection from the elements. 1. Lash two sticks together into an A shape. 2. Place the ridgepole across the top of the A. 3. Lay a tarp or poncho over the ridgepole, securing the sides with stakes or rocks. If using natural materials, lay branches and leaves over the ridgepole. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/72.webp) ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/79.webp) Caves Natural shelters that offer protection from the elements. Use caution when entering caves, as they can be home to animals or have poor ventilation. Avoid lighting a fire if possible since smoke can accumulate. Emergency space blankets Wrap yourself in an emergency space blanket to reflect body heat and protect against the elements. You can also use it to create a shelter by tying it between two trees or supports. Tents If you have a tent, set it up according to the manufacturer's instructions. Ensure the tent is staked securely and the rainfly is in place. Most tents can be set up by inserting poles into sleeves or clips and securing the tent to the ground with stakes. Hammocks If you have a hammock, set it up between two trees or supports. Ensure the hammock is secure and the rainfly is in place. Be sure the trees or supports are strong enough to hold your weight. ### Insulation To retain body heat, you can place insulating materials like leaves, straw, or clothing between you and the shelter walls. This barrier prevents heat loss and keeps you warm. If you have a sleeping bag or extra clothing, use them. To insulate yourself from the ground, use materials like leaves, straw, or clothing. These materials create a barrier between you and the cold ground, preventing heat loss. If you have a sleeping pad, place it under your sleeping bag for additional insulation. ### Tips - Use materials like leaves, straw, or clothing to insulate the ground and walls of your shelter. - Keep the shelter compact to retain heat but large enough to lie down comfortably. - Position the shelter to protect against prevailing winds and to maximize warming effects of the sun. - Fill gaps in the shelter with leaves, grass, mud, or other insulating materials. - Ensure adequate airflow to manage condensation and smoke. ## Repair %% K: repair, sewing, stitch, back-stitch, running-stitch, whip-stitch, duct-tape, tape, pin, safety-pin, glue, cordage, pitch %% %% S: Use a sewing kit, duct tape, safety pins, glue, or cordage to repair tears or holes in clothing or gear. %% ### Sewing Back stitch Used for seams that require strength, such as on backpacks or tents. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/back_stitch.webp) Running stitch Used for quick repairs on clothing or gear in places where strength is not critical. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/running_stitch.webp) [Image source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Running_stitch.gif) Whip stitch Used to repair tears or holes in fabric. It can also be used to connect two pieces of fabric. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/whip_stitch.webp) [Image source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whip_stitch.jpg) ### Other methods If you do not have a sewing kit, you can use duct tape, safety pins, super glue, cordage, or pitch (see the Crafting chapter for how to make pitch) as temporary fixes. English 89 characters edited Current translation Read-only %% K: shelter, clothing, insulate, warm, heat, sleep %% %% S: ~~In a survival situation, focus on insulating your clothes and construct a small shelter using debris to stay warm~~Layer clothing and build a shelter. %% This chapter covers how to dress appropriately for the environment and build shelters to protect yourself from the elements. ## Be prepared %% K: prepare, gear, knowledge, skill, emergency-space-blanket, space-blanket, blanket, poncho, socks, boots, shoes, sunglasses, cordage, sewing, needle, thread, jacket, pants, hat, gloves, hand-warmer, bag, pad, tent, tarp, hat, bandana, pillow, gloves, net, gaiters, hammock, tape %% %% S: Bring an emergency space blanket, cordage, and proper clothing. Be sure to plan for night time temperatures and bad weather. Learn how to dress in layers and increase insulation. %% ### Gear Necessities: - Emergency space blanket - Poncho - Change of clothing - Extra socks - Boots or sturdy shoes - Sunglasses - Cordage (paracord) - Sewing kit (needle and thread) - In colder climates: - Insulating layers (jacket, pants, hat, gloves) - Waterproof outer layer - Waterproof / insulated boots - Thermal underlayers - Hand warmers - For overnight stays: - Sleeping bag - Sleeping pad - Tent - Tarp Optional: - Additional changes of clothing - Hat or bandana - Pillow - Gloves - Bug net - Gaiters - Hammock - Duct tape ### Knowledge and skills Start by learning how to do the following: - Choose clothing appropriate for your environment. - Use an emergency space blanket. - Get warm quickly. - Layer clothing for warmth. - Set up a tent and sleeping bag. - Identify environmental hazards when selecting a shelter location. Once you have mastered these skills, you should learn how to do the following: - Construct a natural shelter. - Repair clothing. ## Clothing %% K: wear, dress, wool, polyester, nylon, down, cotton, layer, material, garment, socks, pants, shirt, jacket, fleece, vest, underwear, undergarments, windbreaker, rain, hat, sunglasses, glasses, scarf, bandana, footwear, shoes, boots %% %% S: Dress in layers and choose clothing made from wool, polyester, or nylon. Only wear shoes that you have worn in. %% Your first line of defense in any environment is your clothing. Proper attire should keep you dry, regulate your body temperature, protect you from the sun, and prevent insect bites. textutils ### Materials When choosing clothing, consider the following materials: - Wool: Retains warmth even when wet. - Polyester/nylon: Quick-drying and moisture-wicking. - Down: Lightweight and insulating but loses warmth when wet. - Cotton: Retains moisture and loses warmth when wet. Do not wear cotton in cold or wet environments. ### Layers You should plan to wear multiple layers of clothing to protect against the elements. Layering