2. SDG Metadata
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<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p>https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/; <a href="https://www.unfpaopendata.org/libraries/aspx/Home.aspx">https://www.unfpaopendata.org/libraries/aspx/Home.aspx</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/events/EGM-on-the-evaluation-of-adolescent-fertility-data-estimates-for-SDG-reporting"><u>Expert group meeting on the evaluation of adolescent fertility data and estimates | Population Division (un.org)</u></a></p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects 2022: Methodology of the United Nations population estimates and projections. UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO. 4. <a href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Methodology.pdf">World Population Prospects 2022: Methodology of the United Nations population estimates and projections</a> </p>
<p>United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects 2022. <a href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/">http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/</a></p>
<p>Handbook on the Collection of Fertility and Mortality Data, United Nations Publication (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/92), (<a href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/standmeth/handbooks/Handbook_Fertility_Mortality.pdf">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/standmeth/handbooks/Handbook_Fertility_Mortality.pdf</a>)</p>
<p>Manual X: Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.83.XIII.2. (<a href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf">https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf</a>)</p>
<p>Indicator and Monitoring Framework for the Global Strategy for Women&#x2019;s, Children&#x2019;s and Adolescents&#x2019; Health (2016-2030), (<a href="https://www.who.int/life-course/publications/gs-Indicator-and-monitoring-framework.pdf">https://www.who.int/life-course/publications/gs-Indicator-and-monitoring-framework.pdf</a>)</p>

