Translation components API.

See the Weblate's Web API documentation for detailed description of the API.

GET /api/translations/debian-handbook/04_installation/ru/units/?format=api&page=5
HTTP 200 OK
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                "These concepts are discussed in greater detail in <xref linkend=\"packaging-system\" />."
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                "Эти концепции обсуждаются более подробно в <xref linkend=\"packaging-system\" />."
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            "source": [
                "If the computer is already running Windows, it is not necessary to delete the system in order to install Debian. You can have both systems at once, each installed on a separate disk or partition, and choose which to start when booting the computer. This configuration is often called “dual boot”, and the Debian installation system can set it up. This is done during the hard drive partitioning stage of installation and while setting up the bootloader (see the sidebars <xref linkend=\"sidebar.shrinking-partition\" /> and <xref linkend=\"sidebar.bootloader-dual-boot\" />)."
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                "Если на компьютере уже присутствует Windows, нет необходимости удалять её для установки Debian. Вы можете иметь обе системы одновременно, каждая будет установлена на отдельный диск или раздел, а при загрузке компьютера можно будет выбрать для запуска любую из установленных систем. Эту конфигурацию часто называют «двойной загрузкой», и система установки Debian может настроить её. Это делается во время разметки жесткого диска на стадии установки и во время настройки загрузчика (см. <xref linkend=\"sidebar.shrinking-partition\" /> и <xref linkend=\"sidebar.bootloader-dual-boot\" />)."
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                "The “expert” mode (accessible in the “Advanced options” menu) details all possible options in the process of installation, and allows navigation between the various steps without them happening automatically in sequence. Be careful, this very verbose mode can be confusing due to the multitude of configuration choices that it offers."
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                "When selecting free space on a disk, you can manually create a new partition. You can also do this with guided partitioning, which is an interesting solution for a disk that already contains another operating system, but which you may wish to partition for Linux in a standard manner. See <xref linkend=\"sect.install-autopartman-mode\" /> for more details on guided partitioning."
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                "При выборе свободного места на диске, вы можете вручную создать новый раздел. Вы можете также сделать это в режиме автоматической разметки, которая представляет собой интересное решение для случаев, когда диск содержит другую операционную систему, но вам нужен раздел для Linux в стандартном виде. Подробное описание автоматической разметки смотри в <xref linkend=\"sect.install-autopartman-mode\" />."
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                "you can also choose not to use it, and therefore leave it unchanged."
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                "вы можете также выбрать, чтобы он не использовался, и оставить его без изменений."
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                "You must then choose “Configure software RAID” in the partitioning tool to combine these two partitions into a new virtual disk and select “Create MD device” in the configuration screen. You then need to answer a series of questions about this new device. The first question asks about the RAID level to use, which in our case will be “RAID1”. The second question asks about the number of active devices — two in our case, which is the number of partitions that need to be included in this MD device. The third question is about the number of spare devices — 0; we have not planned any additional disk to take over for a possible defective disk. The last question requires you to choose the partitions for the RAID device — these would be the two that we have set aside for this purpose (make sure you only select the partitions that explicitly mention “raid”)."
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                "Затем вы должны выбрать “Настройка программного RAID” в инструменте разметки для объединения этих двух разделов в новый виртуальный диск и “Создать MD устройство” на экране конфигурации. Затем вам нужно ответить на серию вопросов о новом устройстве. Первый вопрос о используемом уровне RAID, в нашем случае это будет “RAID1”. Второй вопрос о количестве активных устройств (это разделы, которые необходимо включить в это MD устройство) - два в нашем случае. Третий вопрос о количестве запасных устройств — 0; мы не планировали никаких дополнительных дисков, для подмены неисправного диска. Последний вопрос требует выбрать разделы для устройства RAID — это будут те два раздела, что мы выделили для этой цели (убедитесь в том, что вы выбрали только те разделы, которые явно ссылаются на “raid”)."
