2. SDG Metadata
3. 15-5-1
4. Spanish

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.iucn.org/assessment/red-list-index">https://www.iucn.org/assessment/red-list-index</a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>These metadata are based on <a href="https://www.bipindicators.net/indicators/red-list-index">https://www.bipindicators.net/indicators/red-list-index</a> and the references listed below.</p>
<p>BAILLIE, J. E. M. et al. (2004). 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: a Global Species Assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830</a>. </p>
<p>BROOKS, T. M. et al. (2015). Harnessing biodiversity and conservation knowledge products to track the Aichi Targets and Sustainable Development Goals. Biodiversity 16: 157&#x2013;174. Available from <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903</a>. </p>
<p>BUBB, P.J. et al. (2009). IUCN Red List Index - Guidance for National and Regional Use. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1187512">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1187512</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. (2008). Red List Indices to measure the sustainability of species use and impacts of invasive alien species. Bird Conservation International 18 (suppl.): 245&#x2013;262. Available from <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2007). Improvements to the Red List Index. PLoS ONE 2(1): e140. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2006). Biodiversity indicators based on trends in conservation status: strengths of the IUCN Red List Index. Conservation Biology 20: 579&#x2013;581. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2005). Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyond. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 360: 255&#x2013;268. Available from <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2004). Measuring global trends in the status of biodiversity: Red List Indices for birds. PLoS Biology 2(12): e383. Available from <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383</a>. </p>
<p>CARPENTER, K. E. et al. (2008). One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science 321: 560&#x2013;563. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1159196">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1159196</a> . </p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020a). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020b). Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Scientific and technical information to support the review of the updated Goals and Targets, and related indicators and baselines. Document CBD/SBSTTA/24/3. Available at: <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf">https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>DIAS, M.P, SIMKINS, A.T., &amp; PEARMAIN, E.J. (2020). Code (and documentation) for calculating and plotting national RLIs weighted by the proportion of each species&#x2019; distribution within a country or region. <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes</a>. </p>
<p>CROXALL, J. P. et al. (2012). Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment. Bird Conservation International 22: 1&#x2013;34. </p>
<p>G&#xC4;RDENFORS, U. (ed.) (2010). R&#xF6;dlistade arter i Sverige 2010 &#x2013; The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2010). The impact of conservation on the status of the world&#x2019;s vertebrates. Science 330: 1503&#x2013;1509. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1194442">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1194442</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2011). The changing fates of the world&#x2019;s mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 366: 2598&#x2013;2610. Available from <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN SPSC (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. International Union for Conservation of Nature &#x2013; Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012a). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012b). Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National</p>
<p>Levels: Version 4.0. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2013). Documentation Standards and Consistency Checks for IUCN Red List assessments and species accounts. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines</a>.</p>
<p>IUCN (2015). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>. </p>
<p>MACE, G. M. et al. (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN&#x2019;s system for classifying threatened species. Conservation Biology 22: 1424&#x2013;1442. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>MCGEOCH, M. A. et al. (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions 16: 95&#x2013;108. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>PIHL, S. &amp; FLENSTED, K. N. (2011). A Red List Index for breeding birds in Denmark in the period 1991-2009. Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 105: 211-218.</p>
<p>REGAN, E. et al. (2015). Global trends in the status of bird and mammal pollinators. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12162. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2014). Spatially explicit trends in the global conservation status of vertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934</a>. </p>
<p>SALAFSKY, N., et al. (2008) A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: unified classifications of threats and actions. Conservation Biology 22: 897&#x2013;911. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484</a>. </p>
<p>VISCONTI, P. et al. (2015) Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12159. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract</a>.</p>

<h1>Referencias</h1>
<h2>URL:</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.iucn.org/">http://www.iucn.org/</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.birdlife.org/">http://www.birdlife.org/</a></p>
<h2>Referencias:</h2>
<p>Estos metadatos se basan en <a href="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-7-Proportion-of-species-threatened-with-extinction.ashx,%20supplemented%20by%20http:/www.bipindicators.net/rli/2010%20">http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-7-Proportion-of-species-threatened-with-extinction.ashx, complementados por http://www.bipindicators.net/rli/2010</a> y las referencias que se indican a continuación.</p>