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p>https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/; <a href="https://www.unfpaopendata.org/libraries/aspx/Home.aspx">https://www.unfpaopendata.org/libraries/aspx/Home.aspx</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/events/EGM-on-the-evaluation-of-adolescent-fertility-data-estimates-for-SDG-reporting"><u>Expert group meeting on the evaluation of adolescent fertility data and estimates | Population Division (un.org)</u></a></p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Fertility Data 2019. POP/DB/Fert/Rev2019. Available at: <a href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/fertility/wfd2019.asp">https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/fertility/wfd2019.asp</a> </p>
<p>United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (201922). World Population Prospects 201922: Methodology of the United Nations population estimates and projections (ST/ESA/SER.A/425). UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO. 4. <a href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP201922_Methodology.pdf">https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2019_Methodology.pdfWorld Population Prospects 2022: Methodology of the United Nations population estimates and projections</a> </p>
<p>United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (201922). World Population Prospects 201922. <a href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/">http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/</a></p>
<p>Handbook on the Collection of Fertility and Mortality Data, United Nations Publication (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/92), (<a href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/standmeth/handbooks/Handbook_Fertility_Mortality.pdf">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/standmeth/handbooks/Handbook_Fertility_Mortality.pdf</a>)</p>
<p>Manual X: Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.83.XIII.2. (<a href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf">https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf</a>)</p>
<p>Indicator and Monitoring Framework for the Global Strategy for Women&#x2019;s, Children&#x2019;s and Adolescents&#x2019; Health (2016-2030), (<a href="https://www.who.int/life-course/publications/gs-Indicator-and-monitoring-framework.pdf">https://www.who.int/life-course/publications/gs-Indicator-and-monitoring-framework.pdf</a>)</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>Data selected for the adolescent birth rate for women aged 10-14 years and 15-19 years are available for 215 and 229 countries or areas, respectively, for the 2000-2021 time period. For women aged 10-14, , there are at least two available data points for 212 countries or areas. Only three countries have one data point , one in Europe and Northern America (Isle of Man),one in Eastern and South-eastern Asia (Democratic Republic of Korea) and one in Latin America and the Caribbean (Saint Kitts and Nevis). For women aged 15-19, only four countries have one data point for this age group , one in Oceania (Tokelau), and two in Europe and Northern America (Isle of Man, and Channel Islands-Jersey ) and one in Western Asia and Northern Africa (Lebanon). .</p>
<p>Table 1: The regional breakdown of data availability is as follows:</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">
<p><strong>At least one data point between 2000 and 2020</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>World and SDG regions</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>ABR women aged 10-14 years</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>ABR women aged 15-19 years</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>WORLD</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>215</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="12">
<p>20953</p>
<p>46</p>
<p>14</p>
<p>19</p>
<p>25</p>
<p>50</p>
<p>21</p>
<p>2</p>
<p>32</p>
<p>46</p>
<p>54</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Europe and Northern America</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>51</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Latin America and the Caribbean</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>45</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Central Asia and Southern Asia</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>13</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>18</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Northern Africa and Western Asia</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>20</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Sub-Saharan Africa</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>49</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>17</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Australia and New Zealand</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>2</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>31</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Least Developed Countries (LDCs)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>43</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Small island developing States (SIDS)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>51</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Time series:</strong></p>
<p>See table 1 above</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>Age, education, number of living children, marital status, socioeconomic status, geographic location and other categories, depending on the data source and number of observations.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>Data selected for the adolescent birth rate for women aged 10-14 years and 15-19 years are available for 215 and 2259 countries or areas, respectively, for the 2000-20201 time period. For 219 countries or areaswomen aged 10-14, , there are at least two available data points for 212 countries or areas. Only sixthree countries have one data point for women aged 10-14 years, one in Europe and Northern America (Isle of Man), one in Eastern and South-eastern Asia (Democratic Republic of Korea), one in Central Asia and Southern Asia (Bhutan), one in Western Asia and Nothern Africa (Lebanon) and two in Latin America and the Caribbean (Saint-Barth&#xE9;lemy, and Saint Kitts and Nevis). Only four countries have one data point for women aged 15-19 years, one in Eastern and South-eastern Asia (Democratic Republic of Korea) and one in Latin America and the Caribbean (Saint Kitts and Nevis). For women aged 15-19, only four countries have one data point for this age group , one in Oceania (Tokelau), and threewo in Europe and Northern America (Isle of Man, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and San Marino)and Channel Islands-Jersey ) and one in Western Asia and Northern Africa (Lebanon). .</p>
<p>Table 1: The regional breakdown of data availability is as follows:</p>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td colspan="2">
<p><strong>At least one data point between 2000 and 2020</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p><strong>World and SDG regions</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>ABR women aged 10-14 years</strong></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><strong>ABR women aged 15-19 years</strong></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>WORLD</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>215</p>
</td>
<td rowspan="12">
<p>225</p>
<p>500953</p>
<p>46</p>
<p>14</p>
<p>189</p>
<p>25</p>
<p>50</p>
<p>201</p>
<p>2</p>
<p>32</p>
<p>486</p>
<p>514</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Europe and Northern America</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>4951</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Latin America and the Caribbean</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>45</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Central Asia and Southern Asia</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>143</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Eastern Asia and South-eastern Asia</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>168</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Northern Africa and Western Asia</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>230</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Sub-Saharan Africa</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>49</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Oceania excluding Australia and New Zealand</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>17</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Australia and New Zealand</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>2</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Landlocked developing countries (LLDCs)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>321</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Least Developed Countries (LDCs)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>453</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Small island developing States (SIDS)</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>4751</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>Time series:</strong></p>
<p>See table 1 above</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>Age, education, number of living children, marital status, socioeconomic status, geographic location and other categories, depending on the data source and number of observations.</p>

<p>The Population Division maintains an online database of empirical demographic data and selected tabulations (including fertility rates) from different sources including estimates produced by National Statistical Offices and regional statistical units. Data since the last round of SDG reporting are continuously updated from various sources: DemoData: Data Browser (online database of empirical demographic data and selected tabulations)<em>. </em><a href="https://popdiv.dfs.un.org/demodata/web/&quot; \l &quot;!#%2Fhome">https://popdiv.dfs.un.org/demodata/web/#!#%2Fhome</a></p>
<p>With each revision of World Population Prospects (WPP), the Population Division carries out a re-estimation of historical demographic trends for countries and territories of the world. These demographic estimates are based on the most recently available data sources, such as censuses, demographic surveys, registries of vital events, population registers and various other sources. Newly available demographic data and information are subjected to quality analyses and evaluated by examining the consistency in the patterns, levels and trends of the data across countries and regions. The description of the guidelines for managing the quality of the data and process is available at: <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/unpd-egm-fer-2020-10-backgroundpaper_newtitle_final_oct9.pdf">https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/unpd-egm-fer-2020-10-backgroundpaper_newtitle_final_oct9.pdf</a>; <a href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Methodology.pdf">https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Methodology.pdf</a> </p>