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                "To create an encrypted partition, you must first assign an available partition for this purpose. To do so, select a partition and indicate that it is to be used as a “physical volume for encryption”. After partitioning the disk containing the physical volume to be made, choose “Configure encrypted volumes”. The software will then propose to initialize the physical volume with random data (making the localization of the real data more difficult), and will ask you to enter an “encryption passphrase”, which you will have to enter every time you boot your computer in order to access the content of the encrypted partition. Once this step has been completed, and you have returned to the partitioning tool menu, a new partition will be available in an “encrypted volume”, which you can then configure just like any other partition. In most cases, this partition is used as a physical volume for LVM so as to protect several partitions (LVM logical volumes) with the same encryption key, including the swap partition (see sidebar <xref linkend=\"sidebar.encrypted-swap-partition\" />)."
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                "Для создания шифрованного раздела необходимо сначала назначить доступный для этой цели раздел. Для этого выберите раздел и укажите, что он будет использоваться в качестве \"физического тома для шифрования\". После разметки диска, содержащего физические тома для создания, выбирите \"Настроить шифрование для томов\". Программное обеспечение будет предлагать инициализировать физический том со случайными данными (создание локализации реальных данных является более сложным), и попросит ввести “ключевую фразу”, которую придется вводить каждый раз при загрузке компьютера, чтобы получить доступ к содержимому зашифрованных разделов. После того, как этот шаг будет завершен, и Вы вернетесь к меню инструмента разметки, новый раздел будет доступен как “шифрованный раздел”, который затем может быть настроен так же как и любой другой раздел. В большинстве случаев этот раздел используется как физический том для LVM  чтобы защитить несколько разделов (логических томом LVM) с одним и тем же ключом шифрования, включая раздел подкачки (смотри на боковой панеле <xref linkend=\"sidebar.encrypted-swap-partition\" />)."
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                "If you activated the task “Debian desktop environment” without any explicit desktop choice (or with the “GNOME” choice), the computer will display the <command>gdm3</command> login manager."
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                "Если вы активировали задачу “Окружение рабочего стола Debian” без явного выбора рабочего стола (или выбрали “GNOME”), компьютер отобразит менеджер входа в систему <command>gdm3</command>."
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            "source": [
                "The installed packages correspond to the profiles selected during installation, but not necessarily to the use that will actually be made of the machine. As such, you might want to use a package management tool to refine the selection of installed packages. The two most frequently used tools (which are installed if the “Debian desktop environment” profile was chosen) are <command>apt</command> (accessible from the command line) and <command>synaptic</command> (“Synaptic Package Manager” in the menus)."
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                "Установленные пакеты соответствуют профилям, выбранным в процессе установки, но, будучи выбранными машиной, не обязательны к использованию. Таким образом, вы можете захотеть использовать инструмент управления пакетами для уточнения выбора установленных пакетов. Два наиболее часто используемых инструмента  (которые устанавиваются, если выбран профиль “Окружение рабочего стола Debian”): <command>apt</command> (доступен из коммандной строки) и <command>synaptic</command> (“Менеджер Пакетов Synaptic” в меню)."
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                "<emphasis>IN PRACTICE</emphasis> Shrinking a Windows partition"
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                "Some CD/DVD-ROM images can work on several architectures. We thus have a CD-ROM image combining the <emphasis>netinst</emphasis> images of the <emphasis>i386</emphasis> and <emphasis>amd64</emphasis> architectures."
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                "All the details of this method are available in the installation guide (“Preparing files for TFTP Net Booting” section). <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch05s01#boot-tftp-x86\" /> <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch04s05\" />"
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                "When we have to deploy customized installations for a large number of computers, we generally choose an automated rather than a manual installation method. Depending on the situation and the complexity of the installations to be made, we can use FAI (Fully Automatic Installer, described in <xref linkend=\"sect.fai\" />), or even a customized installation DVD with preseeding (see <xref linkend=\"sect.d-i-preseeding\" />)."
