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<p><strong>Definition:</strong></p>
<p>The indicator, <p>MSY is defined as the greatest amount of catch that can be harvested continuously from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock) without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. The indicator measures the sustainability of fish resources based a good balance between human use and ecological conservation.</p> <p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)).</p> <p><strong>Concepts:</strong></p> <p>Fish stock refers to a group of individuals of a single species or sometimes combined species living in a defined area from which catches are taken in a fishery.</p> <p>A reference list of stocks should be established by each country and consists of a list of stocks selected according to FAO guidelines, against which the indicator will be reported (Appendix 1). The reference list should include national and shared stocks but not straddling stocks as defined below.</p> <p>National stocks are located completely within an EEZ and/or territorial waters. </p> <p>Shared stocks are distributed within the EEZ and/or territorial waters of two or more adjacent countries. </p> <p>Straddling stocks are found to move across boundaries between EEZ waters or between EEZ and high seas (e.g. tuna stocks), and that are caught by multiple countries. </p> <p>Countries are asked to report on stocks listed in its reference list, including those monitored through official stock assessments by an authoritative agency, through a scientific process and using best available science and data. These assessments could be based on classic or data-limited methods. </p> <p>Stock assessment uses biological information, fishery data such as catch statistics and fishing effort, and scientific survey data to estimate population dynamics of fish stocks for management purposes. Stock assessment methods include biological dynamic models, age-structured models, length-based methods and stock recruitment models <p>For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within "biologically sustainable levels").</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>100</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>100</mn> </math></p> <p>where Ps is the percentage of stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" for the Reference List of stocks. Ns is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "within biologically sustainable levels", Nu is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels" and N = Ns + Nu is the total number of stocks in the Reference List that have been classified as within or outside "biologically sustainable levels".</p> <p>Classifying individual stocks as within/outside "biologically sustainable levels":</p> <p>In order to keep consistency with the 14.4 target ("at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics" and other earlier international agreements, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a fish stock is classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" if its abundance is estimated (considering uncertainty) to be equal to or greater than the level that can produce the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). In contrast, when abundance falls below the MSY level, the stock is classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels".</p> <p>A wide array of methods and approaches (including documented expert opinion) is used to classify stock status relative to the abundance producing MSY. This varies among countries, regions and stocks. Nevertheless, the reliability of the classification is assessed by FAO as part of the process of producing the index.</p> <p><strong>Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)</strong> is commonly defined as the greatest average amount of catch that can be harvested in the long-term from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock), without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. A stock can produce MSY if its abundance is above a certain level, usually around 50% of its unexploited abundance (but actual value can vary around that level, depending on the biological characteristics of the stock). See more at <a href="https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21">https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21</a></p> <p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)). For more on Reference Points in Fish Stock Assessment, see Caddy and Mahon (1995), Cadima (2003) or Haddon (2011).</p> <p><strong>BMSY</strong>: Biomass corresponding to Maximum Sustainable Yield from a production model or from an age-based analysis using a stock recruitment model. Often used as a biological reference point in fisheries management, it is the calculated long-term average biomass value expected if fishing at FMSY.</p> <p><strong>A population is:</strong> “A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time and sharing a common gene pool, with little or no immigration or emigration.”</p> <p><strong>A biological stock is: </strong>“A subpopulation of a species inhabiting a particular geographic area, having similar biological characteristics (e.g. growth, reproduction, mortality) and negligible genetic mixing with other adjacent subpopulations of the same species." (FAO, 2004-2021).</p> <p>The <strong>Reference List of Stocks: i</strong>t is not possible to classify the sustainability of exploitation for all the exploited stocks from a country, region or the world. Therefore, the indicator must be calculated based on a subset of these stocks. The list of the stocks that are classified for status and used to calculate the indicators is called the "Reference List of Stocks".</p> <p>The Reference List of Stocks is built differently for the Regional/Global and the National levels. The process of building the Reference List of Stocks for regional and global level are described in FAO (2011). At National level, countries are requested to define a list of stocks, based on an agreed set of criteria (Appendix 1). National and shared stocks can be included, but not straddling stocks (stocks that are distributed both in national EEZ and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction).</p> <p>At this moment, there is not a direct correspondence between the national level Reference Lists (that are defined by each country) and the regional and global Reference lists (that are defined by FAO).</p> <p><a id="move956633181111111111111111"></a></p> <p>The detailed description of all necessary concepts can be found in the e-learning course (FAO 2019-2021).</p> |