<p>BAILLIE, J. E. M. et al. (2004). 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: a Global Species Assessment. UICN, Gland, Suiza y Cambridge, Reino Unido. Disponible en <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830.%20">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830.</a> </p>
<p>BROOKS, T. M. et al. (2015). Aprovechamiento de los productos de conocimiento sobre biodiversidad y conservación para el seguimiento de las Metas de Aichi y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Biodiversidad 16: 157&#x2013;174. Disponible en <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903</a>. </p>
<p>BUBB, P.J. et al. (2009). IUCN Red List Index - Guidance for National and Regional Use. UICN, Gland, Suiza. Disponible en <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321.">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321.</a></p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Disponible en <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.short</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. (2008). Índices de la Lista Roja para medir la sostenibilidad del uso de las especies y los impactos de las especies exóticas invasoras. Bird Conservation International 18 (suppl.): 245&#x2013;262. Disponible en <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2007). Improvements to the Red List Index. PLoS ONE 2(1): e140. Disponible en <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2006). Biodiversity indicators based on trends in conservation status: strengths of the IUCN Red List Index. Conservation Biology 20: 579&#x2013;581. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2005). Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyond. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 360: 255&#x2013;268. Disponible en <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full.">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full.</a> </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2004). Measuring global trends in the status of biodiversity: Red List Indices for birds. PLoS Biology 2(12): e383. Disponible en <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383</a>. </p>
<p>CARPENTER, K. E. et al. (2008). Un tercio de los corales constructores de arrecifes se enfrenta a un elevado riesgo de extinción por el cambio climático y los impactos locales. Science 321: 560&#x2013;563. Disponible en <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/321/5888/560.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/321/5888/560.short</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2014). Perspectiva mundial sobre la biodiversidad 4. Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica, Montr&#xE9;al, Canadá. Disponible en <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>. </p>
<p>CROXALL, J. P. et al. (2012). Estado de conservación de las aves marinas, amenazas y acciones prioritarias: una evaluación global. Bird Conservation International 22: 1&#x2013;34. </p>
<p>G&#xC4;RDENFORS, U. (ed.) (2010). R&#xF6;dlistade arter i Sverige 2010 &#x2013; The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Disponible en <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2010). The impact of conservation on the status of the world&#x2019;s vertebrates. Science 330: 1503&#x2013;1509. Disponible en <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6010/1503.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6010/1503.short</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2011). The changing fates of the world&#x2019;s mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 366: 2598&#x2013;2610. Disponible en <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract%20">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract</a> </p>
<p>UICN SPSC (2016) Directrices para el uso de las categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN. Versión 12. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza &#x2013; Subcomité de Normas y Peticiones, Gland, Suiza. Disponible en <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf">http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf</a>. </p>
<p>UICN (2012a). Categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN: Versión 3.1. Segunda edición. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Gland, Suiza. Disponible en <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>. </p>
<p>UICN (2012b). Directrices para la aplicación de los criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN a nivel regional y nacional</p>
<p>Niveles regionales y nacionales: Versión 4.0. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Gland, Suiza. Disponible en <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2013). Normas de documentación y controles de coherencia para las evaluaciones de la Lista Roja de la UICN y las cuentas de las especies. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Gland, Suiza. Disponible en <a href="http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/RL_Standards_Consistency.pdf">http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/RL_Standards_Consistency.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>IUCN (2015). Lista roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN. Versión 2015.1. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Gland, Suiza. Disponible en <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>. </p>
<p>MACE, G. M. et al. (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: El sistema de la UICN para clasificar las especies amenazadas. Conservation Biology 22: 1424&#x2013;1442. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>MCGEOCH, M. A. et al. (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions 16: 95&#x2013;108. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>PIHL, S. y FLENSTED, K. N. (2011). Un índice de la Lista Roja para las aves reproductoras en Dinamarca en el período 1991-2009. Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 105: 211-218.</p>
<p>REGAN, E. et al. (2015). Tendencias globales en el estado de los polinizadores de aves y mamíferos. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12162. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2014). Tendencias espacialmente explícitas en el estado de conservación global de los vertebrados. PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. Disponible en <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934</a>. </p>