<p>The Population Division maintains an online database of empirical demographic data and selected tabulations (including fertility rates) from different sources including estimates produced by National Statistical Offices and regional statistical units. Data since the last round of SDG reporting are continuously updated from various sources: . DemoData: Data Browser (online database of empirical demographic data and selected tabulations)<em>. </em><a href="https://popdiv.dfs.un.org/demodata/web/#&quot; \l &quot;!#%2Fhome">https://popdiv.dfs.un.org/demodata/web/#!#%2Fhome</a></p>
<p>With each revision of World Population Prospects (WPP), the Population Division carries out a re-estimation of historical demographic trends for countries and territories of the world. These demographic estimates are based on the most recently available data sources, such as censuses, demographic surveys, registries of vital events, population registers and various other sources. Newly available demographic data and information are subjected to quality analyses and evaluated by examining the consistency in the patterns, levels and trends of the data across countries and regions. The description of the guidelines for managing the quality of the data and process is available at: <a href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/unpd-egm-fer-2020-10-backgroundpaper_newtitle_final_oct9.pdf; ">https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/unpd-egm-fer-2020-10-backgroundpaper_newtitle_final_oct9.pdf</a>; <a href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP201922_Methodology.pdf.">https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Methodology.pdf</a> </p>

<p>The adolescent birth rates reported for global and regional aggregates are based on the average of estimated adolescent birth rates for two, contiguous five-year periods (e.g., 2015-2020 and 2020-2025 for year 2020) published in United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022), World Population Prospects 2022 (<a href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/">http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/</a>)</p>
<p>The age-specific fertility rates for global and regional aggregates from World Population Prospects (WPP) are based on population reconstruction at the country level and provide a best estimate based on all the available demographic information. WPP considers potentially as many types and sources of empirical estimates as possible (including retrospective birth histories, direct and indirect fertility estimates), and the final estimates are derived to ensure as much internal consistency as possible with all other demographic components and intercensal cohorts enumerated in successive censuses.</p>

<p>The adolescent birth rates reported for global and regional aggregates are based on the average of estimated adolescent birth rates for two, contiguous five-year periods (e.g., 2015-2020 and 2020-2025 for year 2020) published in United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (201922), World Population Prospects 201922 (<a href="http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/">http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/</a>)</p>
<p>The age-specific fertility rates for global and regional aggregates from World Population Prospects (WPP) are based on population reconstruction at the country level and provide a best estimate based on all the available demographic information. WPP considers potentially as many types and sources of empirical estimates as possible (including retrospective birth histories, direct and indirect fertility estimates), and the final estimates are derived to ensure as much internal consistency as possible with all other demographic components and intercensal cohorts enumerated in successive censuses.</p>

<p><strong>&#x2022; At country level</strong></p>
<p>There is no attempt to provide estimates for individual countries or areas when country or area data are not available.</p>
<p><strong>&#x2022; At regional and global levels</strong></p>
<p>The regional or global aggregates of the adolescent birth rate for the age group 15-19 years are from the latest revision of World Population Prospects produced by the Population Division. </p>
<p>In cases where data are missing or assessed as unreliable, estimates for individual countries or areas are generated either through expert-based opinion, reviewing and weighting each observation analytically, or, in more recent years, using automated statistical methods, or by using a bias-adjusted data model to control for systematic biases between different types of data. See United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects 2022: Methodology of the United Nations population estimates and projections (UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO. 4. ), available at: <a href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Methodology.pdf">https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Methodology.pdf</a> </p>

<p><strong>&#x2022; At country level</strong></p>
<p>There is no attempt to provide estimates for individual countries or areas when country or area data are not available.</p>
<p><strong>&#x2022; At regional and global levels</strong></p>
<p>The regional or global aggregates of the adolescent birth rate for the age group 15-19 years are from the latest revision of World Population Prospects produced by the Population Division. </p>
<p>In cases where data are missing or assessed as unreliable, estimates for individual countries or areas are generated either through expert-based opinion, reviewing and weighting each observation analytically, or, in more recent years, using automated statistical methods, or by using a bias-adjusted data model to control for systematic biases between different types of data. See United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (201922). World Population Prospects 201922: Methodology of the United Nations population estimates and projections (ST/ESA/SER.A/425UN DESA/POP/2022/TR/NO. 4. ), available at: <a href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP201922_Methodology.pdf">https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP201922_Methodology.pdf</a> </p>