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String updated in the repository |
<p><strong>Definition:</strong></p>
<p>The indicator, Proportion of marine fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels, measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by their abundance. A fish stock whose abundance is at or greater than the level that can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is classified as biologically sustainable. In contrast, when abundance falls below the MSY level, the stock is considered biologically unsustainable. </p> <p>MSY is defined as the greatest amount of catch that can be harvested continuously from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock) without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. The indicator measures the sustainability of fish resources based a good balance between human use and ecological conservation.</p> <p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)).</p> <p><strong>Concepts:</strong></p> <p>Fish stock refers to a group of individuals of a single species or sometimes combined species living in a defined area from which catches are taken in a fishery.</p> <p>A reference list of stocks should be established by each country and consists of a list of stocks selected according to FAO guidelines, against which the indicator will be reported (Appendix 1). The reference list should include national and shared stocks but not straddling stocks as defined below.</p> <p>National stocks are located completely within an EEZ and/or territorial waters. </p> <p>Shared stocks are distributed within the EEZ and/or territorial waters of two or more adjacent countries. </p> <p>Straddling stocks are found to move across boundaries between EEZ waters or between EEZ and high seas (e.g. tuna stocks), and that are caught by multiple countries. </p> <p>Countries are asked to report on stocks listed in its reference list, including those monitored through official stock assessments by an authoritative agency, through a scientific process and using best available science and data. These assessments could be based on classic or data-limited methods. </p> <p>Stock assessment uses biological information, fishery data such as catch statistics and fishing effort, and scientific survey data to estimate population dynamics of fish stocks for management purposes. Stock assessment methods include biological dynamic models, age-structured models, length-based methods and stock recruitment models.</p>
<h1>Concepts et définitions </h1>
<h2>Définition :</h2> <p>L'indicateur Proportion de stocks de poissons marins se situant dans des niveaux biologiquement viables mesure la viabilité des pêcheries de capture marines du monde par leur abondance. Un stock de poissons dont l'abondance est égale ou supérieure au niveau qui peut produire le rendement maximal durable (RMD) est considéré comme biologiquement durable. En revanche, lorsque l'abondance tombe en dessous du niveau du RMD, le stock est considéré comme biologiquement non durable.</p> <p>Le RMD est défini comme la plus grande quantité de prises qui peut être récoltée de façon continue à partir d'un stock dans des conditions environnementales constantes et actuelles (par exemple, l'habitat, les conditions de l'eau, la composition et les interactions des espèces, et tout ce qui pourrait affecter les taux de naissance, de croissance ou de mortalité du stock) sans affecter la productivité à long terme du stock. L'indicateur mesure la durabilité des ressources halieutiques sur la base d'un bon équilibre entre l'utilisation humaine et la conservation écologique.</p> <p>Les points de référence basés sur le RMD sont le type de points de référence le plus communément utilisé dans la gestion des pêches aujourd'hui. Cela s'explique principalement par le fait que, pendant des décennies, les points de référence des modèles de production excédentaire ont le plus souvent été fixés sur la base du concept de RMD et qu'ils constituent les repères de base pour la durabilité des pêches fixés par la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (UNCLOS, article 61(3)).</p> <h2>Concepts:</h2> <p><strong> <em>Un stock de poissons</em> </strong>désigne un groupe d'individus d'une seule espèce ou parfois d'espèces combinées vivant dans une zone définie et dont les captures sont effectuées dans le cadre d'une pêche</p>. Une <strong><em>liste de référence des stocks</em></strong> devrait être établie par chaque pays et consiste en une liste de stocks sélectionnés selon les directives de l'Organisation pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), par rapport auxquels l'indicateur sera rapporté (Annexe 1). La liste de référence devrait inclure les stocks nationaux et partagés, mais pas les stocks chevauchants tels que définis ci-dessous.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks nationaux </em></strong> sont entièrement situés dans une ZEE et/ou des eaux territoriales.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks partagés </em></strong><em></em>sont répartis dans la ZEE et/ou les eaux territoriales de deux pays adjacents ou plus.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks chevauchants</em></strong> se déplacent à travers les frontières entre les eaux de la ZEE ou entre la ZEE et la haute mer (par exemple, les stocks de thon), et sont capturés par plusieurs pays. </p> <p>Il est demandé aux pays de faire rapport sur les stocks énumérés dans sa liste de référence, y compris ceux qui sont surveillés par des <strong><em>évaluations officielles des stocks</em></strong> par une agence faisant autorité, selon un processus scientifique et en utilisant les meilleures données scientifiques disponibles. Ces évaluations pourraient être basées sur des méthodes classiques ou limitées aux données. </p> <p>L'évaluation des stocks utilise des informations biologiques, des données de pêche telles que les statistiques de capture et l'effort de pêche, et des données d'enquêtes scientifiques pour estimer la dynamique de la population des stocks de poissons à des fins de gestion. Les méthodes d'évaluation des stocks comprennent les modèles biologiques dynamiques, les modèles structurés par âge, les méthodes basées sur la longueur et les modèles de recrutement des stocks.</p> |
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<p><strong>Definition:</strong></p>
