2. SDG Metadata
3. 15-5-1

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.iucn.org/assessment/red-list-index">https://www.iucn.org/assessment/red-list-index</a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>These metadata are based on <a href="https://www.bipindicators.net/indicators/red-list-index">https://www.bipindicators.net/indicators/red-list-index</a> and the references listed below.</p>
<p>BAILLIE, J. E. M. et al. (2004). 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: a Global Species Assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830</a>. </p>
<p>BROOKS, T. M. et al. (2015). Harnessing biodiversity and conservation knowledge products to track the Aichi Targets and Sustainable Development Goals. Biodiversity 16: 157&#x2013;174. Available from <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903</a>. </p>
<p>BUBB, P.J. et al. (2009). IUCN Red List Index - Guidance for National and Regional Use. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1187512">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1187512</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. (2008). Red List Indices to measure the sustainability of species use and impacts of invasive alien species. Bird Conservation International 18 (suppl.): 245&#x2013;262. Available from <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2007). Improvements to the Red List Index. PLoS ONE 2(1): e140. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2006). Biodiversity indicators based on trends in conservation status: strengths of the IUCN Red List Index. Conservation Biology 20: 579&#x2013;581. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2005). Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyond. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 360: 255&#x2013;268. Available from <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2004). Measuring global trends in the status of biodiversity: Red List Indices for birds. PLoS Biology 2(12): e383. Available from <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383</a>. </p>
<p>CARPENTER, K. E. et al. (2008). One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science 321: 560&#x2013;563. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1159196">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1159196</a> . </p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020a). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020b). Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Scientific and technical information to support the review of the updated Goals and Targets, and related indicators and baselines. Document CBD/SBSTTA/24/3. Available at: <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf">https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>DIAS, M.P, SIMKINS, A.T., &amp; PEARMAIN, E.J. (2020). Code (and documentation) for calculating and plotting national RLIs weighted by the proportion of each species&#x2019; distribution within a country or region. <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes</a>. </p>
<p>CROXALL, J. P. et al. (2012). Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment. Bird Conservation International 22: 1&#x2013;34. </p>
<p>G&#xC4;RDENFORS, U. (ed.) (2010). R&#xF6;dlistade arter i Sverige 2010 &#x2013; The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2010). The impact of conservation on the status of the world&#x2019;s vertebrates. Science 330: 1503&#x2013;1509. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1194442">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1194442</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2011). The changing fates of the world&#x2019;s mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 366: 2598&#x2013;2610. Available from <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN SPSC (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. International Union for Conservation of Nature &#x2013; Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012a). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012b). Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National</p>
<p>Levels: Version 4.0. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2013). Documentation Standards and Consistency Checks for IUCN Red List assessments and species accounts. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines</a>.</p>
<p>IUCN (2015). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>. </p>
<p>MACE, G. M. et al. (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN&#x2019;s system for classifying threatened species. Conservation Biology 22: 1424&#x2013;1442. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>MCGEOCH, M. A. et al. (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions 16: 95&#x2013;108. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>PIHL, S. &amp; FLENSTED, K. N. (2011). A Red List Index for breeding birds in Denmark in the period 1991-2009. Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 105: 211-218.</p>
<p>REGAN, E. et al. (2015). Global trends in the status of bird and mammal pollinators. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12162. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2014). Spatially explicit trends in the global conservation status of vertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934</a>. </p>
<p>SALAFSKY, N., et al. (2008) A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: unified classifications of threats and actions. Conservation Biology 22: 897&#x2013;911. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484</a>. </p>
<p>VISCONTI, P. et al. (2015) Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12159. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract</a>.</p>

<h1>Ссылки</h1>
<h2> URL-адрес:</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.iucn.org/"> http://www.iucn.org/</a>
<p><a href="http://www.birdlife.org/">http://www.birdlife.org/</a></p>
<h2> Ссылки:</h2>
<p> Эти метаданные основаны на <a href="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-7-Proportion-of-species-threatened-with-extinction.ashx,%20supplemented%20by%20http:/www.bipindicators.net/rli/2010%20">http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-7-Proportion-of-species-threatened-with-extinction.ashx, supplemented by http://www.bipindicators.net/rli/2010</a> и ссылках, приведенных ниже.</p>