allows you to adjust your clothing to changing conditions and maintain body temperature. In cold environments, remove or add layers as needed to prevent sweating while staying warm. In warm environments, you may only need to wear a base layer. But you should always pack rain gear, such as an emergency poncho, in case of sudden weather changes. If you need extra insulation in a pinch, stuff your clothing with dry leaves, grass, or other insulating materials. - Base layer: Wicks moisture away from the skin. This layer should be tight-fitting. - Undergarments - Socks - Pants - Shirt - Middle layer: Insulates and retains heat. This layer should be loose-fitting. - Sweater - Fleece jacket - Insulated pants - Vest - Outer layer: Protects against wind, rain, and snow. This layer should be loose-fitting. - Rain gear - Windbreaker - Accessories: Protect against sun, wind, cold, and insects. - Hat - Sunglasses - Gloves - Scarf or bandana ### Footwear Be sure to choose footwear that is appropriate for your environment. In cold climates, wear insulated, waterproof boots. In hot climates, wear breathable, lightweight shoes. Always break in new footwear before a trip to avoid blisters. If you plan to be hiking in wet conditions, consider wearing waterproof boots. Bring extra pairs of socks, preferably made from wool, and ensure they are taller than your boots to avoid blisters. ## Shelters %% K: build, location, lean-to, a-frame, cave, emergency-space-blanket, space-blanket, blanket, tent, hammock, ground, wall, sleep, bag, pad, airflow %% %% S: Construct a shelter using natural materials or a tarp. Insulate the shelter with leaves, straw, or clothing. %% ### Choosing a shelter location When selecting a site for your shelter, consider the following: - Proximity to building materials. - Proximity to water and food sources. - Protection from the elements. - Free of dead trees and branches that could fall. - Free of threat from avalanches, rockslides, or flooding. - Free of insects, poisonous plants, or dangerous animals. - Suitable for signaling for help if needed. ### Shelter types You can construct various shelters using materials like tarps, ponchos, or natural elements. Here are some common types: Lean-to A simple shelter made by leaning a large sheet of material against a support like a tree or a ridgepole. It provides protection from wind and rain. 1. Lash a ridgepole to two trees or supports. This can be a cord if you are using a tarp or poncho. 2. Lay a tarp or poncho over the ridgepole, allowing one side to touch the ground. If using natural materials, lay branches and leaves over the ridgepole. 3. Secure the sides with stakes or rocks. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/68.webp) ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/76.webp) A-frame A more enclosed shelter that provides better protection from the elements. 1. Lash two sticks together into an A shape. 2. Place the ridgepole across the top of the A. 3. Lay a tarp or poncho over the ridgepole, securing the sides with stakes or rocks. If using natural materials, lay branches and leaves over the ridgepole. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/72.webp) ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/79.webp) Caves Natural shelters that offer protection from the elements. Use caution when entering caves, as they can be home to animals or have poor ventilation. Avoid lighting a fire if possible since smoke can accumulate. Emergency space blankets Wrap yourself in an emergency space blanket to reflect body heat and protect against the elements. You can also use it to create a shelter by tying it between two trees or supports. Tents If you have a tent, set it up according to the manufacturer's instructions. Ensure the tent is staked securely and the rainfly is in place. Most tents can be set up by inserting poles into sleeves or clips and securing the tent to the ground with stakes. Hammocks If you have a hammock, set it up between two trees or supports. Ensure the hammock is secure and the rainfly is in place. Be sure the trees or supports are strong enough to hold your weight. ### Insulation To retain body heat, you can place insulating materials like leaves, straw, or clothing between you and the shelter walls. This barrier prevents heat loss and keeps you warm. If you have a sleeping bag or extra clothing, use them. To insulate yourself from the ground, use materials like leaves, straw, or clothing. These materials create a barrier between you and the cold ground, preventing heat loss. If you have a sleeping pad, place it under your sleeping bag for additional insulation. ### Tips - Use materials like leaves, straw, or clothing to insulate the ground and walls of your shelter. - Keep the shelter compact to retain heat but large enough to lie down comfortably. - Position the shelter to protect against prevailing winds and to maximize warming effects of the sun. - Fill gaps in the shelter with leaves, grass, mud, or other insulating materials. - Ensure adequate airflow to manage condensation and smoke. ## Repair %% K: repair, sewing, stitch, back-stitch, running-stitch, whip-stitch, duct-tape, tape, pin, safety-pin, glue, cordage, pitch %% %% S: Use a sewing kit, duct tape, safety pins, glue, or cordage to repair tears or holes in clothing or gear. %% ### Sewing Back stitch Used for seams that require strength, such as on backpacks or tents. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/back_stitch.webp) Running stitch Used for quick repairs on clothing or gear in places where strength is not critical. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/running_stitch.webp) [Image source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Running_stitch.gif) Whip stitch Used to repair tears or holes in fabric. It can also be used to connect two pieces of fabric. ![](file:///android_asset/survival_guide/whip_stitch.webp) [Image source](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Whip_stitch.jpg) ### Other methods If you do not have a sewing kit, you can use duct tape, safety pins, super glue, cordage, or pitch (see the Crafting chapter for how to make pitch) as temporary fixes. 23 hours ago

