2. SDG Metadata
3. 8-6-1
4. English

<ul>
<li>ILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm ) </li>
<li>Decent Work Indicators Manual: <a href="http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_223121.pdf" target="_blank"><u>http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_223121.pdf</u></a> </li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, adopted by the 19^th ICLS in 2013: <a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm">https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm</a> </li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of the economically active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment, adopted by the ICLS in 1982: <a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf</a></li>
<li>Quick guide to understanding the impact of the new statistical standards on ILOSTAT databases: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_854830.pdf</li>
<li>International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) developed by UNESCO: http://uis.unesco.org/en/topic/international-standard-classification-education-isced </li>
<li>What does NEETs mean and why is the concept so easily misinterpreted? (ILO, W4Y, Technical brief n&#xB0;1): <a href="http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_343153.pdf" target="_blank"><u>http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_343153.pdf</u></a> </li>
<li>ILOSTAT (<a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/" target="_blank"><u>https://ilostat.ilo.org/</u></a>). </li>
<li>ILO Manual &#x2013; Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions &#x2013; Chapter 1, Employment opportunities <a href="http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm" target="_blank"><u>http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm</u></a> (second version, page 38). </li>
</ul>

<ul>
<li>ILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators (https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm ) </li>
<li>Decent Work Indicators Manual: <a href="http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_223121.pdf" target="_blank"><u>http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_223121.pdf</u></a> </li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, adopted by the 19^th ICLS in 2013: <a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm">https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_230304/lang--en/index.htm</a> </li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of the economically active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment, adopted by the ICLS in 1982: <a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf</a></li>
<li>Quick guide to understanding the impact of the new statistical standards on ILOSTAT databases: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_854830.pdf</li>
<li>International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) developed by UNESCO: http://uis.unesco.org/en/topic/international-standard-classification-education-isced </li>
<li>What does NEETs mean and why is the concept so easily misinterpreted? (ILO, W4Y, Technical brief n&#xB0;1): <a href="http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_343153.pdf" target="_blank"><u>http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_343153.pdf</u></a> </li>
<li>ILOSTAT (<a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/" target="_blank"><u>https://ilostat.ilo.org/</u></a>). </li>
<li>ILOSTAT&#x2019;s Indicator Descriptions &#x2013; Youth NEET rate (https://ilostat.ilo.org/resources/concepts-and-definitions/description-youth-neet/). </li>
<li>ILO Manual &#x2013; Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions &#x2013; Chapter 1, Employment opportunities <a href="http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm" target="_blank"><u>http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm</u></a> (second version, page 38). </li>
</ul>

<p>A number of factors can limit the comparability of statistics on the youth NEET rate between countries or over time. When differing from international standards, the operational criteria used to define employment and the participation in education or training will naturally affect the comparability of the resulting statistics, as will the coverage of the source of statistics (geographical coverage, population coverage, age coverage, etc.).</p>
<p>Work statistics for countries not using the same set of statistical standards are not comparable. As such, each series is based on a single set of standards (i.e., 13<em>th</em> or 19<em>th</em> ICLS) and contains only data comparable within and across countries, allowing data users to continue making meaningful time series analysis and international comparisons. Users should not compare data across series.</p>

<p>A number of factors can limit the comparability of statistics on the youth NEET rate between countries or over time. When differing from international standards, the operational criteria used to define employment and the participation in education or training will naturally affect the comparability of the resulting statistics, as will the coverage of the source of statistics (geographical coverage, population coverage, age coverage, etc.).</p>
<p>Work statistics for countries not using the same set of statistical standards are not comparable. As such, each series is based on a single set of standards (i.e., 13<em>th</em> or 19<em>th</em> ICLS) and contains only data comparable within and across countries, allowing data users to continue making meaningful time series analysis and international comparisons. Users should not compare data across series.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability: </strong></p>
<p>Data for this indicator is available for 173 countries and territories in the 13^th ICLS series and 102 countries and territories in the 19^th ICLS series. </p>
<p><strong>Time series: </strong></p>
<p>Country data for this indicator is available as of 2000 in the SDG Indicators Global Database, but longer time series are available in ILOSTAT. Global and regional data in this submission covers a period of 2005 to 2022.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>No disaggregation is specifically required for this indicator, although having it disaggregated by sex is desirable, as is disaggregation by detailed age groups within the youth age band. </p>
<p> </p>

