2. SDG Metadata
3. 11-1-1
4. Spanish

<p><strong>Bibliographic References:</strong> </p>
<p>&#x2022; United Nations (2007). Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. Third Edition, United Nations, New York </p>
<p>&#x2022; A/HRC/25/54 (2013), Report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2002) Urban Indicators Guidelines. Nairobi </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat, Global Urban Indicators Database 2012 a. Nairobi </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2002), Expert Group Meeting on Urban Indicators, Nairobi, Kenya, November 2002 </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2003a), Slums of the World: The face of urban poverty in the new millennium </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2003b), Improving the Lives of 100 Million Slum Dwellers &#x2013; Guide to Monitoring Target 11 </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (1998), Crowding and Health in Low Income Settlements of Guinea Bissau, SIEP Occasional Series No.1 </p>
<p>&#x2022; Global report on Human settlement on Slums (2002) </p>
<p>&#x2022; Turkstra, J. and Raithelhuber, M. (2004). Urban slum Monitoring. ESRI User Conference paper 1667 </p>
<p>&#x2022; Urban Indicators Programme, World Bank and UN-Habitat, Guidelines </p>
<p>&#x2022; Habitat for Humanity, Global Housing Indicators </p>
<p>&#x2022; Habitat for Humanity, Housing Indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals, 2015 </p>
<p>&#x2022; McKinsey Global Institute (2014), A Blueprint for Addressing the Global Affordable Housing Challenge </p>
<p>&#x2022; United Nations (2015), Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development &#x2013; Habitat III, Issue Paper No. 22 on Informal Settlements </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat, UN-AIDS (2015a) Ending the Urban Aids Epidemic. Nairobi </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2015b). Slum Almanac 2015-2016 </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2016). World Cities Report 2016 </p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>URL References:</strong> </p>
<p>[1]: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets.pdf, </p>
<p>[2]: http://unhabitat.org/urban-indicators-guidelines/ </p>
<p>[3]: http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&amp;SeriesId=710, </p>
<p>[4]: http://unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/participatory-slum-upgrading/ </p>
<p>[5]: http://unhabitat.org/slum-almanac-2015-2016/ </p>
<p>[6]: http://wcr.unhabitat.org/ </p>
<p>[7]: http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/guo/documents/EGM final report 4 Dec 02.pdf </p>

<h1>Referencias</h1>
<h2>Referencias bibliográficas:</h2>
<p>Naciones Unidas (2007). Indicadores de Desarrollo Sostenible: Directrices y metodologías. Tercera edición, Naciones Unidas, Nueva York.</p>
<p>A/HRC/25/54 (2013), Informe del Relator Especial sobre una vivienda adecuada como elemento integrante del derecho a un nivel de vida adecuado, y sobre el derecho de no discriminación a este respecto.</p>
<p>ONU-Hábitat (2002) Directrices sobre indicadores urbanos. Nairobi.</p>
<p>ONU-Hábitat, Base de datos de indicadores urbanos mundiales 2012 a. Nairobi.</p>
<p>ONU-Hábitat (2002), Reunión del Grupo de Expertos sobre Indicadores Urbanos, Nairobi, Kenia, noviembre de 2002.</p>
<p>ONU-Hábitat (2003a), Slums of the World: El rostro de la pobreza urbana en el nuevo milenio</p>
<p>ONU-Habitat (2003b), Mejorar la vida de 100 millones de habitantes de barrios marginales &#x2013; Guía para el seguimiento del objetivo 11.</p>
<p>ONU-Habitat (1998), Crowdlings y salud en los asentamientos de renta baja de Guinea Bissau, SIEP Occasional Series No.1.</p>
<p>Informe mundial sobre los asentamientos humanos en los barrios de tugurios (2002).</p>
<p>Turkstra, J. y Raithelhuber, M. (2004). Urban slum Monitoring. ESRI User Conference paper 1667.</p>
<p>Programa de Indicadores Urbanos, Banco Mundial y ONU-Hábitat, Directrices.</p>
<p>Hábitat para la Humanidad, Indicadores globales de vivienda.</p>
<p>Hábitat para la Humanidad, Indicadores de vivienda para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, 2015.</p>
<p>Instituto Global McKinsey (2014), Un plan para abordar el desafío mundial de la vivienda asequible.</p>
<p>Naciones Unidas (2015), Conferencia sobre Vivienda y Desarrollo Sostenible. </p>
<p>Desarrollo urbano &#x2013; Hábitat III, Documento temático nº 22 sobre asentamientos informales.</p>
<p>ONU-Hábitat, ONU-SIDA (2015a) Acabar con la epidemia de sida en las ciudades. Nairobi.</p>
<p>ONU-Hábitat (2015b). Almanaque de los barrios marginales 2015-2016.</p>
<p>ONU-Hábitat (2016). Informe sobre las ciudades del mundo 2016.</p>
<h2>Referencias URL:</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets.pdf">http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets.pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="http://unhabitat.org/urban-indicators-guidelines/">http://unhabitat.org/urban-indicators-guidelines/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&amp;SeriesId=710">http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&amp;SeriesId=710</a></li>
<li><a href="http://unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/participatory-slum-upgrading/">http://unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/participatory-slum-upgrading/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://unhabitat.org/slum-almanac-2015-2016/">http://unhabitat.org/slum-almanac-2015-2016/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://wcr.unhabitat.org/">http://wcr.unhabitat.org/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/guo/documents/EGM%20final%20report%204%20Dec%2002.pdf">http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/guo/documents/EGM informe final 4 dic 02.pdf</a></li>
</ol>