Browse all translation changes


Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan

83	File in original format as translated in the repository	App store metadata files
83	All strings, converted files enriched with comments; suitable for offline translation	Android String Resource	CSV	JSON	JSON nested structure file	gettext PO	iOS strings	TBX	TMX	XLIFF 1.1 with gettext extensions	XLIFF 1.1	XLSX

Review strings changed by other users	`changed:>="1 month ago" AND NOT changed_by:anonymous`	Add
Translated strings	`state:>=translated`	Add
Strings with comments	`has:comment`	Add
Strings with any failing checks	`has:check`	Add
Strings with suggestions from others	`has:suggestion AND NOT suggestion_author:anonymous`	Add
Approved strings with suggestions	`state:approved AND has:suggestion`	Add
All untranslated strings added the past month	`added:>="1 month ago" AND state:<=needs-editing`	Add
Strings changed in the past two weeks	`changed:>="2 weeks ago"`	Add

Shortcut	Action
`?`	Open available keyboard shortcuts.
`Alt` + `Home`	Navigate to the first translation in the current search.
`Alt` + `End`	Navigate to the last translation in the current search.
`Alt` + `PageUp` or `Ctrl` + `↑` or `Alt` + `↑` or `Cmd` + `↑` or	Navigate to the last translation in the current search.
`Alt` + `PageDown` or `Ctrl` + `↓` or `Alt` + `↓` or `Cmd` + `↓` or	Navigate to the next translation in the current search.
`Ctrl` + `Enter` or `Cmd` + `Enter`	Submit current form; this works the same as pressing Save and continue while editing translation.
`Ctrl` + `Shift` + `Enter` or `Cmd` + `Shift` +`Enter`	Unmark translation as Needing edit and submit it.
`Alt` + `Enter` or `Option` + `Enter`	Submit the string as a suggestion; this works the same as pressing Suggest while editing translation.
`Ctrl` + `E` or `Cmd` + `E`	Focus on translation editor.
`Ctrl` + `U` or `Cmd` + `U`	Focus on comment editor.
`Ctrl` + `M` or `Cmd` + `M`	Shows Automatic suggestions tab.
`Ctrl` + `1` to `Ctrl` + `9` or `Cmd` + `1` to `Cmd` + `9`	Copies placeable of a given number from source string.
`Ctrl` + `M` followed by `1` to `9` or `Cmd` + `M` followed by `1` to `9`	Copy the machine translation of a given number to current translation.
`Ctrl` + `I` followed by `1` to `9` or `Cmd` + `I` followed by `1` to `9`	Ignore one item in the list of failing checks.
`Ctrl` + `J` or `Cmd` + `J`	Shows the Nearby strings tab.
`Ctrl` + `S` or `Cmd` + `S`	Focus on search field.
`Ctrl` + `O` or `Cmd` + `O`	Copy the source string.
`Ctrl` + `Y` or `Cmd` + `Y`	Toggle the Needs editing checkbox.
`→`	Browse the next translation string.
`←`	Browse the previous translation string.

Trail Sense

Trail Sense User Guide

English

Source strings

Strings status

Other components

Overview

String statistics

Activity in last 12 months

Quick numbers

Trends of last 30 days

Quick downloads

Customize download

Search