<p>BAILLIE, J. E. M. et al. (2004). 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: a Global Species Assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom. Доступно на <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830.%20">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830.</a></p>
<p>BROOKS, T. M. et al. (2015). Harnessing biodiversity and conservation knowledge products to track the Aichi Targets and Sustainable Development Goals. Biodiversity 16: 157&#x2013;174. Доступно на <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903</a>. </p>
<p>BUBB, P.J. et al. (2009). IUCN Red List Index - Guidance for National and Regional Use. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Доступно на <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321.">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321.</a></p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Доступно на <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.short</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. (2008). Red List Indices to measure the sustainability of species use and impacts of invasive alien species. Bird Conservation International 18 (suppl.): 245&#x2013;262. Доступно на <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2007). Improvements to the Red List Index. PLoS ONE 2(1): e140. Доступно на <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2006). Biodiversity indicators based on trends in conservation status: strengths of the IUCN Red List Index. Conservation Biology 20: 579&#x2013;581. Доступно на <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2005). Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyond. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 360: 255&#x2013;268. Доступно на <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full.">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full.</a></p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2004). Measuring global trends in the status of biodiversity: Red List Indices for birds. PLoS Biology 2(12): e383. Доступно на <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383</a>. </p>
<p>CARPENTER, K. E. et al. (2008). One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science 321: 560&#x2013;563. Доступно на <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/321/5888/560.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/321/5888/560.short</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Доступно на <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>. </p>
<p>CROXALL, J. P. et al. (2012). Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment. Bird Conservation International 22: 1&#x2013;34. </p>
<p>G&#xC4;RDENFORS, U. (ed.) (2010). R&#xF6;dlistade arter i Sverige 2010 &#x2013; The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Доступно на <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2010). The impact of conservation on the status of the world&#x2019;s vertebrates. Science 330: 1503&#x2013;1509. Доступно на <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6010/1503.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6010/1503.short</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2011). The changing fates of the world&#x2019;s mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 366: 2598&#x2013;2610. Доступно на <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract%20">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract</a></p>
<p>IUCN SPSC (2016) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. International Union for Conservation of Nature &#x2013; Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, Gland, Switzerland. Доступно на <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf">http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012a). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Доступно на <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012b). Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Доступно на <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2013). Documentation Standards and Consistency Checks for IUCN Red List assessments and species accounts. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Доступно на <a href="http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/RL_Standards_Consistency.pdf">http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/RL_Standards_Consistency.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>IUCN (2015). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Доступно на <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>. </p>
<p>MACE, G. M. et al. (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN&#x2019;s system for classifying threatened species. Conservation Biology 22: 1424&#x2013;1442. Доступно на <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>MCGEOCH, M. A. et al. (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions 16: 95&#x2013;108. Доступно на <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>PIHL, S. &amp; FLENSTED, K. N. (2011). A Red List Index for breeding birds in Denmark in the period 1991-2009. Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 105: 211-218.</p>
<p>REGAN, E. et al. (2015). Global trends in the status of bird and mammal pollinators. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12162. Доступно на <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2014). Spatially explicit trends in the global conservation status of vertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. Доступно на <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934</a>. </p>
<p>SALAFSKY, N., et al. (2008) A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: unified classifications of threats and actions. Conservation Biology 22: 897&#x2013;911. Доступно на <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Доступно на <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short</a>. </p>
<p>VISCONTI, P. et al. (2015) Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12159. Доступно на <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract</a>.</p>