<p>The adolescent birth rate is computed as a ratio. The numerator is the number of live births to women aged 15-19 years, and the denominator an estimate of exposure to childbearing by women aged 15-19 years. The computation is the same for the age group 10-14 years. The numerator and the denominator are calculated differently for civil registration, survey and census data.</p>
<p>Computation formula: </p>
<p>Adolescent Birth Rate (15-19) = (number of births to women ages 15-19/mid-year population of women ages 15-19) * 1,000</p>
<p>In the case of civil registration data, the numerator is the registered number of live births born to women aged 15-19 years during a given year, and the denominator is the estimated or enumerated population of women aged 15-19 years.</p>
<p>In the case of survey data, the numerator is the number of live births obtained from retrospective birth histories of the interviewed women who were 15-19 years of age at the time of the births during a reference period before the interview, and the denominator is person-years lived between the ages of 15 and 19 years by the interviewed women during the same reference period. The reported observation</p>
<p>year corresponds to the middle of the reference period. For some surveys without data on retrospective birth histories, computation of the adolescent birth rate is based on the date of last birth or the number of births in the 12 months preceding the survey.</p>
<p>With census data, the adolescent birth rate is computed on the basis of the date of last birth or the number of births in the 12 months preceding the enumeration. The census provides both the numerator and the denominator for the rates. In some cases, the rates based on censuses are adjusted for under- registration based on indirect methods of estimation. For some countries with no other reliable data, the own-children method of indirect estimation provides estimates of the adolescent birth rate for a number of years before the census.</p>
<p>Whenever data are available, adolescent fertility at ages 10-14 years are also computed.</p>
<p>For a thorough treatment of the different methods of computation, see Handbook on the Collection of Fertility and Mortality Data, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.03.XVII.11, <a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_92E.pdf)">(https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/standmeth/handbooks/Handbook_Fertility_Mortality.pdf).</a>.Indirect methods of estimation are analyzed in Manual X: Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.83.XIII.2. </p>

<p>The adolescent birth rate is computed as a ratio. The numerator is the number of live births to women aged 15-19 years, and the denominator an estimate of exposure to childbearing by women aged 15-19 years. The computation is the same for the age group 10-14 years. The numerator and the denominator are calculated differently for civil registration, survey and census data.</p>
<p>Computation formula: </p>
<p>Adolescent Birth Rate (15-19) = (number of births to women ages 15-19/mid-year population of women ages 15-19) * 1,000</p>
<p>In the case of civil registration data, the numerator is the registered number of live births born to women aged 15-19 years during a given year, and the denominator is the estimated or enumerated population of women aged 15-19 years.</p>
<p>In the case of survey data, the numerator is the number of live births obtained from retrospective birth histories of the interviewed women who were 15-19 years of age at the time of the births during a reference period before the interview, and the denominator is person-years lived between the ages of 15 and 19 years by the interviewed women during the same reference period. The reported observation</p>
<p>year corresponds to the middle of the reference period. For some surveys without data on retrospective birth histories, computation of the adolescent birth rate is based on the date of last birth or the number of births in the 12 months preceding the survey.</p>
<p>With census data, the adolescent birth rate is computed on the basis of the date of last birth or the number of births in the 12 months preceding the enumeration. The census provides both the numerator and the denominator for the rates. In some cases, the rates based on censuses are adjusted for under- registration based on indirect methods of estimation. For some countries with no other reliable data, the own-children method of indirect estimation provides estimates of the adolescent birth rate for a number of years before the census.</p>
<p>Whenever data are available, adolescent fertility at ages 10-14 years canare also be computed.</p>
<p>For a thorough treatment of the different methods of computation, see Handbook on the Collection of Fertility and Mortality Data, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.03.XVII.11, <a href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_92E.pdf)">(</a><a href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/standmeth/handbooks/Handbook_Fertility_Mortality.pdf"><u>https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/standmeth/handbooks/Handbook_Fertility_Mortality.pdf</u>).</a>).Indirect methods of estimation are analyzed in Manual X: Indirect Techniques for Demographic Estimation, United Nations Publication, Sales No. E.83.XIII.2. (<a href="http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/Manual_X/Manual_X.htm)"></a><a href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf"><u>https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/Manual_X.pdf</u></a>). </p>