<p>The indicator, Proportion of marine fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels, measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by their abundance. A fish stock whose abundance is at or greater than the level that can produce the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is classified as biologically sustainable. In contrast, when abundance falls below the MSY level, the stock is considered biologically unsustainable. </p> <p>MSY is defined as the greatest amount of catch that can be harvested continuously from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock) without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. The indicator measures the sustainability of fish resources based a good balance between human use and ecological conservation.</p> <p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)).</p> <p><strong>Concepts:</strong></p> <p>Fish stock refers to a group of individuals of a single species or sometimes combined species living in a defined area from which catches are taken in a fishery.</p> <p>A reference list of stocks should be established by each country and consists of a list of stocks selected according to FAO guidelines, against which the indicator will be reported (Appendix 1). The reference list should include national and shared stocks but not straddling stocks as defined below.</p> <p>National stocks are located completely within an EEZ and/or territorial waters. </p> <p>Shared stocks are distributed within the EEZ and/or territorial waters of two or more adjacent countries. </p> <p>Straddling stocks are found to move across boundaries between EEZ waters or between EEZ and high seas (e.g. tuna stocks), and that are caught by multiple countries. </p> <p>Countries are asked to report on stocks listed in its reference list, including those monitored through official stock assessments by an authoritative agency, through a scientific process and using best available science and data. These assessments could be based on classic or data-limited methods. </p> <p>Stock assessment uses biological information, fishery data such as catch statistics and fishing effort, and scientific survey data to estimate population dynamics of fish stocks for management purposes. Stock assessment methods include biological dynamic models, age-structured models, length-based methods and stock recruitment models.</p> |
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<h2 <p>The indicator, Proportion of marine fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels, measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by their abundance. A fish stock whose abundance is at or greater than the level <p>MSY is defined as the greatest amount of catch that can be harvested continuously from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock) without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. The indicator measures the sustainability of fish resources based a good balance between human use and ecological conservation.</p> <p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)).</p> < <p> <p>A <p> <p> <p> <p>Countries are asked to report on stocks listed in its reference list, including those monitored through <p>Stock assessment uses biological information, fishery data such as catch statistics and fishing effort, and scientific survey data to estimate population dynamics of fish stocks for management purposes. Stock assessment methods include biological dynamic models, age-structured models, length-based methods and stock recruitment models.</p> |
brockfanning
Bulk status changed |
<p><strong>Definition:</strong></p>
<p>The indicator, "Proportion of marine fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels", measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to MSY levels.</p> <p>For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within "biologically sustainable levels").</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>100</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>100</mn> </math></p> <p>where Ps is the percentage of stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" for the Reference List of stocks. Ns is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "within biologically sustainable levels", Nu is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels" and N = Ns + Nu is the total number of stocks in the Reference List that have been classified as within or outside "biologically sustainable levels".</p> <p>Classifying individual stocks as within/outside "biologically sustainable levels":</p> <p>In order to keep consistency with the 14.4 target ("at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics" and other earlier international agreements, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a fish stock is classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" if its abundance is estimated (considering uncertainty) to be equal to or greater than the level that can produce the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). In contrast, when abundance falls below the MSY level, the stock is classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels".</p> <p>A wide array of methods and approaches (including documented expert opinion) is used to classify stock status relative to the abundance producing MSY. This varies among countries, regions and stocks. Nevertheless, the reliability of the classification is assessed by FAO as part of the process of producing the index.</p> <p><strong>Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)</strong> is commonly defined as the greatest average amount of catch that can be harvested in the long-term from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock), without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. A stock can produce MSY if its abundance is above a certain level, usually around 50% of its unexploited abundance (but actual value can vary around that level, depending on the biological characteristics of the stock). See more at <a href="https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21">https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21</a></p> <p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)). For more on Reference Points in Fish Stock Assessment, see Caddy and Mahon (1995), Cadima (2003) or Haddon (2011).