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.iucn.org/assessment/red-list-index;">https://www.iucn.org/assessment/red-list-index</a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>These metadata are based on <a href="https://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-7-Proportion-of-species-threatened-with-extinction.ashx, supplemented by www.bipindicators.net/indicators/red-list-index">https://www.bipindicators.net/rli/2010indicators/red-list-index</a> and the references listed below.</p>
<p>BAILLIE, J. E. M. et al. (2004). 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: a Global Species Assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830</a>. </p>
<p>BROOKS, T. M. et al. (2015). Harnessing biodiversity and conservation knowledge products to track the Aichi Targets and Sustainable Development Goals. Biodiversity 16: 157&#x2013;174. Available from <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903</a>. </p>
<p>BUBB, P.J. et al. (2009). IUCN Red List Index - Guidance for National and Regional Use. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Available from <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1187512">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1187512</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. (2008). Red List Indices to measure the sustainability of species use and impacts of invasive alien species. Bird Conservation International 18 (suppl.): 245&#x2013;262. Available from <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2007). Improvements to the Red List Index. PLoS ONE 2(1): e140. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2006). Biodiversity indicators based on trends in conservation status: strengths of the IUCN Red List Index. Conservation Biology 20: 579&#x2013;581. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2005). Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyond. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 360: 255&#x2013;268. Available from <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2004). Measuring global trends in the status of biodiversity: Red List Indices for birds. PLoS Biology 2(12): e383. Available from <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383</a>. </p>
<p>CARPENTER, K. E. et al. (2008). One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science 321: 560&#x2013;563. Available from <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/content/321/5888/560.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1159196">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1159196</a> . </p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020a). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020b). Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Scientific and technical information to support the review of the updated Goals and Targets, and related indicators and baselines. Document CBD/SBSTTA/24/3. Available at: <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf">https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>DIAS, M.P, SIMKINS, A.T., &amp; PEARMAIN, E.J. (2020). Code (and documentation) for calculating and plotting national RLIs weighted by the proportion of each species&#x2019; distribution within a country or region. <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes</a>. </p>
<p>CROXALL, J. P. et al. (2012). Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment. Bird Conservation International 22: 1&#x2013;34. </p>
<p>G&#xC4;RDENFORS, U. (ed.) (2010). R&#xF6;dlistade arter i Sverige 2010 &#x2013; The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2010). The impact of conservation on the status of the world&#x2019;s vertebrates. Science 330: 1503&#x2013;1509. Available from http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6010/1503.short. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2011). The changing fates of the world&#x2019;s mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 366: 2598&#x2013;2610. Available from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract </p>
<p>IUCN SPSC (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. International Union for Conservation of Nature &#x2013; Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, Gland, Switzerland. Available from http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012a). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012b). Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National</p>
<p>Levels: Version 4.0. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336. </p>
<p>IUCN (2013). Documentation Standards and Consistency Checks for IUCN Red List assessments and species accounts. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/RL_Standards_Consistency.pdf.</p>
<p>IUCN (2015). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from http://www.iucnredlist.org. </p>
<p>MACE, G. M. et al. (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN&#x2019;s system for classifying threatened species. Conservation Biology 22: 1424&#x2013;1442. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full. </p>
<p>MCGEOCH, M. A. et al. (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions 16: 95&#x2013;108. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract. </p>
<p>PIHL, S. &amp; FLENSTED, K. N. (2011). A Red List Index for breeding birds in Denmark in the period 1991-2009. Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 105: 211-218.</p>
<p>REGAN, E. et al. (2015). Global trends in the status of bird and mammal pollinators. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12162. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract. </p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2014). Spatially explicit trends in the global conservation status of vertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934. </p>
<p>SALAFSKY, N., et al. (2008) A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: unified classifications of threats and actions. Conservation Biology 22: 897&#x2013;911. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short. </p>