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                "For a standard installation, you only need to choose “Install” or “Graphical install” (with the arrow keys), then press the <keycap>Enter</keycap> key to initiate the remainder of the installation process. If the DVD-ROM is a “Multi-arch” disk, and the machine has an Intel or AMD 64-bit processor, those menu options enable the installation of the 64-bit variant (<emphasis>amd64</emphasis>) and the installation of the 32-bit variant remains available in a dedicated sub-menu (“32-bit install options”). If you have a 32-bit processor, you don't get a choice and the menu entries install the 32-bit variant (<emphasis>i386</emphasis>)."
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                "The installer can work with the vast majority of drives, especially standard ATAPI peripherals (sometimes called IDE and EIDE). However, if detection of the CD-ROM reader fails, the installer offers the choice to load a kernel module (for instance, from a USB key) corresponding to the CD-ROM driver."
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            "source": [
                "The root user's password should be long (12 characters or more) and impossible to guess. Indeed, any computer (and a fortiori any server) connected to the Internet is regularly targeted by automated connection attempts with the most obvious passwords. Sometimes it may even be subject to dictionary attacks, in which many combinations of words and numbers are tested as password. Avoid using the names of children or parents, dates of birth, etc.: many of your co-workers might know them, and you rarely want to give them free access to the computer in question."
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                "The second method, “Separate <filename>/home</filename> partition”, is similar, but splits the file hierarchy in two: one partition contains the Linux system (<filename>/</filename>), and the second contains “home directories” (meaning user data, in files and subdirectories available under <filename>/home/</filename>)."
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                "A filesystem defines the way in which data is organized on the hard drive. Each existing filesystem has its merits and limitations. Some are more robust, others more effective: if you know your needs well, choosing the most appropriate filesystem is possible. Various comparisons have already been made; it seems that <emphasis>ReiserFS</emphasis> is particularly efficient for reading many small files; <emphasis>XFS</emphasis>, in turn, works faster with large files. <emphasis>Ext4</emphasis>, the default filesystem for Debian, is a good compromise, based on the three previous versions of filesystems historically used in Linux (<emphasis>ext</emphasis>, <emphasis>ext2</emphasis> and <emphasis>ext3</emphasis>). <emphasis>Ext4</emphasis> overcomes certain limitations of <emphasis>ext3</emphasis> and is particularly appropriate for very large capacity hard drives. Another option would be to experiment with the very promising <emphasis>btrfs</emphasis>, which includes numerous features that require, to this day, the use of LVM and/or RAID."
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                "Файловая система определяет способ организации данных на жёстком диске. Каждая существующая файловая система имеет свои достоинства и ограничения. Некоторые являются более надежными, другие - более эффективными: если вы хорошо знаете ваши потребности, возможен выбор наиболее подходящей файловой системы. Различные сравнения уже были произведены: <emphasis>ReiserFS</emphasis> особенно эффективен при чтении множества маленьких файлов; <emphasis>XFS</emphasis>, в свою очередь, работает быстрее с большими файлами. <emphasis>Ext4</emphasis> - файловая система по умолчанию для Debian, это хороший компромисс, основанный на трёх предшествующих версиях исторически использующихся в Linux файловых систем (<emphasis>ext</emphasis>, <emphasis>ext2</emphasis> и <emphasis>ext3</emphasis>). <emphasis>Ext4</emphasis> преодолевает некоторые ограничения <emphasis>ext3</emphasis> и особенно хорошо подходит для жёстких дисков очень большого объёма. Другим вариантом было бы поэкспериментировать с очень перспективной файловой системой <emphasis>btrfs</emphasis>, которая включает многочисленные функции, требующие, по сей день, использовать LVM и/или RAID."
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                "The Debian installer allows this operation when using the manual mode for partitioning. You only need to choose the Windows partition and enter its new size (this works the same with both unencrypted FAT and NTFS partitions)."