</p> <p><strong>BMSY</strong>: Biomass corresponding to Maximum Sustainable Yield from a production model or from an age-based analysis using a stock recruitment model. Often used as a biological reference point in fisheries management, it is the calculated long-term average biomass value expected if fishing at FMSY.</p> <p><strong>A population is:</strong> “A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time and sharing a common gene pool, with little or no immigration or emigration.”</p> <p><strong>A biological stock is: </strong>“A subpopulation of a species inhabiting a particular geographic area, having similar biological characteristics (e.g. growth, reproduction, mortality) and negligible genetic mixing with other adjacent subpopulations of the same species." (FAO, 2004-2021).</p> <p>The <strong>Reference List of Stocks: i</strong>t is not possible to classify the sustainability of exploitation for all the exploited stocks from a country, region or the world. Therefore, the indicator must be calculated based on a subset of these stocks. The list of the stocks that are classified for status and used to calculate the indicators is called the "Reference List of Stocks".</p> <p>The Reference List of Stocks is built differently for the Regional/Global and the National levels. The process of building the Reference List of Stocks for regional and global level are described in FAO (2011). At National level, countries are requested to define a list of stocks, based on an agreed set of criteria (Appendix 1). National and shared stocks can be included, but not straddling stocks (stocks that are distributed both in national EEZ and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction).</p> <p>At this moment, there is not a direct correspondence between the national level Reference Lists (that are defined by each country) and the regional and global Reference lists (that are defined by FAO).</p> <p><a id="move956633181111111111111111"></a></p> <p>The detailed description of all necessary concepts can be found in the e-learning course (FAO 2019-2021).</p>
<h1>Concepts et définitions </h1>
<h2>Définition :</h2> <p>L'indicateur Proportion de stocks de poissons marins se situant dans des niveaux biologiquement viables mesure la viabilité des pêcheries de capture marines du monde par leur abondance. Un stock de poissons dont l'abondance est égale ou supérieure au niveau qui peut produire le rendement maximal durable (RMD) est considéré comme biologiquement durable. En revanche, lorsque l'abondance tombe en dessous du niveau du RMD, le stock est considéré comme biologiquement non durable.</p> <p>Le RMD est défini comme la plus grande quantité de prises qui peut être récoltée de façon continue à partir d'un stock dans des conditions environnementales constantes et actuelles (par exemple, l'habitat, les conditions de l'eau, la composition et les interactions des espèces, et tout ce qui pourrait affecter les taux de naissance, de croissance ou de mortalité du stock) sans affecter la productivité à long terme du stock. L'indicateur mesure la durabilité des ressources halieutiques sur la base d'un bon équilibre entre l'utilisation humaine et la conservation écologique.</p> <p>Les points de référence basés sur le RMD sont le type de points de référence le plus communément utilisé dans la gestion des pêches aujourd'hui. Cela s'explique principalement par le fait que, pendant des décennies, les points de référence des modèles de production excédentaire ont le plus souvent été fixés sur la base du concept de RMD et qu'ils constituent les repères de base pour la durabilité des pêches fixés par la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (UNCLOS, article 61(3)).</p> <h2>Concepts:</h2> <p><strong> <em>Un stock de poissons</em> </strong>désigne un groupe d'individus d'une seule espèce ou parfois d'espèces combinées vivant dans une zone définie et dont les captures sont effectuées dans le cadre d'une pêche</p>. Une <strong><em>liste de référence des stocks</em></strong> devrait être établie par chaque pays et consiste en une liste de stocks sélectionnés selon les directives de l'Organisation pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), par rapport auxquels l'indicateur sera rapporté (Annexe 1). La liste de référence devrait inclure les stocks nationaux et partagés, mais pas les stocks chevauchants tels que définis ci-dessous.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks nationaux </em></strong> sont entièrement situés dans une ZEE et/ou des eaux territoriales.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks partagés </em></strong><em></em>sont répartis dans la ZEE et/ou les eaux territoriales de deux pays adjacents ou plus.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks chevauchants</em></strong> se déplacent à travers les frontières entre les eaux de la ZEE ou entre la ZEE et la haute mer (par exemple, les stocks de thon), et sont capturés par plusieurs pays. </p> <p>Il est demandé aux pays de faire rapport sur les stocks énumérés dans sa liste de référence, y compris ceux qui sont surveillés par des <strong><em>évaluations officielles des stocks</em></strong> par une agence faisant autorité, selon un processus scientifique et en utilisant les meilleures données scientifiques disponibles. Ces évaluations pourraient être basées sur des méthodes classiques ou limitées aux données. </p> <p>L'évaluation des stocks utilise des informations biologiques, des données de pêche telles que les statistiques de capture et l'effort de pêche, et des données d'enquêtes scientifiques pour estimer la dynamique de la population des stocks de poissons à des fins de gestion. Les méthodes d'évaluation des stocks comprennent les modèles biologiques dynamiques, les modèles structurés par âge, les méthodes basées sur la longueur et les modèles de recrutement des stocks.</p> |
brockfanning
Bulk status changed |
<p><strong>Definition:</strong></p>
