<p>The first nationwide censusinthiscountrypost-independence was carried out in 1985 with support from UNFPA. The 1985 census was conducted to determine the total population count in all provinces to provide a basis for nation-building reconstructionefforts.Onlysevenquestionswereaskedwith no housing characteristics component.</p><p>The second and third PHCs were implemented in March 1995 and 2005, respectively, with financial and technical assistance from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). </p><p>The 1995 PHC added questions and expanded its content to encompass housing characteristics. </p><p>The 2005 PHC included numerous features of the 1995 PHC and added new questions on disability status and population movement as well as applied internationally accepted concepts, design and data processing technologies. </p><p>The results of the 1995 and 2005 PHCs provided a rich source of demographic and socio-economic data that benefited many stakeholders.</p><p>Comparedtopreviouscensuses,the2015 PHC had a broader scope and content, The latest 4th Population and Housing Census (PHC) 2015 thoughsomeelementsofthe2005PHCwerekeptforcomparisonpurposes.Moreover,thisroundofthePHCforthefirsttimeincludedaPost-Enumeration Survey (PES).</p><p><strong>Scope and Coverage</strong></p><p>A PHC can be taken either on a de jure or de facto basis. The de facto method counts the population at the place where they happen to be on census night. On the other hand, the de jure method counts the population at the place where they usually live.</p><p>Past PHCs only included Lao citizens who were counted at their usual places of residence or in most cases, the village where registered. The 2015 PHC enumerated all Lao citizens living in Lao PDR and people of other nationalities with residency permits to stay in Lao PDR for more than six months. Lao citizens temporarily abroad at the time of the PHC were enumerated through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</p><p><strong>Questionnaire</strong></p><p>Thequestionnairecomprised10 parts and 63 questions designed to capture a wide range of information about a household and its members, including demographic, socio-economic and cultural data, disability status, fertility, internal and international migration, mortality and housing characteristics. </p><p>The content and language of the questionnaire were tested several times. The first test was conducted in Vientiane Capital in rural and urban areas. The revised questionnaire was tested during the pilot test in northern, central and southern provinces in December 2014. The questionnaire’s format was also tested with a scanner to ensure its layout and printing quality. A simplified version of the main questionnaire was designed to collect data from Lao citizens living aboard.</p><p><strong>Listing of Households</strong></p><p>Prior to PHC fieldwork, the household listing operation was conducted from July to August 2014 by Koum Ban1 staff under supervision of the provincial statistics office. The main objective of household listing was to provide up-to-date data on the number of households in each village. The information collected during this phase was used as a basis for determining enumeration areas and the number of enumerators needed for main census operations.