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                "When an encrypted partition is used, the encryption key is stored in memory (RAM). Since retrieving this key allows the decryption of the data, it is of utmost importance to avoid leaving a copy of this key that would be accessible to the possible thief of the computer or hard drive, or to a maintenance technician. This is, however, something that can easily occur with a laptop, since when hibernating the contents of RAM is stored on the swap partition. If this partition isn't encrypted, the thief may access the key and use it to decrypt the data from the encrypted partitions. This is why, when you use encrypted partitions, it is imperative to also encrypt the swap partition!"
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                "При использовании зашифрованного раздела, ключ шифрования хранится в памяти (RAM). Поскольку получение этого ключа позволяет расшифровать данные, крайне важно не оставлять копий этого ключа доступными возможному вору компьютера или жёсткого диска, или специалисту технической поддержки. Однако, это может легко произойти с ноутбуком, так как во время гибернации содержимое оперативной памяти (RAM) хранится в разделе подкачки. Если этот раздел не зашифрован, вор может получить ключ и использовать его для расшифровки данных из зашифрованных разделов. Вот почему, когда вы используете шифрованные разделы, крайне важно также шифровать раздел подкачки!"
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            "source": [
                "The files <filename>Packages.xz</filename> and <filename>Sources.xz</filename> are then automatically downloaded to update the list of packages recognized by APT."
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            "source": [
                "Some packages are also automatically installed according to the hardware detected (thanks to the program <command>discover-pkginstall</command> from the <emphasis role=\"pkg\">discover</emphasis> package)."
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                "Некоторые пакеты также будут автоматически установлены в соответствии с обнаруженным аппаратным обеспечением (благодаря программе <command>discover-pkginstall</command> из пакета <emphasis role=\"pkg\">discover</emphasis>)."
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            "source": [
                "In particular, if you install (or reinstall) Windows thereafter, the bootloader will be erased. Debian will still be on the hard drive, but will no longer be accessible from the boot menu (except for Windows 10, where it will still be accessible through the Windows recovery console). You would then have to boot the Debian installation system in <userinput>rescue</userinput> mode to set up a less exclusive bootloader. This operation is described in detail in the installation manual. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch08s06\" />"
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            "target": [
                "В частности, при установке (или переустановке) Windows, загрузчик будет стерт. Debian все еще будет находится на жёстком диске, но больше не будет доступен в меню загрузки (исключение для Windows 10, где он будет доступен через консоль восстановления Windows). Нужно будет загрузить систему установки Debian в режиме <userinput>восстановления</userinput>, чтобы установить менее эксклюзивный загрузчик. Эта операция подробно описана в инструкции по установке. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch08s06\" />"
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            "source": [
                "It is worth noting that GRUB is not a single bootloader, it is more like a collection of bootloaders suited for different cases. The numerous binary packages built out of the GRUB source package reflect that: <emphasis role=\"pkg\">grub-efi-amd64</emphasis> is for 64-bit PC booting in UEFI mode, <emphasis role=\"pkg\">grub-efi-ia32</emphasis> is for 32-bit PC booting in UEFI mode, <emphasis role=\"pkg\">grub-pc</emphasis> is for PC booting in BIOS mode, <emphasis>grub-uboot</emphasis> for ARM computers, etc."
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                "GRUB не является просто загрузчиком, это скорее коллекция загрузчиков подходящих под различные ситуации. Бинарные пакеты составляющие GRUB отражают следующее: <emphasis role=\"pkg\">grub-efi-amd64</emphasis> для 64-битных загрузок в режиме UEFI, <emphasis role=\"pkg\">grub-efi-ia32</emphasis> для 32-битных загрузок в режиме UEFI, <emphasis role=\"pkg\">grub-pc</emphasis> для загрузки в режиме BIOS, <emphasis>grub-uboot</emphasis> для ARM и т.д."