<p>VISCONTI, P. et al. (2015) Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12159. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract"><u>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract</u>">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2010). The impact of conservation on the status of the world&#x2019;s vertebrates. Science 330: 1503&#x2013;1509. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1194442">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1194442</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2011). The changing fates of the world&#x2019;s mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 366: 2598&#x2013;2610. Available from <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN SPSC (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. International Union for Conservation of Nature &#x2013; Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012a). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012b). Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National</p>
<p>Levels: Version 4.0. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2013). Documentation Standards and Consistency Checks for IUCN Red List assessments and species accounts. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines</a>.</p>
<p>IUCN (2015). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>. </p>
<p>MACE, G. M. et al. (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN&#x2019;s system for classifying threatened species. Conservation Biology 22: 1424&#x2013;1442. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>MCGEOCH, M. A. et al. (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions 16: 95&#x2013;108. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>PIHL, S. &amp; FLENSTED, K. N. (2011). A Red List Index for breeding birds in Denmark in the period 1991-2009. Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 105: 211-218.</p>
<p>REGAN, E. et al. (2015). Global trends in the status of bird and mammal pollinators. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12162. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2014). Spatially explicit trends in the global conservation status of vertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934</a>. </p>
<p>SALAFSKY, N., et al. (2008) A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: unified classifications of threats and actions. Conservation Biology 22: 897&#x2013;911. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484</a>. </p>
<p>VISCONTI, P. et al. (2015) Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12159. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract</a>.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>The Red List Index has been classified by the IAEG-SDGs as Tier 1. Current data are available for all countries in the world, and these are updated annually. Index values for each country are available in the UN SDG Indicators Database <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/">https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/</a>. Red List Index graphs and underlying index data are available for each country, SDG regions, IPBES region, CMS region and various thematic disaggregations at <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/search">https://www.iucnredlist.org/search</a>. Red List Index graphs are also available for each country in the BIP Indicators Dashboard (<a href="https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html">https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html</a>), the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool Country Profiles (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>), and (for birds) on the BirdLife International Data Zone (http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/dashboard).</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>The Red List Index can be downscaled to show national and regional Red List Indices, weighted by the fraction of each species&#x2019; distribution occurring within the country or region, building on the method published by Rodrigues et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. These show an index of how well species are conserved in a country or region to its potential contribution to global species conservation (for the taxonomic groups of species included). The index is calculated as: </p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<p>where t is the year of comprehensive reassessment, u is the spatial unit (i.e. country), W_((t,s)) is the weight of the global Red List category for species s at time t (Least Concern =0, Near Threatened =1, Vulnerable =2, Endangered =3, Critically Endangered =4, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) =5, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) =5, Extinct in the Wild =5 and Extinct =5), WEX = 5 is the weight for Extinct species, r_su is the fraction of the total range of species s in unit u, and R_s is the total range size of species s.</p>
<p>The index varies from 1 if the country has contributed the minimum it can to the global RLI (i.e., if the numerator is 0 because all species in the country are Least Concern) to 0 if the country has contributed the maximum it can to the global RLI (i.e., if the numerator equals the denominator because all species in the country are Extinct or Possibly Extinct). </p>
<p>The taxonomic groups included are those in which all species have been assessed for the IUCN Red List more than once. Red List categories for years in which comprehensive assessments (i.e. those in which all species in the taxonomic group have been assessed) were carried out are determined following the approach of Butchart et al. 2007; PLoS ONE 2(1): e140, i.e. they match the current categories except for those taxa that have undergone genuine improvement or deterioration in extinction risk of sufficient magnitude to qualify for a higher or lower Red List category.</p>
<p>The indicator can also be disaggregated by ecosystems, habitats, and other political and geographic divisions (e.g., Han et al. 2014), by taxonomic subsets (e.g., Hoffmann et al. 2011), by suites of species relevant to particular international treaties or legislation (e.g., Croxall et al. 2012), by suites of species exposed to particular threatening processes (e.g., Butchart 2008), and by suites of species that deliver particular ecosystem services, or have particular biological or life-history traits (e.g., Regan et al. 2015). In each case, information can be obtained from The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to determine which species are relevant to particular subsets (e.g., which occur in particular ecosystems, habitats, and geographic areas of interest). These disaggregations are available on the IUCN Red List website at https://www.iucnredlist.org/search.</p>