<p>SALAFSKY, N., et al. (2008) Un léxico estándar para la conservación de la biodiversidad: clasificaciones unificadas de amenazas y acciones. Conservation Biology 22: 897&#x2013;911. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). Un análisis a medio plazo del progreso hacia los objetivos internacionales de biodiversidad. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Disponible en <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short</a>. </p>
<p>VISCONTI, P. et al. (2015) Proyección de los indicadores de biodiversidad global bajo futuros escenarios de desarrollo. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12159. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract</a>.</p>

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.iucn.org/assessment/red-list-index;">https://www.iucn.org/assessment/red-list-index</a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>These metadata are based on <a href="https://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-7-Proportion-of-species-threatened-with-extinction.ashx, supplemented by www.bipindicators.net/indicators/red-list-index">https://www.bipindicators.net/rli/2010indicators/red-list-index</a> and the references listed below.</p>
<p>BAILLIE, J. E. M. et al. (2004). 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: a Global Species Assessment. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9830</a>. </p>
<p>BROOKS, T. M. et al. (2015). Harnessing biodiversity and conservation knowledge products to track the Aichi Targets and Sustainable Development Goals. Biodiversity 16: 157&#x2013;174. Available from <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14888386.2015.1075903</a>. </p>
<p>BUBB, P.J. et al. (2009). IUCN Red List Index - Guidance for National and Regional Use. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9321</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Available from <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1187512">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1187512</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. (2008). Red List Indices to measure the sustainability of species use and impacts of invasive alien species. Bird Conservation International 18 (suppl.): 245&#x2013;262. Available from <a href="http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI">http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=BCI</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2007). Improvements to the Red List Index. PLoS ONE 2(1): e140. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0000140</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2006). Biodiversity indicators based on trends in conservation status: strengths of the IUCN Red List Index. Conservation Biology 20: 579&#x2013;581. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00410.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2005). Using Red List Indices to measure progress towards the 2010 target and beyond. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 360: 255&#x2013;268. Available from <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/255.full</a>. </p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2004). Measuring global trends in the status of biodiversity: Red List Indices for birds. PLoS Biology 2(12): e383. Available from <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383">http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020383</a>. </p>
<p>CARPENTER, K. E. et al. (2008). One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science 321: 560&#x2013;563. Available from <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/content/321/5888/560.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1159196">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1159196</a> . </p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020a). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020b). Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Scientific and technical information to support the review of the updated Goals and Targets, and related indicators and baselines. Document CBD/SBSTTA/24/3. Available at: <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf">https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>DIAS, M.P, SIMKINS, A.T., &amp; PEARMAIN, E.J. (2020). Code (and documentation) for calculating and plotting national RLIs weighted by the proportion of each species&#x2019; distribution within a country or region. <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes</a>. </p>
<p>CROXALL, J. P. et al. (2012). Seabird conservation status, threats and priority actions: a global assessment. Bird Conservation International 22: 1&#x2013;34. </p>
<p>G&#xC4;RDENFORS, U. (ed.) (2010). R&#xF6;dlistade arter i Sverige 2010 &#x2013; The 2010 Red List of Swedish Species. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2010). The impact of conservation on the status of the world&#x2019;s vertebrates. Science 330: 1503&#x2013;1509. Available from <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6010/1503.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1194442">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1194442</a>. </p>
<p>HOFFMANN, M. et al. (2011). The changing fates of the world&#x2019;s mammals. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 366: 2598&#x2013;2610. Available from <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1578/2598.abstract</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN SPSC (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. International Union for Conservation of Nature &#x2013; Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGresources/redlistguidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines.pdf</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012a). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2012b). Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National</p>
<p>Levels: Version 4.0. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>. </p>