<p>The indicator, "Proportion of marine fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels", measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to MSY levels.</p> <p>For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within "biologically sustainable levels").</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>100</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>100</mn> </math></p> <p>where Ps is the percentage of stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" for the Reference List of stocks. Ns is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "within biologically sustainable levels", Nu is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels" and N = Ns + Nu is the total number of stocks in the Reference List that have been classified as within or outside "biologically sustainable levels".</p> <p>Classifying individual stocks as within/outside "biologically sustainable levels":</p> <p>In order to keep consistency with the 14.4 target ("at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics" and other earlier international agreements, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a fish stock is classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" if its abundance is estimated (considering uncertainty) to be equal to or greater than the level that can produce the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). In contrast, when abundance falls below the MSY level, the stock is classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels".</p> <p>A wide array of methods and approaches (including documented expert opinion) is used to classify stock status relative to the abundance producing MSY. This varies among countries, regions and stocks. Nevertheless, the reliability of the classification is assessed by FAO as part of the process of producing the index.</p> <p><strong>Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)</strong> is commonly defined as the greatest average amount of catch that can be harvested in the long-term from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock), without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. A stock can produce MSY if its abundance is above a certain level, usually around 50% of its unexploited abundance (but actual value can vary around that level, depending on the biological characteristics of the stock). See more at <a href="https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21">https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21</a></p> <p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)). For more on Reference Points in Fish Stock Assessment, see Caddy and Mahon (1995), Cadima (2003) or Haddon (2011).</p> <p><strong>BMSY</strong>: Biomass corresponding to Maximum Sustainable Yield from a production model or from an age-based analysis using a stock recruitment model. Often used as a biological reference point in fisheries management, it is the calculated long-term average biomass value expected if fishing at FMSY.</p> <p><strong>A population is:</strong> “A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time and sharing a common gene pool, with little or no immigration or emigration.”</p> <p><strong>A biological stock is: </strong>“A subpopulation of a species inhabiting a particular geographic area, having similar biological characteristics (e.g. growth, reproduction, mortality) and negligible genetic mixing with other adjacent subpopulations of the same species." (FAO, 2004-2021).</p> <p>The <strong>Reference List of Stocks: i</strong>t is not possible to classify the sustainability of exploitation for all the exploited stocks from a country, region or the world. Therefore, the indicator must be calculated based on a subset of these stocks. The list of the stocks that are classified for status and used to calculate the indicators is called the "Reference List of Stocks".</p> <p>The Reference List of Stocks is built differently for the Regional/Global and the National levels. The process of building the Reference List of Stocks for regional and global level are described in FAO (2011). At National level, countries are requested to define a list of stocks, based on an agreed set of criteria (Appendix 1). National and shared stocks can be included, but not straddling stocks (stocks that are distributed both in national EEZ and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction).</p> <p>At this moment, there is not a direct correspondence between the national level Reference Lists (that are defined by each country) and the regional and global Reference lists (that are defined by FAO).</p> <p><a id="move956633181111111111111111"></a></p> <p>The detailed description of all necessary concepts can be found in the e-learning course (FAO 2019-2021).</p>
<h1>Concepts et définitions </h1>
<h2>Définition :</h2> <p>L'indicateur Proportion de stocks de poissons marins se situant dans des niveaux biologiquement viables mesure la viabilité des pêcheries de capture marines du monde par leur abondance. Un stock de poissons dont l'abondance est égale ou supérieure au niveau qui peut produire le rendement maximal durable (RMD) est considéré comme biologiquement durable. En revanche, lorsque l'abondance tombe en dessous du niveau du RMD, le stock est considéré comme biologiquement non durable.</p> <p>Le RMD est défini comme la plus grande quantité de prises qui peut être récoltée de façon continue à partir d'un stock dans des conditions environnementales constantes et actuelles (par exemple, l'habitat, les conditions de l'eau, la composition et les interactions des espèces, et tout ce qui pourrait affecter les taux de naissance, de croissance ou de mortalité du stock) sans affecter la productivité à long terme du stock. L'indicateur mesure la durabilité des ressources halieutiques sur la base d'un bon équilibre entre l'utilisation humaine et la conservation écologique.</p> <p>Les points de référence basés sur le RMD sont le type de points de référence le plus communément utilisé dans la gestion des pêches aujourd'hui. Cela s'explique principalement par le fait que, pendant des décennies, les points de référence des modèles de production excédentaire ont le plus souvent été fixés sur la base du concept de RMD et qu'ils constituent les repères de base pour la durabilité des pêches fixés par la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (UNCLOS, article 61(3)).</p> <h2>Concepts:</h2> <p><strong> <em>Un stock de poissons</em> </strong>désigne un groupe d'individus d'une seule espèce ou parfois d'espèces combinées vivant dans une zone définie et dont les captures sont effectuées dans le cadre d'une pêche</p>. Une <strong><em>liste de référence des stocks</em></strong> devrait être établie par chaque pays et consiste en une liste de stocks sélectionnés selon les directives de l'Organisation pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), par rapport auxquels l'indicateur sera rapporté (Annexe 1). La liste de référence devrait inclure les stocks nationaux et partagés, mais pas les stocks chevauchants tels que définis ci-dessous.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks nationaux </em></strong> sont entièrement situés dans une ZEE et/ou des eaux territoriales.