<p>Disaggregations of the Red List Index are also of particular relevance as indicators towards the following SDG targets (Brooks et al. 2015): SDG 2.4 Red List Index (species used for food and medicine); SDG 2.5 Red List Index (wild relatives and local breeds); SDG 12.2 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); SDG 12.4 Red List Index (impacts of pollution); SDG 13.1 Red List Index (impacts of climate change); SDG 14.1 Red List Index (impacts of pollution on marine species); SDG 14.2 Red List Index (marine species); SDG 14.3 Red List Index (reef-building coral species) (Carpenter et al. 2008); SDG 14.4 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation on marine species); SDG 15.1 Red List Index (terrestrial &amp; freshwater species); SDG 15.2 Red List Index (forest-specialist species); SDG 15.4 Red List Index (mountain species); SDG 15.7 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); and SDG 15.8 Red List Index (impacts of invasive alien species) (Butchart 2008, McGeoch et al. 2010).</p>

<h1> Доступность данных </h1>
<h2> Описание: </h2>
<p> Индекс Красной книги был классифицирован Межучрежденческой и экспертной группой по показателям достижения целей в области устойчивого развития (МЭГ-ЦУР) как Уровень 1. Текущие данные доступны по всем странам мира и обновляются на регулярной основе (примерно раз в четыре года). </p>
<h2> Временные ряды: </h2>
<p> С 1980 года (примерно 35 лет). </p>
<h2> Дезагрегирование: </h2>
<p> Масштабность Индекса Красной книги может быть уменьшена для отображения национальных и региональных Индексов Красной книги, взвешенных на долю распространения каждого вида, находящегося в пределах страны или региона, основываясь на методе, опубликованном Rodrigues et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9 (11): e113934. Они отражают индекс совокупной вероятности выживания (обратный риску исчезновения) для всех птиц, млекопитающих, амфибий, кораллов и саговников, встречающихся в стране или регионе. Индекс показывает, насколько хорошо виды сохраняются в стране или регионе по отношению к потенциальному вкладу в глобальное сохранение видов. Индекс рассчитывается как: </p>
<p> RLI (t, u) = 1 &#x2013; [(Ss (W (t, s) * (rsu / Rs)) / (WEX * Ss (rsu / RS)) </p>
<p> где t - год всесторонней переоценки, u - пространственная единица (т.е. страна), W _ ((t, s)) - вес глобальной категории Красной книги для видов s в момент времени t ("Находятся под наименьшей угрозой" = 0 , "Близки к уязвимому положению" = 1, "В уязвимом положении" = 2," В опасности" = 3, "В критической опасности" = 4, "В критической опасности (возможно исчезнувшие)" = 5, "В критической опасности (возможно исчезнувшие в дикой природе)" = 5, "Исчезнувшие в дикой природе" = 5 и "Исчезнувший вид" = 5 ), WEX = 5 - это вес исчезнувших видов, r_su - это доля от общего ареала видов s в единице u, а R_s - общий размер ареала видов s. </p>
<p> Индекс изменяется от 1, если страна внесла минимальный вклад в глобальный Индекс Красной книги (т. е. если числитель равен 0, поскольку все виды в стране являются находящимися под наименьшей угрозой) до 0, если страна внесла максимально возможный вклад в глобальный Индекс Красной книги (то есть, если числитель равен знаменателю, потому что все виды в стране считаются исчезнувшими или возможно исчезнувшими). </p>
<p> В таксономические группы включены виды, которые оценивались для включения в Красную книгу МСОП более одного раза. Категории Красной книги за годы, в которые проводились комплексные оценки (т. е. те, в которых были оценены все виды в таксономической группе), определяются в соответствии с подходом Butchart et al. 2007; PLoS ONE 2 (1): e140, т.е. они соответствуют текущим категориям, за исключением тех таксонов, которые подверглись действительному улучшению или ухудшению факторов риска исчезновения, достаточного для того, чтобы претендовать на более высокую или низкую категорию Красной книги.</p>
<p>Показатель также может быть дезагрегирован по экосистемам, средам обитания и другим политическим и географическим подразделениям (например, Han et al. 2014), по таксономическим подмножествам (например, Hoffmann et al. 2011), по группам видов, относящихся к конкретным международным договорам или законодательству (например, Croxall et al.2012), наборам видов, подверженных определенным угрожающим процессам (например, Butchart 2008), и наборам видов, которые предоставляют определенные экосистемные услуги или имеют определенные биологические или жизненные черты (например, Regan et al.2015). В каждом случае можно получить информацию из Красной книги МСОП угрожаемых видов, чтобы определить, какие виды относятся к определенным подмножествам (например, которые встречаются в определенных экосистемах, местообитаниях и географических районах, представляющих интерес). </p>
<p>Дезагрегирование Индекса Красной книги также имеет особое значение в качестве показателей для следующих задач ЦУР (Brooks et al. 2015): Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 2.4 (виды, используемые для производства продуктов питания и лекарств); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 2.5 (дикие сородичи и местные породы); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 12.2 (влияние использования) (Butchart 2008); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 12.4 (воздействие загрязнения); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 13.1 (последствия изменения климата); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 14.1 (воздействие загрязнения на морские виды); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 14.2 (морские виды); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 14.3 (рифообразующие кораллы) (Карпентер и др., 2008); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 14.4 (воздействие использования на морские виды); специальная совместная группа технических экспертов ФАО-МСОП в настоящее время работает над выработкой согласованных рекомендаций по использованию и интерпретации этого показателя; Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 15.1 (наземные и пресноводные виды); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 15.2 (виды