<h1>References</h1>
<h2p><strong>Bibliographic rReferences:</h2>
<p>strong> </p>
<p>&#x2022; United Nations (2007). Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. Third Edition, United Nations, New York </p>
<p>&#x2022; A/HRC/25/54 (2013), Report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, and on the right to non-discrimination in this context </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2002) Urban Indicators Guidelines. Nairobi </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat, Global Urban Indicators Database 2012 a. Nairobi </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2002), Expert Group Meeting on Urban Indicators, Nairobi, Kenya, November 2002 </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2003a), Slums of the World: The face of urban poverty in the new millennium </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2003b), Improving the Lives of 100 Million Slum Dwellers &#x2013; Guide to Monitoring Target 11 </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (1998), Crowding and Health in Low Income Settlements of Guinea Bissau, SIEP Occasional Series No.1 </p>
<p>&#x2022; Global report on Human settlement on Slums (2002) </p>
<p>&#x2022; Turkstra, J. and Raithelhuber, M. (2004). Urban slum Monitoring. ESRI User Conference paper 1667 </p>
<p>&#x2022; Urban Indicators Programme, World Bank and UN-Habitat, Guidelines </p>
<p>&#x2022; Habitat for Humanity, Global Housing Indicators </p>
<p>&#x2022; Habitat for Humanity, Housing Indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals, 2015 </p>
<p>&#x2022; McKinsey Global Institute (2014), A Blueprint for Addressing the Global Affordable Housing Challenge </p>
<p>&#x2022; United Nations (2015), Conference on Housing and Sustainable </p>
<p>Urban Development &#x2013; Habitat III, Issue Paper No. 22 on Informal Settlements </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat, UN-AIDS (2015a) Ending the Urban Aids Epidemic. Nairobi </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2015b). Slum Almanac 2015-2016 </p>
<p>&#x2022; UN-Habitat (2016). World Cities Report 2016 </p>
<h2p> </p>
<p><strong>URL rReferences:</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets.pdf">http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets.pdf</a></li>
<li><a href="http://unhabitat.org/urban-indicators-guidelines/">strong> </p>
<p>[1]: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/methodology_sheets.pdf, </p>
<p>[2]: http://unhabitat.org/urban-indicators-guidelines/ </a></li>
<li><a href="p>
<p>[3]: http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&amp;SeriesId=710">http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&amp;SeriesId=710</a></li>
<li><a href="http://unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/participatory-slum-upgrading/">http://unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/participatory-slum-upgrading/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://unhabitat.org/slum-almanac-2015-2016/">, </p>
<p>[4]: http://unhabitat.org/urban-initiatives/initiatives-programmes/participatory-slum-upgrading/ </p>
<p>[5]: http://unhabitat.org/slum-almanac-2015-2016/ </a></li>
<li><a href="http://wcr.unhabitat.org/">http://wcr.unhabitat.org/</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/guo/documents/EGM%20final%20report%204%20Dec%2002.pdf">p>
<p>[6]: http://wcr.unhabitat.org/ </p>
<p>[7]: http://www.unhabitat.org/programmes/guo/documents/EGM final report 4 Dec 02.pdf</a></li>
</ol </p>