<p>IUCN (2013). Documentation Standards and Consistency Checks for IUCN Red List assessments and species accounts. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/RL_Standards_Consistency.pdfwww.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines</a>.</p>
<p>IUCN (2015). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from <a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org">http://www.iucnredlist.org</a>. </p>
<p>MACE, G. M. et al. (2008) Quantification of extinction risk: IUCN&#x2019;s system for classifying threatened species. Conservation Biology 22: 1424&#x2013;1442. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.01044.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>MCGEOCH, M. A. et al. (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions 16: 95&#x2013;108. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00633.x/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>PIHL, S. &amp; FLENSTED, K. N. (2011). A Red List Index for breeding birds in Denmark in the period 1991-2009. Dansk Ornitologisk Forenings Tidsskrift 105: 211-218.</p>
<p>REGAN, E. et al. (2015). Global trends in the status of bird and mammal pollinators. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12162. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12162/abstract</a>. </p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2014). Spatially explicit trends in the global conservation status of vertebrates. PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. Available from <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113934</a>. </p>
<p>SALAFSKY, N., et al. (2008) A standard lexicon for biodiversity conservation: unified classifications of threats and actions. Conservation Biology 22: 897&#x2013;911. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00937.x/full</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from <a href="https://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1257484">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484</a>. </p>
<p>VISCONTI, P. et al. (2015) Projecting global biodiversity indicators under future development scenarios. Conservation Letters. doi: 10.1111/conl.12159. Available from <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract"><u>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12159/abstract</u></a>.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>The Red List Index has been classified by the IAEG-SDGs as Tier 1. Current data are available for all countries in the world, and these are updated annually. Index values for each country are available in the UN SDG Indicators Database <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/">https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/</a>. Red List Index graphs and underlying index data are available for each country, SDG regions, IPBES region, CMS region and various thematic disaggregations at <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/search">https://www.iucnredlist.org/search</a>. Red List Index graphs are also available for each country in the BIP Indicators Dashboard (<a href="https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html">https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html</a>), the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool Country Profiles (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>), and (for birds) on the BirdLife International Data Zone (http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/dashboard).</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>The Red List Index can be downscaled to show national and regional Red List Indices, weighted by the fraction of each species&#x2019; distribution occurring within the country or region, building on the method published by Rodrigues et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. These show an index of how well species are conserved in a country or region to its potential contribution to global species conservation (for the taxonomic groups of species included). The index is calculated as: </p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<p>where t is the year of comprehensive reassessment, u is the spatial unit (i.e. country), W_((t,s)) is the weight of the global Red List category for species s at time t (Least Concern =0, Near Threatened =1, Vulnerable =2, Endangered =3, Critically Endangered =4, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) =5, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) =5, Extinct in the Wild =5 and Extinct =5), WEX = 5 is the weight for Extinct species, r_su is the fraction of the total range of species s in unit u, and R_s is the total range size of species s.</p>
<p>The index varies from 1 if the country has contributed the minimum it can to the global RLI (i.e., if the numerator is 0 because all species in the country are Least Concern) to 0 if the country has contributed the maximum it can to the global RLI (i.e., if the numerator equals the denominator because all species in the country are Extinct or Possibly Extinct). </p>
<p>The taxonomic groups included are those in which all species have been assessed for the IUCN Red List more than once. Red List categories for years in which comprehensive assessments (i.e. those in which all species in the taxonomic group have been assessed) were carried out are determined following the approach of Butchart et al. 2007; PLoS ONE 2(1): e140, i.e. they match the current categories except for those taxa that have undergone genuine improvement or deterioration in extinction risk of sufficient magnitude to qualify for a higher or lower Red List category.</p>
<p>The indicator can also be disaggregated by ecosystems, habitats, and other political and geographic divisions (e.g., Han et al. 2014), by taxonomic subsets (e.g., Hoffmann et al. 2011), by suites of species relevant to particular international treaties or legislation (e.g., Croxall et al. 2012), by suites of species exposed to particular threatening processes (e.g., Butchart 2008), and by suites of species that deliver particular ecosystem services, or have particular biological or life-history traits (e.g., Regan et al. 2015). In each case, information can be obtained from The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to determine which species are relevant to particular subsets (e.g., which occur in particular ecosystems, habitats, and geographic areas of interest). These disaggregations are available on the IUCN Red List website at https://www.iucnredlist.org/search.</p>