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                "<emphasis>CULTURE</emphasis> Secure Boot and the shim bootloader"
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                "<emphasis>КУЛЬТУРА</emphasis> Защищенная загрузка и загрузчик"
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            "source": [
                "Down the stack, GRUB will do a similar check with the kernel, and then the kernel might also check signatures on modules that get loaded. The kernel might also forbid some operations that could alter the integrity of the system."
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                "Спускаясь ниже, GRUB делает похожую проверку с ядром, и затем ядро может также проверить подпись модулей, которые загружает. Ядро также может запретить некоторые операции которые могут влиять не целостность системы."
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            "source": [
                "A first <command>apt upgrade</command> (a command used to automatically update installed programs) is generally required, especially for possible security updates issued since the release of the latest Debian stable version. These updates may involve some additional questions through <command>debconf</command>, the standard Debian configuration tool. For further information on these updates conducted by <command>apt</command>, please refer to <xref linkend=\"sect.apt-upgrade\" />."
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                "Как правило <command>apt upgrade</command> (команда, используемая для автоматического обновления установленных программ) требуется для возможных обновлений безопасности, выпущенных с момента выхода последней стабильной версии Debian. Эти обновления могут включать в себя некоторые дополнительные вопросы через <command>debconf</command>, стандартный инструмент конфигурирования Debian. Для получения более подробной информации об этих обновлениях, проводимых <command>apt</command>, обратитесь к <xref linkend=\"sect.apt-upgrade\" />."
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        {
            "translation": "https://hosted.weblate.org/api/translations/debian-handbook/04_installation/ru/?format=api",
            "source": [
                "The installer for <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Bullseye</emphasis> is based on <command>debian-installer</command>. Its modular design enables it to work in various scenarios and allows it to evolve and adapt to changes. Despite the limitations implied by the need to support a large number of architectures, this installer is very accessible to beginners, since it assists users at each stage of the process. Automatic hardware detection, guided partitioning, and graphical user interfaces have solved most of the problems that novices used to face in the early years of Debian."
            ],
            "previous_source": "The installer for <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Buster</emphasis> is based on <command>debian-installer</command>. Its modular design enables it to work in various scenarios and allows it to evolve and adapt to changes. Despite the limitations implied by the need to support a large number of architectures, this installer is very accessible to beginners, since it assists users at each stage of the process. Automatic hardware detection, guided partitioning, and graphical user interfaces have solved most of the problems that newbies used to face in the early years of Debian.",
            "target": [
                "Инсталлятор для <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Buster</emphasis> основан на <command>debian-installer</command>. Модульная конструкция позволяет ему работать по разным сценариям, развиваться и адаптироваться к изменениям. Несмотря на ограничения, налагаемые необходимостью поддержки большого количества архитектур, этот установщик доступен для начинающих, так как он помогает пользователям на каждом этапе процесса установки. Автоматическое обнаружение оборудования, направляемая разметка жесткого диска и графический интерфейс пользователя решили большинство проблем, с которыми новички сталкивались в первые годы Debian."
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            "source": [
                "Installation requires 256 MB of RAM (Random Access Memory) and at least 2 GB of hard drive space. All Falcot computers meet these criteria. Note, however, that these figures apply to the installation of a very limited system without a graphical desktop. A minimum of 2 GB of RAM and 10 GB of hard drive space are really recommended for a basic office desktop workstation."
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            "previous_source": "Installation requires 128 MB of RAM (Random Access Memory) and at least 2 GB of hard drive space. All Falcot computers meet these criteria. Note, however, that these figures apply to the installation of a very limited system without a graphical desktop. A minimum of 1 GB of RAM and 10 GB of hard drive space are really recommended for a basic office desktop workstation.",
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                "Установка требует 128 МБ ОЗУ и как минимум 2 ГБ дискового пространства. Все компьютеры в Falcot соответствуют этим критериям. Примите к сведению что данные цифры касаются установки ограниченной системы, без графической оболочки. Для офисных рабочих станций рекомендуется минимум 1 ГБ ОЗУ и 10 ГБ места на жестком диске."
