2. SDG Metadata
3. 5-5-2
4. English

<ul>
<li>ILOSTAT database: <a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/resources/methods/description-employment-by-occupation/">https://ilostat.ilo.org</a> </li>
<li>Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators <a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm">https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm</a></li>
<li>Decent work indicators - ILO Manual: <a href="http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---integration/documents/publication/wcms_229374.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---integration/documents/publication/wcms_229374.pdf</a> </li>
<li>ISCO-08: <a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/">http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/</a> </li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, adopted by the 19^th ICLS: <a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf</a></li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of the economically active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment, adopted by the 13^th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (October 1982), available at <a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf</a></li>
<li>Quick guide to understanding the impact of the new statistical standards on ILOSTAT databases, available at https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_854830.pdf</li>
</ul>

<ul>
<li>ILOSTAT database: <a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/resources/methods/description-employment-by-occupation/">https://ilostat.ilo.org</a> </li>
<li>Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators <a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm">https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm</a></li>
<li>Decent work indicators - ILO Manual: <a href="http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---integration/documents/publication/wcms_229374.pdf">http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---integration/documents/publication/wcms_229374.pdf</a> </li>
<li>ISCO-08: <a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/">http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/</a> </li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization, adopted by the 19^th ICLS: <a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf</a></li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of the economically active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment, adopted by the 13^th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (October 1982), available at <a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf</a></li>
<li>Quick guide to understanding the impact of the new statistical standards on ILOSTAT databases, available at https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/publication/wcms_854830.pdf</li>
</ul>

<p>Through the ILO Harmonized Microdata initiative, the ILO strives to produce internationally comparable labour statistics based on the indicator concepts and definitions adopted by the ICLS.</p>
<p>Work statistics for countries not using the same set of statistical standards are not comparable. As such, each series is based on a single set of standards (i.e., 13^th or 19^th ICLS) and contains only data comparable within and across countries, allowing data users to continue making meaningful time series analysis and international comparisons. Users should not compare data across series. </p>

<p>Through the ILO Harmonized Microdata initiative, the ILO strives to produce internationally comparable labour statistics based on the indicator concepts and definitions adopted by the International Conference of Labour StatisticianCLS.</p>
<p>Work statistics for countries not using the same set of statistical standards are not comparable. As such, each series is based on a single set of standards (i.e., 13^th or 19^th ICLS) and contains only data comparable within and across countries, allowing data users to continue making meaningful time series analysis and international comparisons. Users should not compare data across series. </p>

<p><strong>Data availability: </strong></p>
<p>Data on proportion of women in managerial positions is available for 189 countries and territories in the 13^th ICLS series and 107 countries and territories in the 19^th ICLS series.</p>
<p>Data on women in senior and middle management positions is available for 139 countries and territories in the 13^th ICLS series and 80 countries and territories in the 19^th ICLS series. </p>
<p><strong>Time series:</strong></p>
<p>Data for this indicator is available as of 2000 in the SDG Indicators Global Database, but time series going back several decades are available in ILOSTAT.</p>
<p>Global and regional data on proportion of women in managerial positions are available from 2000 to 2021.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>This indicator requires no disaggregation per se, although employment statistics by both sex and occupation are needed to calculate it. If statistics are available and the sample size permits, it may be of interest to cross-tabulate this indicator by economic activity (ISIC) or disaggregate further to observe the share of women across more detailed occupational groups.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability: </strong></p>
<p>Data on proportion of women in managerial positions is available for 188 countries and territories. 9 countries and territories in the 13^th ICLS series and 107 countries and territories in the 19^th ICLS series.</p>
<p>Data on women in senior and middle management positions is available for 1349 countries and territories. in the 13^th ICLS series and 80 countries and territories in the 19^th ICLS series. </p>
<p><strong>Time series:</strong></p>
<p>Data for this indicator is available as of 2000 in the SDG Indicators Global Database, but time series going back several decades are available in ILOSTAT.</p>
<p>Global and regional data on proportion of women in managerial positions are available from 2000 to 20201.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>This indicator requires no disaggregation per se, although employment statistics by both sex and occupation are needed to calculate it. If statistics are available and the sample size permits, it may be of interest to cross-tabulate this indicator by economic activity (ISIC) or disaggregate further to observe the share of women across more detailed occupational groups.</p>

<p>The final assessment of the quality of information is carried out by the Data Production and Analysis Unit of the ILO Department of Statistics. In cases of doubt about the quality of specific data, these values are reviewed with the participation of the national agencies responsible for producing the data if appropriate. If the issues cannot be clarified, the respective information is not published. </p>

<p>The final assessment of the quality of information is carried out by the Data Production and Analysis Unit of the ILO Department of DepartmentStatistics. In cases of doubt about the quality of specific data, these values are reviewed with the participation of the national agencies responsible for producing the data if appropriate. If the issues cannot be clarified, the respective information is not published. </p>