<p>Disaggregations of the Red List Index are also of particular relevance as indicators towards the following SDG targets (Brooks et al. 2015): SDG 2.4 Red List Index (species used for food and medicine); SDG 2.5 Red List Index (wild relatives and local breeds); SDG 12.2 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); SDG 12.4 Red List Index (impacts of pollution); SDG 13.1 Red List Index (impacts of climate change); SDG 14.1 Red List Index (impacts of pollution on marine species); SDG 14.2 Red List Index (marine species); SDG 14.3 Red List Index (reef-building coral species) (Carpenter et al. 2008); SDG 14.4 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation on marine species); SDG 15.1 Red List Index (terrestrial &amp; freshwater species); SDG 15.2 Red List Index (forest-specialist species); SDG 15.4 Red List Index (mountain species); SDG 15.7 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); and SDG 15.8 Red List Index (impacts of invasive alien species) (Butchart 2008, McGeoch et al. 2010).</p>

<h1>Disponibilidad de datos</h1>
<h2>Descripción:</h2>
<p>El Índice de la Lista Roja ha sido clasificado por el IAEG-SDG como Nivel 1. Se dispone de datos actuales para todos los países del mundo, que se actualizan periódicamente (aproximadamente una vez cada cuatro años).</p>
<h2>Series temporales:</h2>
<p>Desde 1980 (aproximadamente 35 años). </p>
<h2>Desagregación:</h2>
<p>El Índice de la Lista Roja puede reducirse para mostrar los Índices de la Lista Roja nacionales y regionales, ponderados por la fracción de la distribución de cada especie que se da en el país o región, basándose en el método publicado por Rodrigues et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. Estos muestran un índice de probabilidad de supervivencia agregada (el inverso del riesgo de extinción) para todas las aves, mamíferos, anfibios, corales y cícadas que se dan en el país o región. El índice muestra el grado de conservación de las especies en un país o región en relación con su contribución potencial a la conservación global de las especies. El índice se calcula como: </p>
<p>RLI(t,u) = 1 &#x2013; [(Ss(W(t,s) * (rsu/Rs)) / (WEX * Ss (rsu/Rs))</p>
<p>donde t es el año de la reevaluación global, u es la unidad espacial (es decir país), W_((t,s)) es la ponderación de la categoría global de la Lista Roja para la especie s en el momento t (Preocupación mínima =0, Casi amenazada =1, Vulnerable =2, En peligro =3, En peligro crítico =4, En peligro crítico (posiblemente extinto) =5, En Peligro Crítico (Posiblemente Extinto en Estado Silvestre) =5, Extinto en Estado Silvestre =5 y Extinto =5), WEX = 5 es la ponderación de las especies Extintas, r_su es la fracción del área de distribución total de la especie s en la unidad u, y R_s es el tamaño total del área de distribución de la especie s.</p>
<p>El índice varía de 1 si el país ha contribuido lo mínimo que puede al ILR global (es decir, si el numerador es 0 porque todas las especies en el país son LC) a 0 si el país ha contribuido lo máximo que puede al ILR global (es decir, si el numerador es igual al denominador porque todas las especies en el país están Extintas o Posiblemente Extintas). </p>
<p>Los grupos taxonómicos incluidos son aquellos en los que todas las especies han sido evaluadas para la Lista Roja de la UICN más de una vez. Las categorías de la Lista Roja correspondientes a los años en los que se han realizado evaluaciones completas (es decir, aquellas en las que se han evaluado todas las especies del grupo taxonómico) se determinan siguiendo el enfoque de Butchart et al. 2007; PLoS ONE 2(1): e140, es decir, coinciden con las categorías actuales, excepto en el caso de aquellos taxones que han experimentado una auténtica mejora o deterioro del riesgo de extinción de magnitud suficiente como para optar a una categoría de la Lista Roja superior o inferior.</p>
<p>El indicador también se puede desglosar por ecosistemas, hábitats y otras divisiones políticas y geográficas (p. ej., Han et al. 2014), por subconjuntos taxonómicos (p. ej., Hoffmann et al. 2011), por conjuntos de especies relevantes para determinados tratados internacionales o legislación (p. ej, Croxall et al. 2012), por conjuntos de especies expuestas a determinados procesos de amenaza (p. ej., Butchart 2008) y por conjuntos de especies que prestan determinados servicios ecosistémicos o tienen determinados rasgos biológicos o vitales (p. ej., Regan et al. 2015). En cada caso, se puede obtener información de la Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas de la UICN para determinar qué especies son relevantes para determinados subconjuntos (por ejemplo, las que se dan en determinados ecosistemas, hábitats y áreas geográficas de interés).</p>
<p>Los desgloses del Índice de la Lista Roja también son de especial relevancia como indicadores para las siguientes metas de los ODS (Brooks et al. 2015): ODS 2.4 Índice de la Lista Roja (especies utilizadas para la alimentación y la medicina); ODS 2.5 Índice de la Lista Roja (parientes silvestres y razas locales); ODS 12.2 Índice de la Lista Roja (impactos de la utilización) (Butchart 2008); ODS 12.4 Índice de la Lista Roja (impactos de la contaminación); ODS 13.1 Índice de la Lista Roja (impactos del cambio climático); ODS 14.1 Índice de la Lista Roja (impactos de la contaminación en las especies marinas); ODS 14.2 Índice de la Lista Roja (especies marinas); ODS 14.3 Índice de la Lista Roja (especies de coral constructoras de arrecifes) (Carpenter et al. 2008); ODS 14.4 Índice de la Lista Roja (impactos de la utilización sobre las especies marinas) &#x2013; un Grupo de Expertos Técnicos ad hoc FAO-UICN está trabajando actualmente para desarrollar recomendaciones acordadas sobre el uso y la interpretación de este indicador; ODS 15.1 Índice de la Lista Roja (especies terrestres y de agua dulce); ODS 15.2 Índice de la Lista Roja (especies forestales); ODS 15.4 Índice de la Lista Roja (especies de montaña); ODS 15.7 Índice de la Lista Roja (impactos de la utilización) (Butchart 2008); y ODS 15.8 Índice de la Lista Roja (impactos de las especies exóticas invasoras) (Butchart 2008, McGeoch et al. 2010).