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<primary>package</primary><secondary>binary package</secondary><seealso><filename>.deb</filename></seealso>
<primary>package</primary><secondary>binary package</secondary><seealso><filename>.deb</filename></seealso>
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Packaging System: Tools and Fundamental Principles
 
As a Debian system administrator, you will routinely handle <filename>.deb</filename> packages, since they contain consistent functional units (applications, documentation, etc.), whose installation and maintenance they facilitate. It is therefore a good idea to know what they are and how to use them.
 
This chapter describes the structure and contents of “binary” and “source” packages. The former are files directly usable by <command>dpkg</command>, while the latter contain the source code, as well as instructions for building binary packages.
 
Structure of a Binary Package
 
<primary>package</primary><secondary>binary package</secondary><seealso><filename>.deb</filename></seealso>
<primary>패키지</primary><secondary>바이너리 패키지</secondary>
<primary><command>ar</command></primary>
 
<primary><command>dpkg</command></primary>
 
The Debian package format is designed so that its content may be extracted on any Unix system that has the classic commands <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command>, and <command>xz</command> or sometimes <command>gzip</command> or <command>bzip2</command>. This seemingly trivial property is important for portability and disaster recovery.
 
Imagine, for example, that you mistakenly deleted the <command>dpkg</command> program, and that you could thus no longer install Debian packages. <command>dpkg</command> being a Debian package itself, it would seem your system would be done for... Fortunately, you know the format of a package and can therefore <ulink url="https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages">download</ulink> the <filename>.deb</filename> file of the <emphasis role="pkg">dpkg</emphasis> package and install it manually (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.dpkg-apt-ar" />). If by some misfortune one or more of the programs <command>ar</command>, <command>tar</command> or <command>gzip</command>/<command>xz</command>/<command>bzip2</command> have disappeared, you will only need to copy the missing program from another system (since each of these operates in a completely autonomous manner, without dependencies, a simple copy will suffice). If your system suffered some even more outrageous fortune, and even these don't work (maybe the deepest system libraries are missing?), you should try the static version of <command>busybox</command> (provided in the <emphasis role="pkg">busybox-static</emphasis> package), which is even more self-contained, and provides subcommands such as <command>busybox ar</command>, <command>busybox tar</command> and <command>busybox xz</command>.
 
<emphasis>In case of a misfortune you better also have a backup of your system (see <xref linkend="sect.backup" />).</emphasis>
 

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  1. Debian Handbook
  2. 05_packaging-system
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<primary>package</primary><secondary>binary package</secondary><seealso><filename>.deb</filename></seealso>
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