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks partagés </em></strong><em></em>sont répartis dans la ZEE et/ou les eaux territoriales de deux pays adjacents ou plus.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks chevauchants</em></strong> se déplacent à travers les frontières entre les eaux de la ZEE ou entre la ZEE et la haute mer (par exemple, les stocks de thon), et sont capturés par plusieurs pays. </p> <p>Il est demandé aux pays de faire rapport sur les stocks énumérés dans sa liste de référence, y compris ceux qui sont surveillés par des <strong><em>évaluations officielles des stocks</em></strong> par une agence faisant autorité, selon un processus scientifique et en utilisant les meilleures données scientifiques disponibles. Ces évaluations pourraient être basées sur des méthodes classiques ou limitées aux données. </p> <p>L'évaluation des stocks utilise des informations biologiques, des données de pêche telles que les statistiques de capture et l'effort de pêche, et des données d'enquêtes scientifiques pour estimer la dynamique de la population des stocks de poissons à des fins de gestion. Les méthodes d'évaluation des stocks comprennent les modèles biologiques dynamiques, les modèles structurés par âge, les méthodes basées sur la longueur et les modèles de recrutement des stocks.</p> |
mirigaj
Translation added |
<p><strong>Definition:</strong></p>
<p>The indicator, "Proportion of marine fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels", measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to MSY levels.</p> <p>For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within "biologically sustainable levels").</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <msub> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>100</mn> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mi>x</mi> <mn>100</mn> </math></p> <p>where Ps is the percentage of stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" for the Reference List of stocks. Ns is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "within biologically sustainable levels", Nu is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels" and N = Ns + Nu is the total number of stocks in the Reference List that have been classified as within or outside "biologically sustainable levels".</p> <p>Classifying individual stocks as within/outside "biologically sustainable levels":</p> <p>In order to keep consistency with the 14.4 target ("at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics" and other earlier international agreements, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a fish stock is classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" if its abundance is estimated (considering uncertainty) to be equal to or greater than the level that can produce the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). In contrast, when abundance falls below the MSY level, the stock is classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels".</p> <p>A wide array of methods and approaches (including documented expert opinion) is used to classify stock status relative to the abundance producing MSY. This varies among countries, regions and stocks. Nevertheless, the reliability of the classification is assessed by FAO as part of the process of producing the index.</p> <p><strong>Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)</strong> is commonly defined as the greatest average amount of catch that can be harvested in the long-term from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock), without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. A stock can produce MSY if its abundance is above a certain level, usually around 50% of its unexploited abundance (but actual value can vary around that level, depending on the biological characteristics of the stock). See more at <a href="https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21">https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21</a></p> <p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)). For more on Reference Points in Fish Stock Assessment, see Caddy and Mahon (1995), Cadima (2003) or Haddon (2011).</p> <p><strong>BMSY</strong>: Biomass corresponding to Maximum Sustainable Yield from a production model or from an age-based analysis using a stock recruitment model. Often used as a biological reference point in fisheries management, it is the calculated long-term average biomass value expected if fishing at FMSY.</p> <p><strong>A population is:</strong> “A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time and sharing a common gene pool, with little or no immigration or emigration.”</p> <p><strong>A biological stock is: </strong>“A subpopulation of a species inhabiting a particular geographic area, having similar biological characteristics (e.g. growth, reproduction, mortality) and negligible genetic mixing with other adjacent subpopulations of the same species." (FAO, 2004-2021).</p> <p>The <strong>Reference List of Stocks: i</strong>t is not possible to classify the sustainability of exploitation for all the exploited stocks from a country, region or the world. Therefore, the indicator must be calculated based on a subset of these stocks. The list of the stocks that are classified for status and used to calculate the indicators is called the "Reference List of Stocks".</p> <p>The Reference List of Stocks is built differently for the Regional/Global and the National levels. The process of building the Reference List of Stocks for regional and global level are described in FAO (2011). At National level, countries are requested to define a list of stocks, based on an agreed set of criteria (Appendix 1). National and shared stocks can be included, but not straddling stocks (stocks that are distributed both in national EEZ and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction).</p> <p>At this moment, there is not a direct correspondence between the national level Reference Lists (that are defined by each country) and the regional and global Reference lists (that are defined by FAO).</p> <p><a id="move956633181111111111111111"></a></p> <p>The detailed description of all necessary concepts can be found in the e-learning course (FAO 2019-2021).</p>
<h1>Concepts et définitions </h1>