</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>The Red List Index has been classified by the IAEG-SDGs as Tier 1. Current data are available for all countries in the world, and these are updated annually. Index values for each country are available in the UN SDG Indicators Database <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/">https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/</a>. Red List Index graphs and underlying index data are available for each country, SDG regions, IPBES region, CMS region and various thematic disaggregations at <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/search">https://www.iucnredlist.org/search</a>. Red List Index graphs are also available for each country in the BIP Indicators Dashboard (<a href="https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html">https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html</a>), the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool Country Profiles (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>), and (for birds) on the BirdLife International Data Zone (http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/dashboard).</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>The Red List Index can be downscaled to show national and regional Red List Indices, weighted by the fraction of each species&#x2019; distribution occurring within the country or region, building on the method published by Rodrigues et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(11): e113934. These show an index of how well species are conserved in a country or region to its potential contribution to global species conservation (for the taxonomic groups of species included). The index is calculated as: </p>
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</mfrac>
</math></p>
<p>where t is the year of comprehensive reassessment, u is the spatial unit (i.e. country), W_((t,s)) is the weight of the global Red List category for species s at time t (Least Concern =0, Near Threatened =1, Vulnerable =2, Endangered =3, Critically Endangered =4, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) =5, Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct in the Wild) =5, Extinct in the Wild =5 and Extinct =5), WEX = 5 is the weight for Extinct species, r_su is the fraction of the total range of species s in unit u, and R_s is the total range size of species s.</p>
<p>The index varies from 1 if the country has contributed the minimum it can to the global RLI (i.e., if the numerator is 0 because all species in the country are Least Concern) to 0 if the country has contributed the maximum it can to the global RLI (i.e., if the numerator equals the denominator because all species in the country are Extinct or Possibly Extinct). </p>
<p>The taxonomic groups included are those in which all species have been assessed for the IUCN Red List more than once. Red List categories for years in which comprehensive assessments (i.e. those in which all species in the taxonomic group have been assessed) were carried out are determined following the approach of Butchart et al. 2007; PLoS ONE 2(1): e140, i.e. they match the current categories except for those taxa that have undergone genuine improvement or deterioration in extinction risk of sufficient magnitude to qualify for a higher or lower Red List category.</p>
<p>The indicator can also be disaggregated by ecosystems, habitats, and other political and geographic divisions (e.g., Han et al. 2014), by taxonomic subsets (e.g., Hoffmann et al. 2011), by suites of species relevant to particular international treaties or legislation (e.g., Croxall et al. 2012), by suites of species exposed to particular threatening processes (e.g., Butchart 2008), and by suites of species that deliver particular ecosystem services, or have particular biological or life-history traits (e.g., Regan et al. 2015). In each case, information can be obtained from The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to determine which species are relevant to particular subsets (e.g., which occur in particular ecosystems, habitats, and geographic areas of interest). These disaggregations are available on the IUCN Red List website at https://www.iucnredlist.org/search.</p>
<p>Disaggregations of the Red List Index are also of particular relevance as indicators towards the following SDG targets (Brooks et al. 2015): SDG 2.4 Red List Index (species used for food and medicine); SDG 2.5 Red List Index (wild relatives and local breeds); SDG 12.2 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); SDG 12.4 Red List Index (impacts of pollution); SDG 13.1 Red List Index (impacts of climate change); SDG 14.1 Red List Index (impacts of pollution on marine species); SDG 14.2 Red List Index (marine species); SDG 14.3 Red List Index (reef-building coral species) (Carpenter et al. 2008); SDG 14.4 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation on marine species); SDG 15.1 Red List Index (terrestrial &amp; freshwater species); SDG 15.2 Red List Index (forest-specialist species); SDG 15.4 Red List Index (mountain species); SDG 15.7 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); and SDG 15.8 Red List Index (impacts of invasive alien species) (Butchart 2008, McGeoch et al. 2010).</p>

<p>The IUCN Red List is governed by a Red List Committee (<a href="https://www.iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-red-list-committee">https://www.iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-red-list-committee</a>), comprising representatives from the Red List Partnership, the IUCN Species Survival Commission, and the IUCN Secretariat. This committee establishes and maintains the Red List Strategic Plan, including ongoing evaluation of fitness for use i.e. the degree to which the IUCN Red List meets user&#x2019;s requirements. This encompasses, inter alia, considerations of relevance, accuracy, timeliness, consistency, comprehensiveness, and accessibility. </p>