</p><p><strong>Data Collection</strong></p><p>Actual PHC data collection was conducted during seven days from March 1-7, 2015 nationwide. Census enumeration was done using individual household respondents, i.e head of household or a person who can provide information on household members. One enumerator was each assigned one enumeration area with about 70 households on average. One supervisor was assigned to oversee four enumerators or four enumeration areas.</p><p><strong>Data Processing</strong></p><p>As was the case with the 2005 PHC, scanning technology was deployed to capture 2015 PHC data and converted to digital format. A data processing system was involved in numerous steps, including document preparation, scanning and data verification and correction.</p><p>Data capture was carried out from May to August 2015. Data processing staff was pre-trained and to complete the intensive data capture process on time, 35 volunteers were recruited to support two shifts of work per day.</p><p>After completion of the scanning process, a database for further data processing was created. An editing programme was developed to clean and edit data. CSPro, integrated software developed for data entry, editing, verification and tabulation, was used for data processing as well as tabulation.</p>
<p>The first nationwide censusinthiscountrypost-independence was carried out in 1985 with support from UNFPA. The 1985 census was conducted to determine the total population count in all provinces to provide a basis for nation-building reconstructionefforts.Onlysevenquestionswereaskedwith no housing characteristics component.</p><p>The second and third PHCs were implemented in March 1995 and 2005, respectively, with financial and technical assistance from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). </p><p>The 1995 PHC added questions and expanded its content to encompass housing characteristics. </p><p>The 2005 PHC included numerous features of the 1995 PHC and added new questions on disability status and population movement as well as applied internationally accepted concepts, design and data processing technologies. </p><p>The results of the 1995 and 2005 PHCs provided a rich source of demographic and socio-economic data that benefited many stakeholders.</p><p>Comparedtopreviouscensuses,the2015 PHC had a broader scope and content, The latest 4th Population and Housing Census (PHC) 2015 thoughsomeelementsofthe2005PHCwerekeptforcomparisonpurposes.Moreover,thisroundofthePHCforthefirsttimeincludedaPost-Enumeration Survey (PES).</p><p><strong>Scope and Coverage</strong></p><p>A PHC can be taken either on a de jure or de facto basis. The de facto method counts the population at the place where they happen to be on census night. On the other hand, the de jure method counts the population at the place where they usually live.