лесо-специалисты); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 15.4 (горные виды); Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 15.7 (влияние использования) (Butchart 2008); и Индекс Красной книги ЦУР 15.8 (воздействие инвазивных чужеродных видов) (Butchart 2008, McGeoch et al. 2010). </p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>The Red List Index has been classified by the IAEG-SDGs as Tier 1. Current data are available for all countries in the world, and these are updated annually. Index values for each country are available in the UN SDG Indicators Database <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/">https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/</a>. Red List Index graphs and underlying index data are available for each country, SDG regions, IPBES region, CMS region and various thematic disaggregations at <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/search">https://www.iucnredlist.org/search</a>. Red List Index graphs are also available for each country in the BIP Indicators Dashboard (<a href="https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html">https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html</a>), the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool Country Profiles (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>), and (for birds) on the BirdLife International Data Zone (http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/dashboard).</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>The Red List Index can be downscaled to show national and regional Red List Indices, weighted by the fraction of each species&#x2019; distribution occurring within the country or region, building on the method published by Rodrigues et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. These show an index of how well species are conserved in a country or region to its potential contribution to global species conservation (for the taxonomic groups of species included). The index is calculated as: </p>
<p>RLI(t,u) = 1 &#x2013; [(Ss(W(t,s) * (rsu/Rs)) / (WEX * Ss (rsu/Rs))<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<p>where t is the year of comprehensive reassessment, u is the spatial unit (i.e. country), W_((t,s)) is the weight of the global Red List category for species s at time t (Least Concern =0, Near Threatened =1, Vulnerable =2, Endangered =3, Critically Endangered =4, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) =5, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) =5, Extinct in the Wild =5 and Extinct =5), WEX = 5 is the weight for Extinct species, r_su is the fraction of the total range of species s in unit u, and R_s is the total range size of species s.</p>
<p>The index varies from 1 if the country has contributed the minimum it can to the global RLI (i.e., if the numerator is 0 because all species in the country are Least Concern) to 0 if the country has contributed the maximum it can to the global RLI (i.e., if the numerator equals the denominator because all species in the country are Extinct or Possibly Extinct). </p>
<p>The taxonomic groups included are those in which all species have been assessed for the IUCN Red List more than once. Red List categories for years in which comprehensive assessments (i.e. those in which all species in the taxonomic group have been assessed) were carried out are determined following the approach of Butchart et al. 2007; PLoS ONE 2(1): e140, i.e. they match the current categories except for those taxa that have undergone genuine improvement or deterioration in extinction risk of sufficient magnitude to qualify for a higher or lower Red List category.</p>
<p>The indicator can also be disaggregated by ecosystems, habitats, and other political and geographic divisions (e.g., Han et al. 2014), by taxonomic subsets (e.g., Hoffmann et al. 2011), by suites of species relevant to particular international treaties or legislation (e.g., Croxall et al. 2012), by suites of species exposed to particular threatening processes (e.g., Butchart 2008), and by suites of species that deliver particular ecosystem services, or have particular biological or life-history traits (e.g., Regan et al. 2015). In each case, information can be obtained from The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to determine which species are relevant to particular subsets (e.g., which occur in particular ecosystems, habitats, and geographic areas of interest). These disaggregations are available on the IUCN Red List website at https://www.iucnredlist.org/search.</p>
<p>Disaggregations of the Red List Index are also of particular relevance as indicators towards the following SDG targets (Brooks et al. 2015): SDG 2.4 Red List Index (species used for food and medicine); SDG 2.5 Red List Index (wild relatives and local breeds); SDG 12.2 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); SDG 12.4 Red List Index (impacts of pollution); SDG 13.1 Red List Index (impacts of climate change); SDG 14.1 Red List Index (impacts of pollution on marine species); SDG 14.2 Red List Index (marine species); SDG 14.3 Red List Index (reef-building coral species) (Carpenter et al. 2008); SDG 14.4 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation on marine species); SDG 15.1 Red List Index (terrestrial &amp; freshwater species); SDG 15.2 Red List Index (forest-specialist species); SDG 15.4 Red List Index (mountain species); SDG 15.7 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); and SDG 15.8 Red List Index (impacts of invasive alien species) (Butchart 2008, McGeoch et al. 2010).</p>

<p>The IUCN Red List is governed by a Red List Committee (<a href="https://www.iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-red-list-committee">https://www.iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-red-list-committee</a>), comprising representatives from the Red List Partnership, the IUCN Species Survival Commission, and the IUCN Secretariat. This committee establishes and maintains the Red List Strategic Plan, including ongoing evaluation of fitness for use i.e. the degree to which the IUCN Red List meets user&#x2019;s requirements. This encompasses, inter alia, considerations of relevance, accuracy, timeliness, consistency, comprehensiveness, and accessibility. </p>