<p>See above, and full documentation in the Red List Rules of Procedure (<a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure</a>) in particular Annex 3, the &#x201C;Details of the Steps Involved in the IUCN Red List Process&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</a>). In sum: all Red List assessments are peer reviewed through the relevant Red List Authority for the species or species group in question; and all Red List assessments undergo consistency checks (to ensure consistency with assessments submitted for other taxonomic groups, regions, processes, etc.) by the Red List Unit before publication on the Red List website (<a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>). Finally, the Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (elected each four years by the government and non-governmental Members of IUCN) appoints a Chair for a Standards and Petitions Sub-Committee (<a href="https://www.iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-standards-and-petitions-committee">https://www.iucn.org/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-standards-and-petitions-committee</a>), which is responsible for ensuring the quality and standards of the IUCN Red List and for ruling on petitions against the listings of species on the IUCN Red List. </p>

<h2>Garantía de calidad:</h2>
<p>Véanse los metadatos existentes para el indicador 15.5.1 del Índice de la Lista Roja, especialmente la sección sobre &#x201C;Metodología&#x201D;, con la documentación completa en las Normas de Procedimiento de la Lista Roja (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Rules_of_Procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Rules_of_Procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf</a>) en particular el Anexo 3, los &#x201C;Detalles de los pasos involucrados en el proceso de la Lista Roja de la UICN&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</a>). En resumen: todas las evaluaciones de la Lista Roja son revisadas por pares a través de la Autoridad de la Lista Roja pertinente para la especie o grupo de especies en cuestión; y todas las evaluaciones de la Lista Roja se someten a controles de coherencia (para garantizar la coherencia con las evaluaciones presentadas para otros grupos taxonómicos, regiones, procesos, etc.) por la Unidad de la Lista Roja antes de su publicación en el sitio web de la Lista Roja (<a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>). Por último, el Presidente de la Comisión de Supervivencia de Especies de la UICN (elegido cada cuatro años por los miembros gubernamentales y no gubernamentales de la UICN) nombra a un Presidente para un Subcomité de Normas y Peticiones (<a href="https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission/ssc-leadership-and-steering-committee/sub-committees/standards-and-petitions-subcommittee">https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission/ssc-leadership-and-steering-committee/sub-committees/standards-and-petitions-subcommittee</a>), que se encarga de garantizar la calidad y las normas de la Lista Roja de la UICN y de resolver las peticiones contra la inclusión de especies en la Lista Roja de la UICN. </p>
<p>Además de la difusión a través del sitio web de la Lista Roja (<a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/">http://www.iucnredlist.org/</a>), los datos de la Lista Roja se difunden a través de la Herramienta Integrada de Evaluación de la Biodiversidad, disponible para la investigación y la conservación en línea (<a href="https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/">https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/</a>). En ella se incorporan los documentos de los perfiles de país de todos los países del mundo que incluyen la documentación del indicador del Índice de la Lista Roja del año en curso, a partir de 2016. La primera edición de cada uno de estos Perfiles de País se envió para consulta a los Puntos Focales Nacionales del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (<a href="https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml">https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml</a>), en la 13ª reunión de la Conferencia de las Partes del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica; y este proceso se repetirá anualmente.</p>

<p>See above, and full documentation in the Red List Rules of Procedure (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Rwww.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules_of_P-of-procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf"><u>https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/R">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules_of_P-of-procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf</u></a>) in particular Annex 3, the &#x201C;Details of the Steps Involved in the IUCN Red List Process&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf"><u>https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</u></a>). In sum: all Red List assessments are peer reviewed through the relevant Red List Authority for the species or species group in question; and all Red List assessments undergo consistency checks (to ensure consistency with assessments submitted for other taxonomic groups, regions, processes, etc.) by the Red List Unit before publication on the Red List website (<a href="http://www.iucnredlist.org/"><u>http://www.iucnredlist.org/</u></a>). Finally, the Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission (elected each four years by the government and non-governmental Members of IUCN) appoints a Chair for a Standards and Petitions Sub-Committee (<a href="https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission/ssc-leadership-and-steering-committee/sub-committees/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-standards-and-petitions-subcommittee"><u>https://www.iucn.org/theme/species/about/species-survival-commission/ssc-leadership-and-steering-committee/sub-committees/our-union/commissions/group/iucn-ssc-standards-and-petitions-subcommittee</u></a>), which is responsible for ensuring the quality and standards of the IUCN Red List and for ruling on petitions against the listings of species on the IUCN Red List. </p>

<p>See above and below, and full documentation in the Red List Rules of Procedure (<a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure</a>) in particular Annex 3, the &#x201C;Details of the Steps Involved in the IUCN Red List Process&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</a>).</p>

<p><strong>Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level:</strong></p>