<p>In order to calculate this indicator, data on employment by sex and occupation is needed, using at least the 2-digit level of the ISCO. This data are collected at the national level mainly through labour force surveys (or other types of household surveys with an employment module). For the methodology of each national household survey, one must refer to the most comprehensive survey report or to the methodological publications of the national statistical office in question.</p>
<ul>
<li>ILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators ( <a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm">https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm</a>)</li>
<li>ILO Manual &#x2013; Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions &#x2013; Chapter 8, Equal opportunity and treatment in employment <a href="http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm">http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm</a> (second version, page 146)</li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization <a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf</a></li>
<li>International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08) <a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/">http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/</a> </li>
<li>ILOSTAT Database (<a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/">https://ilostat.ilo.org/</a>)</li>
</ul>

<p>In order to calculate this indicator, data on employment by sex and occupation is needed, using at least the 2-digit level of the ISCO. This data are collected at the national level mainly through labour force surveys (or other types of household surveys with an employment module). For the methodology of each national household survey, one must refer to the most comprehensive survey report or to the methodological publications of the national statistical office in question.</p>
<ul>
<li>ILO Guidebook - Decent Work and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guidebook on SDG Labour Market Indicators ( <a href="https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm">https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/publications/WCMS_647109/lang--en/index.htm</a>)</li>
<li>ILO Manual &#x2013; Decent Work Indicators, Concepts and Definitions &#x2013; Chapter 8, Equal opportunity and treatment in employment <a href="http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm">http://www.ilo.org/integration/resources/pubs/WCMS_229374/lang--en/index.htm</a> (second version, page 146)</li>
<li>Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization <a href="https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf">https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/normativeinstrument/wcms_230304.pdf</a></li>
<li>International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008 (ISCO-08) <a href="http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/">http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/</a> </li>
<li>ILOSTAT Database (<a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/">https://ilostat.ilo.org/</a>)</li>
<li>ILOSTAT&#x2013; Indicator Descriptions (Employment by occupation, at: <a href="https://ilostat.ilo.org/resources/concepts-and-definitions/description-employment-by-occupation/">https://ilostat.ilo.org/resources/concepts-and-definitions/description-employment-by-occupation/</a></li>
</ul>

<p>The aggregates are derived from the ILO modelled estimates that are used to produce global and regional estimates of, amongst others, employment by occupation and gender, with employment based on the 13^th ICLS standards. These models use multivariate regression and cross-validation techniques to impute missing values at the country level, which are then aggregated to produce regional and global estimates. The regional and global proportions of women in managerial positions are obtained by first adding up, across countries, the numerator and denominator of the formula that defines the proportion of women in managerial positions - outlined above. Once both magnitudes are produced at the desired level of aggregation, the ratio between the two is used to compute the rate for each regional grouping and the global level. Notice that this direct aggregation method can be used due to the imputation of missing observations. For further information on the estimates, please refer to the ILO modelled estimates methodological overview, available at https://www.ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/TEM.pdf.</p>

<p>The aggregates are derived from the ILO modelled estimates that are used to produce global and regional estimates of, amongst others, employment by occupation and gender, with employment based on the 13^th ICLS standards. These models use multivariate regression and cross-validation techniques to impute missing values at the country level, which are then aggregated to produce regional and global estimates. The regional and global proportions of women in managerial positions are obtained by first adding up, across countries, the numerator and denominator of the formula that defines the proportion of women in managerial positions - outlined above. Once both magnitudes are produced at the desired level of aggregation, the ratio between the two is used to compute the rate for each regional grouping and the global level. Notice that this direct aggregation method can be used due to the imputation of missing observations. For further information on the estimates, please refer to the ILO modelled estimates methodological overview, available at https://www.ilo.org/ilostat-files/Documents/TEM.pdf.</p>

<p>The ILO engages in annual consultations with Member States through the ILOSTAT questionnaire and related Statistics Reporting System (StaRS). National data providers receive a link to the portal where they can review all national SDG data available on ILOSTAT.</p>

<p>The ILO engages in annual consultations with mMember States through the ILOSTAT questionnaire and related Statistics Reporting System (StaRS). National data providers receive a link to the portal where they can review all national SDG data available on ILOSTAT.</p>

<p>The ILO is the UN focal point for labour statistics. It sets international standards for labour statistics through the International Conference of Labour Statisticians. It also compiles and produces labour statistics with the goal of disseminating internationally-comparable datasets, and provides technical assistance and training to ILO Member States to support their efforts to produce high quality labour market data.</p>

<p>The ILO is the UN focal point for labour statistics. It sets international standards for labour statistics through the International Conference of Labour Statisticians. It also compiles and produces labour statistics with the goal of disseminating internationally-comparable datasets, and provides technical assistance and training to ILO mMember States to support their efforts to produce high quality labour market data.</p>

<p>The ILO Department of Statistics processes national household survey microdata in line with internationally agreed indicator concepts and definitions set forth by the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). For data that could not be obtained through this processing or directly from government websites, the ILO sends out an annual ILOSTAT questionnaire to all relevant agencies within each country (national statistical office (NSO), labour ministry, etc.) requesting the latest annual data and any revisions on numerous labour market topics and indicators, including many SDG indicators.</p>

<p>The ILO Department of Statistics processes national household survey microdatasets in line with internationally- agreed indicator concepts and definitions set forth by the International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). For data that could not be obtained through this processing or directly from government websites, the ILO sends out an annual ILOSTAT questionnaire to all relevant agencies within each country (national statistical office (NSO), labour ministry, etc.) requesting the latest annual data and any revisions on numerous labour market topics and indicators, including many SDG indicators.</p>