</p><p>Past PHCs only included Lao citizens who were counted at their usual places of residence or in most cases, the village where registered. The 2015 PHC enumerated all Lao citizens living in Lao PDR and people of other nationalities with residency permits to stay in Lao PDR for more than six months. Lao citizens temporarily abroad at the time of the PHC were enumerated through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</p><p><strong>Questionnaire</strong></p><p>Thequestionnairecomprised10 parts and 63 questions designed to capture a wide range of information about a household and its members, including demographic, socio-economic and cultural data, disability status, fertility, internal and international migration, mortality and housing characteristics. </p><p>The content and language of the questionnaire were tested several times. The first test was conducted in Vientiane Capital in rural and urban areas. The revised questionnaire was tested during the pilot test in northern, central and southern provinces in December 2014. The questionnaire’s format was also tested with a scanner to ensure its layout and printing quality. A simplified version of the main questionnaire was designed to collect data from Lao citizens living aboard.</p><p><strong>Listing of Households</strong></p><p>Prior to PHC fieldwork, the household listing operation was conducted from July to August 2014 by Koum Ban1 staff under supervision of the provincial statistics office. The main objective of household listing was to provide up-to-date data on the number of households in each village. The information collected during this phase was used as a basis for determining enumeration areas and the number of enumerators needed for main census operations.</p><p><strong>Data Collection</strong></p><p>Actual PHC data collection was conducted during seven days from March 1-7, 2015 nationwide. Census enumeration was done using individual household respondents, i.e head of household or a person who can provide information on household members. One enumerator was each assigned one enumeration area with about 70 households on average. One supervisor was assigned to oversee four enumerators or four enumeration areas.</p><p><strong>Data Processing</strong></p><p>As was the case with the 2005 PHC, scanning technology was deployed to capture 2015 PHC data and converted to digital format. A data processing system was involved in numerous steps, including document preparation, scanning and data verification and correction.</p><p>Data capture was carried out from May to August 2015. Data processing staff was pre-trained and to complete the intensive data capture process on time, 35 volunteers were recruited to support two shifts of work per day.</p><p>After completion of the scanning process, a database for further data processing was created. An editing programme was developed to clean and edit data. CSPro, integrated software developed for data entry, editing, verification and tabulation, was used for data processing as well as tabulation.</p>
ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນບົນພື້ນຖາທັງໃນ de jure ຫຼື de facto ພື້ນຖານ. ວິ ທີ ການ de facto ນັບ ປະ ຊາ ຊົນ ຢູ່ ໃນ ສະ ຖານ ທີ່ ທີ່ ພວກ ເຂົາ ເຈົ້າ ເກີດ ຂຶ້ນ ໃນ ຄືນ ການ ຈົດ ທະ ບຽນ . ໃນທາງກົງກັນຂ້າມ, ວິທີການ de jure ນັບຈໍານວນປະຊາກອນຢູ່ບ່ອນທີ່ພວກເຂົາເຈົ້າປົກກະຕິຈະອາໄສຢູ່. </p> <p> ທີ່ຜ່ານມາ PHCs ມີພຽງແຕ່ພົນລະເມືອງລາວທີ່ຖືກນັບຢູ່ສະຖານທີ່ພັກອາໄສຕາມປົກກະຕິຫຼືໃນກໍລະນີສ່ວນໃຫຍ່, ຫມູ່ບ້ານທີ່ລົງທະບຽນ. PHC ປີ 2015 ໄດ້enumerated ປະຊາຊົນລາວລາວທັງຫມົດທີ່ອາໄສຢູ່ໃນ Lao PDR