SDG Metadata

16-7-2

	Language	Approved	Translated	Unfinished	Unfinished words	Unfinished characters	Untranslated	Checks	Suggestions	Comments
	English MIT	0%		0	0	0	0	0	0	0

	Arabic MIT	0%	0%	32	6,401	52,272	32	0	0	0

	French MIT	0%	3%	31	6,399	52,251	28	1	0	0

	Portuguese MIT	0%	0%	32	6,401	52,272	32	0	0	0

	Russian MIT	0%	0%	32	6,401	52,272	32	0	0	0

	Spanish MIT	0%	0%	32	6,401	52,272	32	0	0	0

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Overview

Project website	github.com/worldbank/sdg-metadata
Instructions for translators	This project is limited to Russian translation only, for now. More detailed instructions to come.
Project maintainers	brockfanning
Translation license	MIT License
Translation process	Translations can be made directly. Translation suggestions are turned off. Any authenticated user can contribute. The translation uses monolingual files. The translation base language can not be edited.
Source code repository	`https://github.com/worldbank/sdg-metadata`
Repository branch	master
Last remote commit	Merge pull request #543 from worldbank/harvest-20230803 `1bee05e3537` brockfanning authored a month ago
Last commit in Weblate	Translated using Weblate (French) `bb12e297d5e` deblsyl authored a year ago
Weblate repository	`https://hosted.weblate.org/git/sdg-metadata/1-1-1a/`
File mask	`translations-metadata/*/16-7-2.yml`
Monolingual base language file	`translations-metadata/en/16-7-2.yml`

String statistics

	Strings percent	Hosted strings	Words percent	Hosted words	Characters percent	Hosted characters
Total		192		38,406		313,632
Source		32		6,401		52,272
Approved	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
Waiting for review	1%	1	0%	2	0%	21
Translated	17%	33	16%	6,403	16%	52,293
Needs editing	1%	3	1%	5	1%	49
Read-only	16%	32	16%	6,401	16%	52,272
Failing checks	1%	1	1%	2	1%	21
Strings with suggestions	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0
Untranslated strings	81%	156	83%	31,998	83%	261,290