<p>See above, and full documentation in the Red List Rules of Procedure (<a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure</a>) in particular Annex 3, the &#x201C;Details of the Steps Involved in the IUCN Red List Process&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</a>). In sum: all Red List assessments are peer reviewed through the relevant Red List Authority for the species or species group in question; and all Red List assessments undergo consistency checks (to ensure consistency with assessments submitted for other taxonomic groups, regions, processes, etc.) by the Red List Unit before publication on the Red List website (<a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>). Finally, the Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (elected each four years by the government and non-governmental Members of IUCN) appoints a Chair for a Standards and Petitions Sub-Committee (<a href="https://www.iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-standards-and-petitions-committee">https://www.iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-standards-and-petitions-committee</a>), which is responsible for ensuring the quality and standards of the IUCN Red List and for ruling on petitions against the listings of species on the IUCN Red List. </p>

<h2> Обеспечение качества: </h2>
<p> См. существующие метаданные для показателя 15.5.1 ЦУР Индекса Красной книги, особенно раздел &#x201C;Методология&#x201D;, с полной документацией в Правилах процедуры Красной книги (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Rules_of_Procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Rules_of_Procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf</a>), в частности Приложение 3, &#x201C;Подробная информация о мерах, включенных в разработку процессов Красной книги МСОП&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3 .amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</a>). В итоге: все оценки Красной книги проходят процедуру получения экспертного заключения в соответствующем органе Красной книги для рассматриваемых видов или групп видов; и все оценки Красной книги проходят проверки согласованности (для обеспечения согласованности с оценками, представленными для других таксономических групп, регионов, процессов и т. д.) отделом Красной книги перед публикацией на веб-сайте Красной книги (<a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist .org/</a>). Наконец, председатель комиссии МСОП по выживанию видов (избирается каждые четыре года правительством и неправительственными членами МСОП) назначает председателя подкомитета по стандартам и петициям (<a href="https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission/ssc-leadership-and-steering-committee/sub-committees/standards-and-petitions-subcommittee">https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission/ssc-leadership-and-steering-committee/sub-committees/standards-and-petitions-subcommittee</a>, который отвечает за обеспечение качества и стандартов Красной книги МСОП и за рассмотрение петиций по включению видов в Красную книгу МСОП. </p>
<p> В дополнение к распространению через веб-сайт Красной книги (<a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>) данные Красной книги распространяются через Инструмент комплексной оценки биоразнообразия, доступный для исследования и сохранения в Интернете (<a href="https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/">https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/</a>). Он включает документы странового профиля для всех стран мира, которые включают документацию по показателю Красной книги за текущий год, начиная с 2016 года. Первое издание каждого из этих страновых профилей было отправлено для консультации национальным координаторам Конвенции о биологическом разнообразии (<a href="https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml">https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml</a>) на 13-м заседании Конференции Сторон Конвенции о биологическом разнообразии; и этот процесс будет повторяться ежегодно.</p>

<p>See above, and full documentation in the Red List Rules of Procedure (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Rwww.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules_of_P-of-procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf"><u>https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/R">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules_of_P-of-procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf</u></a>) in particular Annex 3, the &#x201C;Details of the Steps Involved in the IUCN Red List Process&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf"><u>https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</u></a>). In sum: all Red List assessments are peer reviewed through the relevant Red List Authority for the species or species group in question; and all Red List assessments undergo consistency checks (to ensure consistency with assessments submitted for other taxonomic groups, regions, processes, etc.) by the Red List Unit before publication on the Red List website (<a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/"><u>http://www.iucnredlist.org/</u></a>). Finally, the Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (elected each four years by the government and non-governmental Members of IUCN) appoints a Chair for a Standards and Petitions Sub-Committee (<a href="https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission/ssc-leadership-and-steering-committee/sub-committees/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-standards-and-petitions-subcommittee"><u>https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission/ssc-leadership-and-steering-committee/sub-committees/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-standards-and-petitions-subcommittee</u></a>), which is responsible for ensuring the quality and standards of the IUCN Red List and for ruling on petitions against the listings of species on the IUCN Red List. </p>

<p>See above and below, and full documentation in the Red List Rules of Procedure (<a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure</a>) in particular Annex 3, the &#x201C;Details of the Steps Involved in the IUCN Red List Process&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</a>).</p>