<h2>Définition :</h2> <p>L'indicateur Proportion de stocks de poissons marins se situant dans des niveaux biologiquement viables mesure la viabilité des pêcheries de capture marines du monde par leur abondance. Un stock de poissons dont l'abondance est égale ou supérieure au niveau qui peut produire le rendement maximal durable (RMD) est considéré comme biologiquement durable. En revanche, lorsque l'abondance tombe en dessous du niveau du RMD, le stock est considéré comme biologiquement non durable.</p> <p>Le RMD est défini comme la plus grande quantité de prises qui peut être récoltée de façon continue à partir d'un stock dans des conditions environnementales constantes et actuelles (par exemple, l'habitat, les conditions de l'eau, la composition et les interactions des espèces, et tout ce qui pourrait affecter les taux de naissance, de croissance ou de mortalité du stock) sans affecter la productivité à long terme du stock. L'indicateur mesure la durabilité des ressources halieutiques sur la base d'un bon équilibre entre l'utilisation humaine et la conservation écologique.</p> <p>Les points de référence basés sur le RMD sont le type de points de référence le plus communément utilisé dans la gestion des pêches aujourd'hui. Cela s'explique principalement par le fait que, pendant des décennies, les points de référence des modèles de production excédentaire ont le plus souvent été fixés sur la base du concept de RMD et qu'ils constituent les repères de base pour la durabilité des pêches fixés par la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (UNCLOS, article 61(3)).</p> <h2>Concepts:</h2> <p><strong> <em>Un stock de poissons</em> </strong>désigne un groupe d'individus d'une seule espèce ou parfois d'espèces combinées vivant dans une zone définie et dont les captures sont effectuées dans le cadre d'une pêche</p>. Une <strong><em>liste de référence des stocks</em></strong> devrait être établie par chaque pays et consiste en une liste de stocks sélectionnés selon les directives de l'Organisation pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), par rapport auxquels l'indicateur sera rapporté (Annexe 1). La liste de référence devrait inclure les stocks nationaux et partagés, mais pas les stocks chevauchants tels que définis ci-dessous.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks nationaux </em></strong> sont entièrement situés dans une ZEE et/ou des eaux territoriales.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks partagés </em></strong><em></em>sont répartis dans la ZEE et/ou les eaux territoriales de deux pays adjacents ou plus.</p> <p><strong><em>Les stocks chevauchants</em></strong> se déplacent à travers les frontières entre les eaux de la ZEE ou entre la ZEE et la haute mer (par exemple, les stocks de thon), et sont capturés par plusieurs pays. </p> <p>Il est demandé aux pays de faire rapport sur les stocks énumérés dans sa liste de référence, y compris ceux qui sont surveillés par des <strong><em>évaluations officielles des stocks</em></strong> par une agence faisant autorité, selon un processus scientifique et en utilisant les meilleures données scientifiques disponibles. Ces évaluations pourraient être basées sur des méthodes classiques ou limitées aux données. </p> <p>L'évaluation des stocks utilise des informations biologiques, des données de pêche telles que les statistiques de capture et l'effort de pêche, et des données d'enquêtes scientifiques pour estimer la dynamique de la population des stocks de poissons à des fins de gestion. Les méthodes d'évaluation des stocks comprennent les modèles biologiques dynamiques, les modèles structurés par âge, les méthodes basées sur la longueur et les modèles de recrutement des stocks.</p> |
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<p>The indicator, "Proportion of marine fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels", measures the sustainability of the world's marine capture fisheries by the abundance of the exploited fish stocks with respect to MSY levels.</p>
<p>For each level of reporting (National, Regional, Global) the indicator is calculated as the ratio between the number of exploited fish stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" and the total number of stocks in the Reference List that were classified with a determined status (within/not within "biologically sustainable levels").</p>
<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>100</mn>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>s</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>u</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mi>x</mi>
<mn>100</mn>
</math></p>
<p>where Ps is the percentage of stocks classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" for the Reference List of stocks. Ns is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "within biologically sustainable levels", Nu is the number of stocks in the Reference List classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels" and N = Ns + Nu is the total number of stocks in the Reference List that have been classified as within or outside "biologically sustainable levels".</p>
<p>Classifying individual stocks as within/outside "biologically sustainable levels":</p>
<p>In order to keep consistency with the 14.4 target ("at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics" and other earlier international agreements, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), a fish stock is classified as "within biologically sustainable levels" if its abundance is estimated (considering uncertainty) to be equal to or greater than the level that can produce the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). In contrast, when abundance falls below the MSY level, the stock is classified as "outside biologically sustainable levels".</p>
<p>A wide array of methods and approaches (including documented expert opinion) is used to classify stock status relative to the abundance producing MSY. This varies among countries, regions and stocks. Nevertheless, the reliability of the classification is assessed by FAO as part of the process of producing the index.</p>
<p><strong>Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)</strong> is commonly defined as the greatest average amount of catch that can be harvested in the long-term from a stock under constant and current environmental conditions (e.g., habitat, water conditions, species composition and interactions, and anything that could affect birth, growth, or death rates of the stock), without affecting the long-term productivity of the stock. A stock can produce MSY if its abundance is above a certain level, usually around 50% of its unexploited abundance (but actual value can vary around that level, depending on the biological characteristics of the stock). See more at <a href="https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21">https://www.fao.org/faoterm/en/?defaultCollId=21</a></p>