<p>See above. In sum: the data underlying the Red List Index are compiled under the authority of the IUCN Red List Committee, through application of the IUCN Red List Categories &amp; Criteria (<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>). This includes submissions of endemics from national red list processes, where these have been conducted following the &#x201C;Guidelines for application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels&#x201D; (<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>) and following the &#x201C;Required and Recommended Supporting Information for IUCN Red List Assessments&#x201D; (<a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/supporting-information-guidelines</a>). Assessments may be submitted in all three IUCN languages (English, French and Spanish) and Portuguese. All assessments are peer reviewed through the relevant Red List Authority for the species or species group in question, as documented in the Red List Rules of Procedure (<a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/rules-of-procedure</a>); see in particular Annex 3, the &#x201C;Details of the Steps Involved in the IUCN Red List Process&#x201D; (<a href="https://nc.iucnredlist.org/redlist/content/attachment_files/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf">https://nc.iucnredlist.org/redlist/content/attachment_files/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</a>).</p>
<p>The key document providing international recommendations and guidelines to countries and all involved in application of the IUCN Red List Categories &amp; Criteria (<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>) is the &#x201C;Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria&#x201D; (<a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines">https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines</a>; available in English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese) accompanied by the &#x201C;Required and Recommended Supporting Information for IUCN Red List Assessments&#x201D;. For countries (and regions), this is supplemented by the &#x201C;Guidelines for application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels&#x201D; (<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>). To support the calculation of Red List Indices for any given country (or region), &#x201C;Code (and documentation) for calculating and plotting national RLIs weighted by the proportion of each species&#x2019; distribution within a country or region&#x201D; is posted online (Dias et al. 2020; <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/rli-codes</a>). </p>
<p>Methods for generating national disaggregations of the Red List Index are described below in section 5 on Data availability and disaggregation.</p>

<h2>Métodos y directrices a disposición de los países para la compilación de los datos a nivel nacional:</h2>
<p>Ver los metadatos existentes para el indicador 15.5.1 del Índice de la Lista Roja, especialmente la sección sobre &#x201C;Metodología&#x201D;. En resumen: los datos en los que se basa el Índice de la Lista Roja se compilan bajo la autoridad del Comité de la Lista Roja de la UICN, mediante la aplicación de los Criterios y Categorías de la Lista Roja de la UICN(<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>). Esto incluye la presentación de endemismos a partir de los procesos nacionales de elaboración de listas rojas, cuando estos se hayan llevado a cabo siguiendo las &#x201C;Directrices para la aplicación de los criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN a nivel regional y nacional&#x201D; (<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>) y siguiendo la &#x201C;Información de apoyo necesaria y recomendada para las evaluaciones de la Lista Roja de la UICN&#x201D; (<a href="http://goo.gl/O52euG">http://goo.gl/O52euG</a>). Las evaluaciones pueden presentarse en los tres idiomas de la UICN (inglés, francés y español) y en portugués. Todas las evaluaciones son revisadas por pares a través de la Autoridad de la Lista Roja pertinente para la especie o grupo de especies en cuestión, como se documenta en el Reglamento de la Lista Roja (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Rules_of_Procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Rules_of_Procedure_for_IUCN_Red_List_Assessments_2017-2020.pdf</a>); véase en particular el Anexo 3, los &#x201C;Detalles de los pasos implicados en el proceso de la Lista Roja de la UICN&#x201D; (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/Details_of_the_Steps_Involved_in_the_IUCN_Red_List_Process.pdf</a>).</p>
<p>Ver los metadatos existentes para el indicador 15.5.1 del Índice de la Lista Roja, especialmente la sección sobre &#x201C;Metodología&#x201D;. En resumen: el documento clave que ofrece recomendaciones y directrices internacionales a los países y a todos los implicados en la aplicación de los Criterios y Categorías de la Lista Roja de la UICN (<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315</a>) es la &#x201C;Directrices para el uso de las categorías y criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN&#x201D; (en inglés - <a href="http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf">http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf</a> y en francés - <a href="http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/RedListGuidelines_FR.pdf">http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/RedListGuidelines_FR.pdf</a>) acompañada de la &#x201C;Información de apoyo necesaria y recomendada para las evaluaciones de la Lista Roja de la UICN&#x201D;. En el caso de los países (y regiones), esto se complementa con las &#x201C;Directrices para la aplicación de los criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN a nivel regional y nacional&#x201D; (<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10336</a>). Para apoyar el cálculo de los Índices de la Lista Roja para cualquier país (o región), &#x201C;El código R para calcular y trazar los RLI nacionales ponderados por la proporción de la distribución de cada especie dentro de un país o región&#x201D; está publicado en línea (<a href="https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/R_code_for_calculating_RLIs_weighted_by_proportion_of_each_species&apos;_range_within_a_country_or_region.pdf">https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/keydocuments/R_code_for_calculating_RLIs_weighted_by_proportion_of_each_species&apos;_rango_dentro_de_un_país_o_región.pdf</a>).</p>