ແລະປະຊາຊົນຂອງສັນຊາດອື່ນໆທີ່ມີໃບອະນຸຍາດທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສໃຫ້ຢູ່ໃນ Lao PDR ເປັນເວລາຫຼາຍກວ່າຫົກເດືອນ. ພົນລະເມືອງລາວຢູ່ຕ່າງປະເທດຊົ່ວຄາວໃນເວລາທີ່ PHC ໄດ້ຖືກenumerated ຜ່ານກະຊວງການຕ່າງປະເທດ. </p> <p> <strong> ສອບເກັບກໍາຂໍ້ມູນຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງຈັບຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ຫຼາກຫຼາຍກ່ຽວກັບຄອບຄົວ ແລະ ສະມາຊິກຂອງຕົນ,ລວມທັງຂໍ້ມູນທາງດ້ານສັງຄົມປະຊາກອນ, ເສດຖະກິດ-ສັງຄົມ ແລະ ວັດທະນະທໍາ, ສະຖານະພາບຄວາມພິການ, ການຈະເລີນພັນ, ການຍົກຍ້າຍຖິ່ນຖານພາຍໃນ ແລະ ສາກົນ, ຄວາມເປັນມະຕຕິະ ແລະລັກສະນະທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສທີ່ມີລັກສະນະ. </p> <p> ເນື້ອໃນແລະພາສາຂອງການສອບຖາມໄດ້ຖືກທົດສອບຫຼາຍຄັ້ງ. ການທົດສອບຄັ້ງທໍາອິດແມ່ນໄດ້ດໍາເນີນຢູ່Vientiane Capital ໃນເຂດຊົນນະບົດແລະຕົວເມືອງ. ການສອບຖາມສະບັບປັບປຸງໄດ້ຖືກທົດສອບໃນລະຫວ່າງການທົດສອບນັກບິນໃນພາກເຫນືອ, ພາກກາງແລະພາກໃຕ້ຂອງແຂວງໃນເດືອນທັນວາ 2014. ຮູບ ແບບ ຂອງ ການ ສອບ ຖາມ ຍັງ ໄດ້ ຖືກ ທົດ ສອບ ດ້ວຍ ການ ກວດ ສອບ ເພື່ອ ໃຫ້ ແນ່ ໃຈວ່ າ ການ ວາງ ລະ ຫັດ ແລະ ຄຸນ ນະ ພາບ ການ ພິມ ຂອງ ມັນ . ສະບັບທີ່ງ່າຍດາຍຂອງການສອບຖາມຫຼັກໄດ້ຖືກອອກແບບມາເພື່ອເກັບກໍາຂໍ້ມູນຈາກພົນລະເມືອງລາວທີ່ອາໄສຢູ່ໃນເຮືອ. </p> <p> <strong> ລາຍຊື່ຂອງຄົວເຮືອນ</strong></p><p><p>ກ່ອນຫນ້ການເຮັດນາPHC, ການດໍາເນີນລາຍການໃນຄົວເຮືອນໄດ້ດໍາເນີນແຕ່ເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ຫາ ເດືອນສິງຫາ 2014 ໂດຍພະນັກງານ Koum Ban1 ພາຍໃຕ້ການຄຸ້ມຄອງດູແລຂອງຫ້ອງການສະຖິຕິແຂວງ. ຈຸດປະສົງຫຼັກຂອງລາຍຊື່ໃນຄົວເຮືອນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະຫນອງຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ທັນສະໄຫມກ່ຽວກັບຈໍານວນຄົວເຮືອນໃນແຕ່ລະບ້ານ. ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ເກັບກໍາໃນລະຫວ່າງຂັ້ນຕອນນີ້ໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້ເພື່ອເປັນພື້ນຖານໃນການກໍານົດພື້ນທີ່enumeration ແລະຈໍານວນenumerators ທີ່ຈໍາເປັນສໍາລັບການດໍາເນີນການສໍາມະໂນຄົວຫຼັກ. </p> <p> <strong> ການ ເກັບ ກໍາ ຂໍ້ ມູນ</strong></p><p><p>ການ ເກັບ ກໍາ ຂໍ້ ມູນ PHCຕົວທີ່ ແທ້ ຈິງ ໄດ້ ດໍາ ເນີນ ໄປ ໃນ ໄລ ຍະ ເຈັດ ວັນ ນັບ ແຕ່ ວັນ ທີ 1-7 ມີ ນາ 2015 ທົ່ວ ປະ ເທດ. ການຈົດທະບຽນໄດ້ຖືກເຮັດໂດຍໃຊ້ຜູ້ຕອບສະຫນອງໃນຄົວເຮືອນແຕ່ລະຄົນ, ຄືຫົວຫນ້າຄອບຄົວຫຼືບຸກຄົນທີ່ສາມາດສະຫນອງຂໍ້ມູນກ່ຽວກັບສະມາຊິກໃນຄົວເຮືອນ. ຜູ້ ອອກ ກໍາ ລັງ ກາຍ ຄົນ ຫນຶ່ງ ແມ່ນ ແຕ່ ລະ ເຂດ ທີ່ ໄດ້ ຮັບ ການ ມອບ ຫມາຍ ໃຫ້ ມີ ເຂດ enumeration ຫນຶ່ງ ທີ່ ມີ ປະມານ 70 ຄອບ ຄົວ ໂດຍ ສະ ເລ່ຍ. ຜູ້ ດູແລ ຄົນ ຫນຶ່ງ ໄດ້ ຖືກ ມອບ ຫມາຍ ໃຫ້ ດູ ແລ ຜູ້ ເຂົ້າ ຮ່ວມ ສີ່ ຄົນ ຫລື ສີ່ ເຂດ enumeration. </p> <p> <strong> ການປະມວນຜົນຂໍ້ມູນ</strong></p><p>ດັ່ງທີ່ເປັນກໍລະນີຂອງທີ່ມີ PHC ປີ 2005, ເທັກໂນໂລຢີການກວດສອບໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້ເພື່ອຈັບຂໍ້ມູນ PHC 2015 ແລະປ່ຽນເປັນຮູບແບບດິຈິຕອນ. ລະບົບການແປຂໍ້ມູນແມ່ນມີສ່ວນຮ່ວມໃນຫຼາຍຂັ້ນຕອນ, ລວມທັງການກະກຽມເອກະສານ, ການກວດສອບແລະການກວດສອບຂໍ້ມູນແລະການແກ້ໄຂ. </p> <p> ການ ຈັບ ຂໍ້ ມູນ ໄດ້ ດໍາ ເນີນ ໄປ ແຕ່ ເດືອນ ພຶດສະພາ ຫາ ເດືອນ ສິງຫາ ປີ 2015. ພະນັກງານການແປຂໍ້ມູນໄດ້ຮັບການຝຶກອົບຮົມກ່ອນແລະເພື່ອສໍາເລັດຂັ້ນຕອນການຈັບຂໍ້ມູນຢ່າງຕັ້ງຫນ້າຕາມເວລາ, ອາສາສະຫມັກ 35 ຄົນໄດ້ຖືກຈ້າງເພື່ອສະຫນັບສະຫນູນການປ່ຽນວຽກສອງຄັ້ງຕໍ່ມື້. </p> <p> ຫຼັງຈາກສໍາເລັດຂັ້ນຕອນການກວດສອບ, ຖານຂໍ້ມູນສໍາລັບການແປຂໍ້ມູນເພີ່ມເຕີມໄດ້ຖືກສ້າງຂຶ້ນ. ໂຄງການແກ້ໄຂໄດ້ຖືກພັດທະນາເພື່ອທໍາຄວາມສະອາດແລະແກ້ໄຂຂໍ້ມູນ. CSPro, ຊອບແວລວມທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບການພັດທະນາສໍາລັບການເຂົ້າຂໍ້ມູນ, ການແກ້ໄຂ, ການຢັ້ງຢືນແລະ tabulation, ໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້ສໍາລັບການແປຮູບຂໍ້ມູນລວມທັງການtabulation. </p>