<p>As national agencies are responsible for data collection, no differences between country produced data and international estimated data on the indicator are expected to arise if standard methodologies and procedures are followed at all stages of the reporting process. Where such discrepancies exist, these will be resolved through planned technical meetings and capacity development workshops.</p>
<p>Missing data and other local variables and frequency of data collection usually affects the figures reported at the global and national level. For this indicator, national data will be used to derive global figures. In instances where global values differ from national figures, efforts will be made for harmonization. There are many instances where lack of new data will be replaced with modelled data for the global figures. These figures will be acceptable for reporting at the national and global levels with the relevant notes attached to such figures. This is likely to be the case for countries where they have long intervals of collection of new data, or where countries face unstable situations such post-disaster or post-war years.</p>

<h2>Fuentes de discrepancia entre las cifras mundiales y nacionales:</h2>
<p>Dado que los organismos nacionales son los responsables de la recolección de datos, no se espera que surjan diferencias entre los datos producidos por el país y los datos internacionales estimados sobre el indicador si se siguen metodologías y procedimientos estándar en todas las fases del proceso de elaboración de informes. La falta de datos y otras variables locales, así como la frecuencia de la recolección de datos, suelen afectar a las cifras comunicadas a nivel mundial y nacional. Para este indicador, se utilizarán los datos nacionales para obtener las cifras globales. En los casos en los que los valores globales difieran de las cifras nacionales, se hará un esfuerzo de armonización.</p>

<h2>Sources of differences between global and national figures:</h2>
<p>As national agencies are responsible for data collection, no differences between country produced data and international estimated data on the indicator are expected to arise if standard methodologies and procedures are followed at all stages of the reporting process. Where such discrepancies exist, these will be resolved through planned technical meetings and capacity development workshops.</p>
<p>Missing data and other local variables and frequency of data collection usually affects the figures reported at the global and national level. For this indicator, national data will be used to derive global figures. In instances where global values differ from national figures, efforts will be made for harmonization. There are many instances where lack of new data will be replaced with modelled data for the global figures. These figures will be acceptable for reporting at the national and global levels with the relevant notes attached to such figures. This is likely to be the case for countries where they have long intervals of collection of new data, or where countries face unstable situations such post-disaster or post-war years.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>Data on slums is available for all developing countries, as it has been reported yearly by UN-Habitat in the MDGs&#x2019; reports. Recently, UN-Habitat has disaggregated information on this indicator at city level, increasing its suitability for SDG 11. The people living in slums&#x2019; indicator is currently measured in more than 320 cities across the world as part of UN-Habitat City Prosperity Initiative. UN-Habitat and World Bank computed this indicator for many years (1996-2006) as part of the Urban Indicators Programme. Data on inadequate housing, measured through housing affordability, is available for all OECED countries as well as in UN Global Sample of Cities covering 200 cities. </p>
<p>Data on inadequate housing, measured through housing affordability, is available in many countries. UN-Habitat and World Bank computed this indicator for many years (1996-2006) as part of the Urban Indicators Programme. Recently, the Global Housing Indicators Working Group, a collaborative effort of Cities Alliance, Habitat for Humanity International, the Inter-American Development Bank, UN-Habitat proposed the collection of data on this indicator worldwide. </p>
<p><strong>Time series: </strong></p>
<p>Available data cover the period 1990-2018. Because the efforts and capacity of collecting and analysing survey data are different for each country, the length of the time series for each country varies greatly. </p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p><em>Potential Disaggregation:</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Disaggregation by location (intra-urban)</li>
<li>Disaggregation by income group</li>
<li>Disaggregation by sex, race, ethnicity, religion, migration status (head of household)</li>
<li>Disaggregation by age (household members)</li>
<li>Disaggregation by disability status (household members)</li>
</ul>
<p><em>Quantifiable Derivatives:</em></p>
<ul>
<li>Proportion of households with durable housing</li>
<li>Proportion of households with improved water</li>
<li>Proportion of households with improved sanitation</li>
<li>Proportion of households with sufficient living space</li>
<li>Proportion of households with security of tenure</li>
<li>Proportion of households with one (1) housing deprivation</li>
<li>Proportion of households with multiple (2 or more) housing deprivations</li>
<li>Proportion of households with approved municipal permit</li>
<li>Proportion of households with (in) adequate housing (affordability)</li>
</ul>