<p><strong>Data availability: </strong></p>
<p>Data for this indicator is available for 168 countries and territories.73 countries and territories in the 13^th ICLS series and 102 countries and territories in the 19^th ICLS series. </p>
<p><strong>Time series: </strong></p>
<p>Country data for this indicator is available as of 2000 in the SDG Indicators Global Database, but longer time series are available in ILOSTAT. Global and regional data in this submission covers a period of 2005 to 20202.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>No disaggregation is specifically required for this indicator, although having it disaggregated by sex is desirable, as is disaggregation by detailed age groups within the youth age band. </p>
<p> </p>

<p>The final assessment of the quality of information is carried out by the Data Production and Analysis Unit of the ILO Department of Statistics. In cases of doubt about the quality of specific data, these values are reviewed with the participation of the national agencies responsible for producing the data if appropriate. If the issues cannot be clarified, the respective information is not published. </p>

<p>The final assessment of the quality of information is carried out by the Data Production and Analysis Unit of the ILO Department of DepartmentStatistics. In cases of doubt about the quality of specific data, these values are reviewed with the participation of the national agencies responsible for producing the data if appropriate. If the issues cannot be clarified, the respective information is not published. </p>

<p>The NEET aggregates are derived from the ILO modelled estimates that are used to produce global and regional estimates of, amongst others, rates of youth not in employment, with employment based on the 13^th ICLS standards. These models use multivariate regression and cross-validation techniques to impute missing values at the country level, which are then aggregated to produce regional and global estimates. The regional and global NEET rates are obtained by first adding up, across countries, the numerator and denominator of the formula that defines NEET rates as outlined above. Once both magnitudes are produced at the desired level of aggregation, the ratio between the two is used to produce the NEET rate for each regional grouping and the global level. Notice that this direct aggregation method can be used due to the imputation of missing observations. For further information on the estimates, please refer to the ILO modelled estimates methodological overview, available at https://ilostat.ilo.org/resources/concepts-and-definitions/ilo-modelled-estimates/. </p>

<p>The NEET aggregates are derived from the ILO modelled estimates that are used to produce global and regional estimates of, amongst others, rates of youth not in employment, with employment based on the 13^th ICLS standards. These models use multivariate regression and cross-validation techniques to impute missing values at the country level, which are then aggregated to produce regional and global estimates. The regional and global NEET rates are obtained by first adding up, across countries, the numerator and denominator of the formula that defines NEET rates as outlined above. Once both magnitudes are produced at the desired level of aggregation, the ratio between the two is used to produce the NEET rate for each regional grouping and the global level. Notice that this direct aggregation method can be used due to the imputation of missing observations. For further information on the estimates, please refer to the ILO modelled estimates methodological overview, available at https://ilostat.ilo.org/resources/concepts-and-definitions/ilo-modelled-estimates/. </p>

<p>The ILO engages in annual consultations with Member States through the ILOSTAT questionnaire and related Statistics Reporting System (StaRS). National data providers receive a link to the portal where they can review all national SDG data available on ILOSTAT.</p>

<p>The ILO engages in annual consultations with mMember States through the ILOSTAT questionnaire and related Statistics Reporting System (StaRS). National data providers receive a link to the portal where they can review all national SDG data available on ILOSTAT.</p>

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<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
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<mn>100</mn>
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<p>It is important to note here that youth simultaneously in employment and education or training should not be double counted when subtracted from the total number of youth. The formula can also be expressed as:<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mn>100</mn>
</math></p>

<p>It is important to note here that youth simultaneously in employment and education or training should not be double counted when subtracted from the total number of youth. The formula can also be expressed as:<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mrow>
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<mi>o</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mo>&#xD7;</mo>
<mn>100</mn>
</math></p>
<p>It is important to note here that youth simultaneously in employment and education or training should not be double counted when subtracted from the total number of youth. The formula can also be expressed as:<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi>
<mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi>
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<mi>o</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mo>&#x2013;</mo>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>U</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>y</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>s</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>b</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>f</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>Y</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mi>&amp;nbsp;</mi>
<mo>&#xD7;</mo>
<mn>100</mn>
</math></p>