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                "If you already have Debian <emphasis role=\"distribution\">Bullseye</emphasis> installed on your computer, this chapter is not for you! Unlike other distributions, Debian allows updating a system from one version to the next without having to reinstall the system. Reinstalling, in addition to being unnecessary, could even be dangerous, since it could remove already installed programs."
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            "source": [
                "Various CD-ROM families have different purposes: <emphasis>netinst</emphasis> (network installation) contains the installer and the base Debian system; all other programs are then downloaded. Its “image”, that is the ISO-9660 filesystem that contains the exact contents of the disk, only takes up about 150 to 280 MB (depending on the architecture). On the other hand, the complete set offers all packages and allows for installation on a computer that has no Internet access; it requires around 19 DVD-ROMs (or 4 Blu-ray disks). There is no more official CD-ROMs set as they were really huge, rarely used and now most of the computers use DVD-ROMs as well as CD-ROMs. But the programs are divided among the disks according to their popularity and importance; the first disk will be sufficient for most installations, since it contains the most used software."
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            "previous_source": "Various CD-ROM families have different purposes: <emphasis>netinst</emphasis> (network installation) contains the installer and the base Debian system; all other programs are then downloaded. Its “image”, that is the ISO-9660 filesystem that contains the exact contents of the disk, only takes up about 150 to 280 MB (depending on architecture). On the other hand, the complete set offers all packages and allows for installation on a computer that has no Internet access; it requires around 16 DVD-ROMs (or 4 Blu-ray disks). There is no more official CD-ROMs set as they were really huge, rarely used and now most of the computers use DVD-ROMs as well as CD-ROMs. But the programs are divided among the disks according to their popularity and importance; the first disk will be sufficient for most installations, since it contains the most used software.",
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                "Различные семейства CD-ROM имеют разные цели: <emphasis>netinst</emphasis> (сетевая установка) содержит установщик и базовую систему Debian, после установки другие программы могут быть загружены из Интернета и установлены. Его «образ» имеет файловую систему ISO-9660, которая содержит точное содержимое диска, занимает всего лишь 150-280 МБ (в зависимости от архитектуры). С другой стороны полный набор содержит все пакеты разом и делает возможной установку на компьютер, не имеющий доступа в Интернет. Полный набор требует около 16 DVD-ROM (или 4 Blu-ray диска). Больше нет официальных CD-ROM дисков так как их количество становится действительно огромным, редко используемым, в то время как большинство компьютеров имеют DVD-ROM наравне с CD-ROM. Программы разделены между дисками согласно их популярности и важности, первых диск будет достаточно для большинства установок, так как он содержит наиболее часто используемое программное обеспечение."
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                "To acquire Debian CD-ROM images, you may, of course, download them and burn them to disk. You may also purchase them, and, thus, provide the project with a little financial support. Check the website to see the list of DVD-ROM image vendors and download sites. <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"https://www.debian.org/CD/\" />"
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                "You must first identify the device name of the USB key (ex: <literal>/dev/sdb</literal>); the simplest means to do this is to check the messages issued by the kernel using the <command>dmesg</command> command. Then you must copy the previously downloaded ISO image (for example, debian-11.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso) with the command <command>cat debian-11.0.0-amd64-netinst.iso &gt;/dev/sdb; sync</command>. This command requires administrator rights, since it accesses the USB key directly and blindly erases its content."
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                "A more detailed explanation is available in the installation manual. Among other things, it describes an alternative method of preparing a USB key that is more complex, but that allows you to customize the installer's default options (those set in the kernel command line). <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch04s03\" />"
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            "previous_source": "A more detailed explanation is available in the installation manual. Among other things, it describes an alternative method of preparing a USB key that is more complex, but that allows to customize the installer's default options (those set in the kernel command line). <ulink type=\"block\" url=\"https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/ch04s03\" />",
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