<h1>Disponibilidad de datos</h1>
<h2>Descripción:</h2>
<p>Los datos sobre los barrios marginales están disponibles para todos los países en vías de desarrollo, ya que ONU-Hábitat los recoge anualmente en los informes de los ODM&#x2019;. Recientemente, ONU-Hábitat ha desglosado la información sobre este indicador a nivel de ciudad, aumentando su idoneidad para el ODS 11. El indicador de personas que viven en barrios marginales&#x2019; se mide actualmente en más de 320 ciudades de todo el mundo como parte de la Iniciativa para la Prosperidad de las Ciudades de ONU-Hábitat. ONU-Hábitat y el Banco Mundial calcularon este indicador durante muchos años (1996-2006) como parte del Programa de Indicadores Urbanos. Los datos sobre vivienda inadecuada, medidos a través de la asequibilidad de la vivienda, están disponibles para todos los países de la OCDE, así como en la Muestra Global de Ciudades de la ONU, que abarca 200 ciudades. Los datos sobre viviendas inadecuadas, medidos a través de la asequibilidad de la vivienda, están disponibles en muchos países. ONU-Hábitat y el Banco Mundial calcularon este indicador durante muchos años (1996-2006) como parte del Programa de Indicadores Urbanos. Recientemente, el Grupo de Trabajo sobre Indicadores Mundiales de Vivienda, un esfuerzo de colaboración de Cities Alliance, Hábitat para la Humanidad Internacional, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y ONU-Hábitat, propuso la recopilación de datos sobre este indicador en todo el mundo.</p>
<h2>Desagregación^{^{<a href="#footnote-14" id="footnote-ref-14">[14]</a>}}:</h2>
<p><strong><em>Desagregación potencial:</em></strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Desagregación por ubicación (intraurbana)</li>
<li>Desagregación por grupo de ingresos</li>
<li>Desagregación por sexo, raza, etnia, religión, situación migratoria (jefe de hogar)</li>
<li>Desagregación por edad (miembros del hogar)</li>
<li>Desagregación por condición de discapacidad (miembros del hogar)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong><em>Derivados cuantificables:</em></strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Proporción de hogares con vivienda duradera</li>
<li>Proporción de hogares con agua mejorada</li>
<li> Proporción de hogares con saneamiento mejorado </li>
<li> Proporción de hogares con espacio vital suficiente </li>
<li>Proporción de hogares con seguridad de tenencia</li>
<li>Proporción de hogares con una (1) privación de vivienda</li>
<li>Proporción de hogares con múltiples (2 o más) privaciones en materia de vivienda</li>
<li>Proporción de hogares con permiso municipal aprobado</li>
<li>Proporción de hogares con (en) vivienda adecuada (asequibilidad)</li>
</ul><div class="footnotes"><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-14">14</sup><p>El marco propuesto para la posible desagregación debería considerar que la desagregación tiene un costo. Se recomienda tener en cuenta el nivel de desarrollo y la capacidad estadística de los países. A medida que los países avanzan en sus capacidades institucionales, se puede realizar un mayor nivel de desagregación. <a href="#footnote-ref-14">&#x2191;</a></p></div></div>