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38,406

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192

Hosted strings

17%

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None New strings to translate SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Russian	15 new strings to translate appeared to the translation. a month ago
None New strings to translate SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Portuguese	15 new strings to translate appeared to the translation. a month ago
None New strings to translate SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — French	15 new strings to translate appeared to the translation. a month ago
None New strings to translate SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Spanish	15 new strings to translate appeared to the translation. a month ago
None New strings to translate SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Arabic	15 new strings to translate appeared to the translation. a month ago
None Resource update SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Russian	The "`translations-metadata/en/16-7-2.yml`" file was changed. a month ago
None String updated in the repository SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Russian	English <ul> <li>Abramson, P. R., & Aldrich, J. H. (1982). The decline of electoral participation in America. <em>American Political Science Review</em>, 76, (3), 502-521 </li> <li>Abramson, P. R., & Finifter, A. W. (1981). On the Meaning of Political Trust: New Evidence from Items Introduced in 1978. <em>American Journal of Political Science</em>. 25, (2), 297-307. </li> <li>Balch, G. I. (1974). Multiple Indicators in Survey Research: The Concept of “Sense of Political Efficacy”. <em>Political Methodology</em>, 1, (2), 1-43 </li> <li>Campbell, A., Gurin, G., & Miller, W. E. (1954). The Voter Decides. Evanston, IL, Row, Peterson. </li> <li>Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American Voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons. </li> <li>Condon, M. and Holleque, M. (2013), Entering Politics: General Self-Efficacy and Voting Behavior Among Young People. <em>Political Psychology</em>, 34: 167–181. doi:10.1111/pops.12019 </li> <li>Converse, P. E. (1972). Change in the American Electorate. In: A. Campbell & P. E. Converse (Eds.), The Human Meaning of Social Change. New York: Russell Sage. </li> <li>Easton, D. (1965). A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: John Wiley. </li> <li>Finkel, Steven E. 1985. “Reciprocal Effects of Participation and Political Efficacy: A Panel Analysis.” <em>American Journal of Political Science </em>29(4): 891-913. </li> <li>Lane, R. E. (1959). Political life: why and how people get involved in politics. Chicago, Markham. </li> <li>Niemi, R. G., Craig, S. C., & Mattei, F. (1991). Measuring Internal Political Efficacy in the 1988 National Election Study. <em>The American Political Science Review</em>, 85,(4), 1407-1413. </li> <li>Quintelier, E. And Hooghe, M. (2012). Political attitudes and political participation: A panel study on socialization and self-selection effects among late adolescents. International Political Science Review, 33 (1), 63-81. DOI: 10.1177/0192512111412632 </li> <li>Saris, W.E. and Revilla, M. (2012). ESS-DACE Deliverable 4.6: Evaluation of the experiments in the supplementary questionnaire of Round 5 of the ESS </li> <li>Saris, W. E. and Torcal, M (2009). Alternative measurement procedures and models for Political Efficacy. http://hdl.handle.net/10230/28300 </li> <li>Vecchione, M., & Caprara, G. V. (2009). Personality determinants of political participation: The contribution of traits and self-efficacy beliefs. <em>Personality and Individual Differences</em>, <em>46</em>(4), 487-492. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.021 </li> </ul> <p><strong>Guidelines on survey methodology</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Two questions:</strong> SDG indicator 16.7.2 aims to measure both the inclusiveness <em>and </em>the responsiveness of decision-making. As such, the methodology for 16.7.2 consists in two separate survey questions addressing these two distinct dimensions, namely: </li> </ul> <ol> <li><strong>To measure <u>inclusive</u> participation in decision-making: </strong><em>How much would you say the political system in [country X] allows people like you to <u>have a say</u> in what the government does?</em><strong><em> </em></strong></li> <li><strong>To measure <u>responsive</u> decision-making: </strong><em>And how much would you say that the political system in [country] allows people like you to <u>have an influence</u> on politics?</em><strong><em> </em></strong></li> </ol> <ul> <li><strong>Questions to be incorporated in a support survey:</strong> These two questions to measure SDG 16.7.2 can be inserted into existing national surveys run by NSOs, using these surveys’ additional batteries on demographics for subsequent disaggregation of results. </li> <li><strong>Target population: </strong>Residents of the country aged 18 or older.</li> <li><strong>Sampling approach: </strong>Data should be collected on the basis of a nationally representative probability sample of the population residing in private households within the country, irrespective of language, nationality or legal residence status. All private households and all persons aged 18 and over within the household are eligible for the question set. The sampling frame as well as methods of sample selection should ensure that every individual and household in the target population is assigned a known probability of selection that is not zero.<em> </em>(integrating the questions for SDG 16.7.2 in a household survey that targets household heads or “most informed household member” only should be avoided at all costs).</li> <li><strong>Refer to interviewer instructions for additional guidance on terminology: </strong>Interviewers should refer to the specific wording provided below if respondents do not understand certain terms. To ensure consistency in the way this methodology is applied across countries, interviewers should <em>not </em>try to explain the meaning of certain words in their own terms. </li> <li><strong>“Don’t know”, “refuse to answer” or “not applicable” should not be read out loud to respondents: </strong>Providing a “don’t know” or “refuse to answer” option provides an easy way for respondents to avoid engaging with the subject of the question. As such, when respondents say they “don’t know”, enumerators should repeat the question and simply ask them to provide their best guess. The “don’t know” and “refuse to answer” options should be used only as a last resort.