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<p>Tuberculosis (TB) incidence is defined as the estimated number of new and relapse TB cases (all forms of TB, including cases in people living with HIV) arising in a given year. It is usually expressed as a rate per 100 000 population.</p>
<h3>Concepts:</h3>
<p>Direct measurement requires high-quality surveillance systems in which underreporting is negligible, and strong health systems so that under-diagnosis is also negligible; otherwise, indirect estimates are produced, using either a) notification data combined with estimates of levels of underreporting and under-diagnosis, b) inventory studies combined with capture-recapture modelling, c) population-based surveys of the prevalence of TB disease or d) dynamic models fitted to monthly/quarterly notification data. Dynamic models are only used for selected countries in which major drops in TB case notifications compared with pre-2020 trends suggest major reductions in access to TB diagnosis and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
<p>L'incidence de la tuberculose pour 100 000 habitants est définie comme le nombre estimé de nouveaux cas et de rechutes de tuberculose (toutes les formes de tuberculose, y compris les cas chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH) survenant au cours d'une année donnée, exprimé en taux pour 100 000 habitants. </p>
<p><strong>Concepts :</strong> </p>
<p>La mesure directe nécessite des systèmes de surveillance de haute qualité dans lesquels la sous-déclaration est négligeable, et des systèmes de santé solides de sorte que le sous-diagnostic soit également négligeable; sinon, les estimations indirectes sont basées sur les données de notification et les estimations des niveaux de sous-déclaration et de sous-diagnostic.</p>