<h1p><strong>Data availability:</h1>
<h2>Description:</h2strong></p>
<p>Data on slums is available for all developing countries, as it has been reported yearly by UN-Habitat in the MDGs&#x2019; reports. Recently, UN-Habitat has disaggregated information on this indicator at city level, increasing its suitability for SDG 11. The people living in slums&#x2019; indicator is currently measured in more than 320 cities across the world as part of UN-Habitat City Prosperity Initiative. UN-Habitat and World Bank computed this indicator for many years (1996-2006) as part of the Urban Indicators Programme. Data on inadequate housing, measured through housing affordability, is available for all OECED countries as well as in UN Global Sample of Cities covering 200 cities. </p>
<p>Data on inadequate housing, measured through housing affordability, is available in many countries. UN-Habitat and World Bank computed this indicator for many years (1996-2006) as part of the Urban Indicators Programme. Recently, the Global Housing Indicators Working Group, a collaborative effort of Cities Alliance, Habitat for Humanity International, the Inter-American Development Bank, UN-Habitat proposed the collection of data on this indicator worldwide. </p>
<h2>Disaggregation^{^{<a href="#footnote-14" id="footnote-ref-14">[14]</a>}}:</h2>
<p><strongp><strong>Time series: </strong></p>
<p>Available data cover the period 1990-2018. Because the efforts and capacity of collecting and analysing survey data are different for each country, the length of the time series for each country varies greatly. </p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p><em>Potential Disaggregation:</em></strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Disaggregation by location (intra-urban)</li>
<li>Disaggregation by income group</li>
<li>Disaggregation by sex, race, ethnicity, religion, migration status (head of household)</li>
<li>Disaggregation by age (household members)</li>
<li>Disaggregation by disability status (household members)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong><em>Quantifiable Derivatives:</em></strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Proportion of households with durable housing</li>
<li>Proportion of households with improved water</li>
<li>Proportion of households with improved sanitation</li>
<li>Proportion of households with sufficient living space</li>
<li>Proportion of households with security of tenure</li>
<li>Proportion of households with one (1) housing deprivation</li>
<li>Proportion of households with multiple (2 or more) housing deprivations</li>
<li>Proportion of households with approved municipal permit</li>
<li>Proportion of households with (in) adequate housing (affordability)</li>
</ul><div class="footnotes"><div><sup class="footnote-number" id="footnote-14">14</sup><p> The proposed framework for potential disaggregation should consider that disaggregation has a cost. It is recommended that the level of development and the statistical capacity of countries be taken into consideration. As countries progress in their institutional capacities, further level of disaggregation can be undertaken. <a href="#footnote-ref-14">&#x2191;</a></p></div></div>

<p>Once data is received from member states, UN-Habitat uses a checklist specific to each indicator to assess a) whether the data production process followed the metadata provisions, and b) confirm the accuracy of the data sources used for the indicator computation. Both components are captured in the reporting template shared with National Statistical Offices, which helps to assess whether computation was done using the proposed indicator inputs or proxies. The reporting template also requests for information that helps understand whether national data for the indicator was produced from the appropriate data sources. In addition, the received data is also checked for other qualities such as data disaggregation, reporting period and consistency with other previously reported trends, which ensures reliable regional estimates. </p>

<p>UN-Habitat maintains the global urban indicators database that is used for monitoring of the urban metrics drawn from SDGs, NUA, flagship reports (e.g. World Cities Report) and other official reporting. In general, for all new data, a thorough review is done to check for consistency and overall data quality by technical staff in the Data and Analytics unit before publication in the urban indicators database. This ensures that only the most accurate and reliable information are included in the database. Key elements considered in the review include: proper documentation of data sources; representativeness of data at national level, use of appropriate methodology for data collection and analysis (e.g. appropriate sampling process, values based on valid sample sizes), use of appropriate concepts and definitions, consistency of data trends with previously published/reported estimates for the indicator.</p>

<p>To ensure consistency in data production across countries, UN-Habitat has developed detailed step-by-step tutorials on the computation of indicator 11.1.1, which further explain the steps presented in this metadata. The detailed tutorials, which will be continuously updated are available at <a href="https://unhabitat.org/knowledge/data-and-analytics">https://unhabitat.org/knowledge/data-and-analytics</a>, <a href="https://www.urbanagendaplatform.org/learning">https://www.urbanagendaplatform.org/learning</a>, and <a href="https://data.unhabitat.org/">https://data.unhabitat.org/</a>. Within its Data and Analytics Section which is responsible for the indicator data compilation, UN-Habitat has a team of data experts who check all submitted data and provide direct support to countries in the indicator computation. </p>