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<computeroutput>mirexpress:/dev/disk/by-id# </computeroutput><userinput>ls -l
</userinput><computeroutput>total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part2 -&gt; ../../sda2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697 -&gt; ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697-part1 -&gt; ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697-part2 -&gt; ../../sdb2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part2 -&gt; ../../sda2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697 -&gt; ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697-part1 -&gt; ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697-part2 -&gt; ../../sdb2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0 -&gt; ../../sdc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0-part1 -&gt; ../../sdc1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0-part2 -&gt; ../../sdc2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 wwn-0x5000c50015c4842f -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 wwn-0x5000c50015c4842f-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
[...]
mirexpress:/dev/disk/by-id# </computeroutput>
1807/18070 · 1807

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English Chinese (Traditional) Actions
<primary>Globally Unique Identifier</primary><see>GUID</see>
 
<primary>UEFI</primary>
<primary>UTF-8</primary>
Using GPT the partition type is represented as a 16 bytes long universally unique identifier, also known as Globally Unique Identifier (GUID), which is part of the UEFI standard (see <xref linkend="sidebar.bios-uefi" />). Compared to the hex code used to determine the partition type in the MS-DOS table format, you will have a hard time trying to remember these identifiers. Fortunately there are lists with all the IDs which you can use to create partition recipes to use with <command>sfdisk</command> or for <foreignphrase>preseeding</foreignphrase> the Debian installer. <ulink type="block" url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table#Partition_type_GUIDs" />
 
It is not always easy to remember what disk is connected to which SATA controller, or in third position in the SCSI chain, especially since the naming of hotplugged hard drives (which includes among others most SATA disks and external disks) can change from one boot to another. Fortunately, <command>udev</command> creates, in addition to <filename>/dev/sd*</filename>, symbolic links with a fixed name, which you could then use if you wished to identify a hard drive in a non-ambiguous manner. These symbolic links are stored in <filename>/dev/disk/by-id/</filename>. On a machine with two physical disks, for example, one could find the following:
不容易記得磁碟掛在 SATA 控制卡的位置，或在 SCSI 鏈的第三個位置，尤其是熱插拔硬式磁碟機 (包括 SATA 磁碟與外掛磁碟) 可改變開機的位置。還好，<command>udev</command> 以固定的名稱，新增 <filename>/dev/sd*</filename> 以外的符號連結，就能夠輕易的辨識硬式磁碟機。這種符號連結儲存在 <filename>/dev/disk/by-id</filename> 之內。例如，在兩個實體磁碟的機器，可以找到如下的訊息：
<primary><filename>/dev</filename></primary><secondary><filename>/dev/disk/by-id/</filename></secondary>
<primary>環境</primary><secondary>環境變數</secondary>
<computeroutput>mirexpress:/dev/disk/by-id# </computeroutput><userinput>ls -l
</userinput><computeroutput>total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part2 -&gt; ../../sda2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697 -&gt; ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697-part1 -&gt; ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697-part2 -&gt; ../../sdb2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part2 -&gt; ../../sda2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697 -&gt; ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697-part1 -&gt; ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697-part2 -&gt; ../../sdb2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0 -&gt; ../../sdc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0-part1 -&gt; ../../sdc1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0-part2 -&gt; ../../sdc2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 wwn-0x5000c50015c4842f -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 wwn-0x5000c50015c4842f-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
[...]
mirexpress:/dev/disk/by-id# </computeroutput>
<computeroutput>mirexpress:/dev/disk/by-id# </computeroutput><userinput>ls -l
</userinput><computeroutput>total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part2 -&gt; ../../sda2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697 -&gt; ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697-part1 -&gt; ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 ata-WDC_WD5001AALS-00L3B2_WD-WCAT00241697-part2 -&gt; ../../sdb2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_STM3500418AS_9VM3L3KP-part2 -&gt; ../../sda2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697 -&gt; ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697-part1 -&gt; ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD5001AALS-_WD-WCAT00241697-part2 -&gt; ../../sdb2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0 -&gt; ../../sdc
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0-part1 -&gt; ../../sdc1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 16:48 usb-LaCie_iamaKey_3ed00e26ccc11a-0:0-part2 -&gt; ../../sdc2
[...]
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 23 jul. 08:58 wwn-0x5000c50015c4842f -&gt; ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 23 jul. 08:58 wwn-0x5000c50015c4842f-part1 -&gt; ../../sda1
[...]
mirexpress:/dev/disk/by-id# </computeroutput>
Note that some disks are listed several times (because they behave simultaneously as ATA disks and SCSI disks), but the relevant information is mainly in the model and serial numbers of the disks, from which you can find the peripheral file. While the links in <filename>/dev/disk/by-id/</filename> are created using the device' serial number and physical path, there are more convenience links in e.g. <filename>/dev/disk/by-label/</filename> (based on given labels), <filename>/dev/disk/by-uuid/</filename> (based on unique identifiers, which can change when reformatting a device using <command>mkfs.*</command> or <command>mkswap</command>), <filename>/dev/disk/by-path/</filename> (based on shortest physical path), and <filename>/dev/disk/by-partlabel/</filename> and <filename>/dev/disk/by-partuuid/</filename> (only partitions with GPT labels and their unique identifiers). If you use these links, e.g. in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, always prefer unique identifiers over labels. You can also obtain and change this information for each partition or device using the <command>lsblk</command> and <command>blkid</command> commands.
 
<primary><filename>/dev</filename></primary><secondary><filename>/dev/disk/by-label/</filename></secondary>
<primary>環境</primary><secondary>環境變數</secondary>
<primary><filename>/dev</filename></primary><secondary><filename>/dev/disk/by-uuid/</filename></secondary>
<primary>環境</primary><secondary>環境變數</secondary>
<primary><filename>/dev</filename></primary><secondary><filename>/dev/disk/by-path/</filename></secondary>
<primary>環境</primary><secondary>環境變數</secondary>
<primary><filename>/dev</filename></primary><secondary><filename>/dev/disk/by-partlabel/</filename></secondary>
<primary>環境</primary><secondary>環境變數</secondary>

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English Chinese (Traditional)
root root 使用者 Debian Handbook

根用户

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xml-text
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8 years ago
Last updated
11 months ago
Source string age
8 years ago
Translation file
zh-TW/08_basic-configuration.po, string 626