<strong> </strong>Interviewers should use<strong> </strong>separate coding for “not applicable” (NA – 97), “don’t know” (DK – 98) and “not applicable” (NA – 99), as indicated in the questionnaire. </li> </ul> <p><strong>Questions </strong></p> <ol> <li><strong><em>How much would you say the political system in [country X] allows people like you to <u>have a say</u> in what the government does? </em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Not at all</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Very little</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Some</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>A lot</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>A great deal</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Refusal</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Don’t know</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>No answer</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>And how much would you say that the political system in [country] allows people like you to <u>have an influence</u> on politics? </em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Not at all</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Very little</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Some</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>A lot</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>A great deal</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Refusal</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>Don’t know</em></strong></li> <li><strong><em>No answer</em></strong></li> </ol> <p><u>Clarifications on question wording</u></p> <p><strong><em>“The <u>political system</u> in [country]”: </em></strong>A particular form of government. For example, democracy is a political system in which citizens govern themselves. Other political systems include republics, monarchies, communist systems and dictatorships.</p> <p><strong><em>“<u>Having a say</u> in what the government does” </em></strong>means having a channel to express one’s demands, opinions or preferences about what the government does, and feeling listened to.</p> <p><strong><em>“<u>Have an influence</u> on politics”</em></strong> means feeling that decision-makers listen to and act on one’s demands, opinions or preferences. </p> Russian 0 characters edited Current translation a month ago
None String updated in the repository SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Russian	English <p><strong>Description and time series:</strong></p> <ul> <li>There is no existing globally comparable official dataset on the “Proportion of population who believe decision-making is inclusive and responsive, by sex, age, disability and population group.” While a large number of countries have experience with measuring external political efficacy, there is large variability in the ways NSOs and government agencies in individual countries collect data on this concept, in terms of question wording and response formats, etc. This variability poses a significant challenge for cross-country comparability of such data.</li> <li>However, a number of non-official global and regional survey data producers have already incorporated the two questions for 16.7.2 reporting in their questionnaires, and are already producing the necessary data. In line with the <a href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/accsub-public/Principles_stat_activities/Ltr-CoChairs-Principles.pdf">2017 Guiding Principles of Data Reporting and Data Sharing for the Global Monitoring of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a> (Version 1) developed by the Committee for the Coordination of Statistical Activities (CCSA) which states that “non-official sources may be used by international organizations in compiling official statistics to reach the following objectives: …d) to construct international data series in fields which are not covered by existing official sources; and…e) to impute national data where national official data do not exist or are of proven poor quality”, it is suggested to consider using these non-official sources for countries where the NSO has not yet incorporated the two questions selected for 16.7.2. <strong>As outlined in the above-cited Guiding Principles, NSOs would need to validate this unofficial data before it is submitted to the international level for SDG reporting:</strong> <ul> <li><u>For OECD/EU countries</u>:<ul> <li>The <a href="https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeansocialsurvey.org%2Fdata%2Fthemes.html%3Ft%3Dpolitics&data=02%7C01%7Cmarie.laberge%40undp.org%7C472afd856d184d49e57408d661f51d72%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C636804102720880715&sdata=T0zCoilm0m8m9J7zXnOvSmKQF9lUwGPE4QxFZoGrZ%2Fk%3D&reserved=0"><u>European Social Survey</u></a> has integrated in its core module – a core set of key questions used to generate time series to track trends over time<sup><a href="#footnote-12" id="footnote-ref-12">[11]</a></sup> – the two questions selected for SDG indicator 16.7.2 since 2016. The ESS was conducted in 29 European countries<sup><a href="#footnote-13" id="footnote-ref-13">[12]</a></sup> in its last Round 9 in 2018. The ESS is conducted every two years, which is ideal for SDG reporting.</li> <li>The OECD Adult Skills Survey (<a href="https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fskills%2Fpiaac%2F&data=02%7C01%7Cmarie.laberge%40undp.org%7C472afd856d184d49e57408d661f51d72%7Cb3e5db5e2944483799f57488ace54319%7C0%7C0%7C636804102720880715&sdata=0nhpDYftNkv2c6%2FfNtYawhpFKrLvZQOFrGztGjyatbA%3D&reserved=0"><u>PIAAC</u></a>) is already producing data on the first question (on “having a say in what the government does”) and has committed to aligning the wording of this particular question with the formulation to be used for reporting on SDG 16.7.2. The PIAAC was run in 39 countries (incl. OECD member states and OECD ‘partners’ in other regions) in its last round, which span three waves from 2008 to 2019<sup><a href="#footnote-14" id="footnote-ref-14">[13]</a></sup>. However, the PIAAC in any given country is conducted only once every 10 years (with three ‘waves’ of the PIAAC survey taking place during that 10-year period, each one covering a different subset of countries).</li> <li>Both sources are highly regarded by the OECD and the EU for their high-quality standards, and both sources are already used by the OECD in its flagship publication “How’s Life? Measuring Well-Being”. </li> </ul> </li> <li><u>Globally,</u> the World Values Survey Association pilot-tested in 2018-19 and incorporated the first question (on “having a say in what the government does”) in its standard questionnaire, and plans to also incorporate the second question starting next year. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p> <p>Indicator 16.7.2 aims to measure how individual beliefs in the inclusiveness and responsiveness of the political system differ across various demographic groups, including by sex, age, disability status and nationally relevant population groups. While empirical analysis confirmed the effect of these demographic variables on self-reported levels of external efficacy, other influential variables were identified, including income and education level. Moreover, since target 16.7 focuses on ‘decision-making <em>at all levels</em>’, disaggregation by place of residence (by administrative region e.g. by province, state, district; urban/rural) is also important to help identify areas in a given country where people feel most excluded from decision-making. </p> <ul> <li><strong>Sex:</strong> Male/Female</li> <li><strong>Age groups: </strong>It is recommended to follow UN standards for the production of age-disaggregated national population statistics, using the following age groups: (1) below 25 years old, (2) 25-34, (3) 35-44, (4) 45-54, (5) 55-64 and (6) 65 years old and above. Since age exhibits a negative relationship with external efficacy (evidence shows that older respondents report lower levels of political efficacy than younger respondents), a particular focus should be placed on older age brackets. </li> <li><strong>Disability status:</strong> ‘Disability’ is an umbrella term covering long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in interaction with various barriers may hinder the full and effective participation of disabled persons in society on an equal basis with others<sup><sup><a href="#footnote-15" id="footnote-ref-15">[14]</a></sup></sup>. If possible, NSOs are encouraged to add the <a href="https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-sets/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss/">Short Set of Questions on Disability developed by the Washington Group</a> to the survey vehicle used to administer the two questions selected for 16.7.2 to disaggregate results by disability status.</li> <li><strong>Nationally relevant population groups</strong> (groups with a distinct ethnicity, language, religion, indigenous status, nationality or other characteristics): The population of a country is a mosaic of different population groups that can be identified according to racial, ethnic, language, indigenous or migration status, religious affiliation, or sexual orientation, amongst other characteristics. For the purpose of this indicator, particular focus is placed on minorities. <em>Minority groups are </em>groups that are numerically inferior to the rest of the population of a state, in a non-dominant position, whose members—being nationals of the state—possess ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics differing from those of the rest of the population and show, even if only implicitly, a sense of solidarity directed towards preserving their culture, traditions, religion or language.<sup><sup><a href="#footnote-16" id="footnote-ref-16">[15]</a></sup></sup> While the nationality criterion included in the above definition has often been challenged, the requirement to be in a non-dominant position remains important (United Nations, 2010).<sup><sup><a href="#footnote-17" id="footnote-ref-17">[16]</a></sup></sup> Collecting survey data disaggregated by population groups should be subject to the legality of compiling such data in a particular national context and to a careful assessment of the potential risks of collecting such data for the safety of respondents.</li> <li><strong>Income level: </strong>By income quintile</li> <li><strong>Education level:</strong> Primary education, Secondary education, Tertiary education</li> <li><strong>Place of residence:</strong> by administrative region e.g. by province, state, district; urban/rural</li> </ul><div class="footnotes"><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-12">11</sup><p> The ESS was primarily designed as a time series that could monitor changing attitudes and values across Europe. For this reason, its questionnaire comprises a core module, containing items measuring a range of topics of enduring interest to the social sciences as well as the most comprehensive set of socio-structural ('background') variables of any cross-national survey. The exact number of items can change from round to round, but each question has a unique variable name to assist users working with data over time. <a href="#footnote-ref-12">↑</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-13">12</sup><p> The European Social Survey in its Round 9 (2018) was run in Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. <a href="#footnote-ref-13">↑</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-14">13</sup><p> In 2008-2013 (round 1), the PIAAC covered 20 OECD countries plus 3 OECD sub-entities, namely Flanders, England and Northern Ireland, and the Russian Federation; in 2012-2016 (round 2), the PIAAC covered 6 additional countries, as well as Lithuania (an OECD accession country); in 2016-19, the PIAAC is covering Ecuador, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Peru and the United States. <a href="#footnote-ref-14">↑</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-15">14</sup><p> UN General Assembly, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly, 24 January 2007, A/RES/61/106, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/45f973632.html <a href="#footnote-ref-15">↑</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-16">15</sup><p> Francesco Capotorti, Special Rapporteur of the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities (1977). <a href="#footnote-ref-16">↑</a></p></div><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-17">16</sup><p> UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), Minority Rights: International Standards and Guidance for Implementation, 2010, HR/PUB/10/3, <http://www.refworld.org/docid/4db80ca52.html> <a href="#footnote-ref-17">↑</a></p></div></div> Russian 0 characters edited Current translation a month ago
None String updated in the repository SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Russian	English <p>UNDP will make available a quality assessment protocol for national statistics office to be used at national level and intended to assess the alignment of data produced with users’ needs, the compliance with guidelines in terms of computations, the timeliness of data production, the accessibility of statistics produced, the consistent use of methodology both in terms of geographic representation and through time, the coherence in terms of data production, and the architecture of data production.</p> Russian 0 characters edited Current translation a month ago
None String updated in the repository SDG Metadata / 16-7-2 — Russian	English <p><strong>Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of data at national level:</strong> </p> <p>To disaggregate survey results by disability status, it is recommended that countries use the <a href="https://www.washingtongroup-disability.com/question-sets/wg-short-set-on-functioning-wg-ss/">Short Set of Questions on<strong> </strong>Disability<strong> </strong>elaborated by the Washington Group</a>. </p> <p><strong>Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of data at international level:</strong></p> <p>European Social Survey: Source questionnaire and accompanying guidance, in various languages: </p> <p><a href="https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/methodology/ess_methodology/source_questionnaire/">https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/methodology/ess_methodology/source_questionnaire/</a> </p> <p>OECD’s Adult Skills Survey (PIAAC): Questionnaire and accompanying guidance, in various languages: <a href="http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/samplequestionsandquestionnaire.htm">http://www.oecd.org/skills/piaac/samplequestionsandquestionnaire.htm</a> </p> Russian 0 characters edited Current translation a month ago

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