<p>MSY-based reference points are the most common type of reference points used in fisheries management today. This is primarily because, for decades, reference points from surplus production models have most often been set based on the concept of MSY and they are the basic benchmarks for the sustainability of fisheries set by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, Article 61(3)). For more on Reference Points in Fish Stock Assessment, see Caddy and Mahon (1995), Cadima (2003) or Haddon (2011).</p>
<p><strong>BMSY</strong>: Biomass corresponding to Maximum Sustainable Yield from a production model or from an age-based analysis using a stock recruitment model. Often used as a biological reference point in fisheries management, it is the calculated long-term average biomass value expected if fishing at FMSY.</p>
<p><strong>A population is:</strong> “A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time and sharing a common gene pool, with little or no immigration or emigration.”</p>
<p><strong>A biological stock is: </strong>“A subpopulation of a species inhabiting a particular geographic area, having similar biological characteristics (e.g. growth, reproduction, mortality) and negligible genetic mixing with other adjacent subpopulations of the same species." (FAO, 2004-2021).</p>
<p>The <strong>Reference List of Stocks: i</strong>t is not possible to classify the sustainability of exploitation for all the exploited stocks from a country, region or the world. Therefore, the indicator must be calculated based on a subset of these stocks. The list of the stocks that are classified for status and used to calculate the indicators is called the "Reference List of Stocks".</p>
<p>The Reference List of Stocks is built differently for the Regional/Global and the National levels. The process of building the Reference List of Stocks for regional and global level are described in FAO (2011). At National level, countries are requested to define a list of stocks, based on an agreed set of criteria (Appendix 1). National and shared stocks can be included, but not straddling stocks (stocks that are distributed both in national EEZ and Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction).</p>
<p>At this moment, there is not a direct correspondence between the national level Reference Lists (that are defined by each country) and the regional and global Reference lists (that are defined by FAO).</p>
<p><a id="move956633181111111111111111"></a></p>
<p>The detailed description of all necessary concepts can be found in the e-learning course (FAO 2019-2021).</p>
<h2>Définition :</h2>
<p>L'indicateur Proportion de stocks de poissons marins se situant dans des niveaux biologiquement viables mesure la viabilité des pêcheries de capture marines du monde par leur abondance. Un stock de poissons dont l'abondance est égale ou supérieure au niveau qui peut produire le rendement maximal durable (RMD) est considéré comme biologiquement durable. En revanche, lorsque l'abondance tombe en dessous du niveau du RMD, le stock est considéré comme biologiquement non durable.</p>
<p>Le RMD est défini comme la plus grande quantité de prises qui peut être récoltée de façon continue à partir d'un stock dans des conditions environnementales constantes et actuelles (par exemple, l'habitat, les conditions de l'eau, la composition et les interactions des espèces, et tout ce qui pourrait affecter les taux de naissance, de croissance ou de mortalité du stock) sans affecter la productivité à long terme du stock. L'indicateur mesure la durabilité des ressources halieutiques sur la base d'un bon équilibre entre l'utilisation humaine et la conservation écologique.</p>
<p>Les points de référence basés sur le RMD sont le type de points de référence le plus communément utilisé dans la gestion des pêches aujourd'hui. Cela s'explique principalement par le fait que, pendant des décennies, les points de référence des modèles de production excédentaire ont le plus souvent été fixés sur la base du concept de RMD et qu'ils constituent les repères de base pour la durabilité des pêches fixés par la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer (UNCLOS, article 61(3)).</p>
<h2>Concepts:</h2>
<p><strong> <em>Un stock de poissons</em> </strong>désigne un groupe d'individus d'une seule espèce ou parfois d'espèces combinées vivant dans une zone définie et dont les captures sont effectuées dans le cadre d'une pêche</p>.
Une <strong><em>liste de référence des stocks</em></strong> devrait être établie par chaque pays et consiste en une liste de stocks sélectionnés selon les directives de l'Organisation pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO), par rapport auxquels l'indicateur sera rapporté (Annexe 1). La liste de référence devrait inclure les stocks nationaux et partagés, mais pas les stocks chevauchants tels que définis ci-dessous.</p>
<p><strong><em>Les stocks nationaux </em></strong> sont entièrement situés dans une ZEE et/ou des eaux territoriales.</p>
<p><strong><em>Les stocks partagés </em></strong><em></em>sont répartis dans la ZEE et/ou les eaux territoriales de deux pays adjacents ou plus.</p>
<p><strong><em>Les stocks chevauchants</em></strong> se déplacent à travers les frontières entre les eaux de la ZEE ou entre la ZEE et la haute mer (par exemple, les stocks de thon), et sont capturés par plusieurs pays. </p>
<p>Il est demandé aux pays de faire rapport sur les stocks énumérés dans sa liste de référence, y compris ceux qui sont surveillés par des <strong><em>évaluations officielles des stocks</em></strong> par une agence faisant autorité, selon un processus scientifique et en utilisant les meilleures données scientifiques disponibles. Ces évaluations pourraient être basées sur des méthodes classiques ou limitées aux données. </p>
<p>L'évaluation des stocks utilise des informations biologiques, des données de pêche telles que les statistiques de capture et l'effort de pêche, et des données d'enquêtes scientifiques pour estimer la dynamique de la population des stocks de poissons à des fins de gestion. Les méthodes d'évaluation des stocks comprennent les modèles biologiques dynamiques, les modèles structurés par âge, les méthodes basées sur la longueur et les modèles de recrutement des stocks.</p>