<p>Updated data on the adolescent birth rate for SDG monitoring are released by the Population Division annually. The next release is expected in 2024.</p>

<p>Updated data on the adolescent birth rate for SDG monitoring are released by the Population Division annually. The next release is expected in 20234.</p>

<p>For civil registration data, data on births or the adolescent birth rate are obtained from country-reported data from the United Nations Statistics Division or regional Statistics Divisions or statistical units (ESCWA, ESCAP, CARICOM, SPC). The population figures are obtained from the last revision of the United Nations Population Division World Population Prospects and only exceptionally from other sources.</p>
<p>Survey data are obtained from national household surveys that are internationally coordinated&#x2014;such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS), and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)&#x2014;and other nationally-sponsored surveys. Other national surveys conducted as part of the European Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS) or the Pan-Arab Project for Family Health (PAPFAM) may be considered as well. The data are taken from published survey reports or, in exceptional cases, other published analytical reports. Whenever the estimates are available in the survey report, they are directly taken from it. If clarification is needed, contact is made with the survey sponsors or authoring organization, which occasionally may supply corrected or adjusted estimates in response. In other cases, if microdata is available, estimates are produced by the Population Division based on national data.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>For census data, the estimates are preferably obtained directly from census reports. In such cases, adjusted rates are only used when reported by the National Statistical Office (NSO). In other cases, the adolescent birth rate is computed from tables on births in the preceding 12 months by age of mother, and census population distribution by sex and age.</p>
<p>In addition to obtaining data and estimates directly from the websites of NSOs, the</p>
<p>following databases and websites are utilized: the DHS (<a href="http://api.dhsprogram.com/#/index.html">http://api.dhsprogram.com/#/index.html</a>), Demographic Yearbook database of the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) of the United Nations Secretariat (<a href="http://data.un.org/">http://data.un.org/</a>), internal databases of the Population Division of DESA of the United Nations Secretariat (see latest public release here: <a href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Data_Sources.pdf">https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Data_Sources.pdf</a></p>
<p> Eurostat (<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database">https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database</a>), the Human Fertility Database (<a href="http://www.humanfertility.org">http://www.humanfertility.org</a>), the Human Fertility Collection (<a href="http://www.fertilitydata.org">http://www.fertilitydata.org</a>), and the MICS (<a href="http://mics.unicef.org/">http://mics.unicef.org/</a>). Survey databases (e.g., the Integrated Household Survey Network (IHSN) database) are also consulted in addition to searches for data on websites of National Statistical Offices and ad hoc queries. </p>

<p>For civil registration data, data on births or the adolescent birth rate are obtained from country-reported data from the United Nations Statistics Division or regional Statistics Divisions or statistical units (ESCWA, ESCAP, CARICOM, SPC). The population figures are obtained from the last revision of the United Nations Population Division World Population Prospects and only exceptionally from other sources.</p>
<p>Survey data are obtained from national household surveys that are internationally coordinated&#x2014;such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the Reproductive Health Surveys (RHS), and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)&#x2014;and other nationally-sponsored surveys. Other national surveys conducted as part of the European Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS) or the Pan-Arab Project for Family Health (PAPFAM) may be considered as well. The data are taken from published survey reports or, in exceptional cases, other published analytical reports. Whenever the estimates are available in the survey report, they are directly taken from it. If clarification is needed, contact is made with the survey sponsors or authoring organization, which occasionally may supply corrected or adjusted estimates in response. In other cases, if microdata is available, estimates are produced by the Population Division based on national data.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>For census data, the estimates are preferably obtained directly from census reports. In such cases, adjusted rates are only used when reported by the National Statistical Office (NSO). In other cases, the adolescent birth rate is computed from tables on births in the preceding 12 months by age of mother, and census population distribution by sex and age.</p>
<p>In addition to obtaining data and estimates directly from the websites of NSOs, the</p>
<p>following databases and websites are utilized: the DHS (<a href="http://api.dhsprogram.com/#/index.html">http://api.dhsprogram.com/#/index.html</a>), Demographic Yearbook database of the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) of the United Nations Secretariat (<a href="http://data.un.org/">http://data.un.org/</a>), internal databases of the Population Division of DESA of the United Nations Secretariat (see latest public release here: <a href="https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/fertility/wfd2019.asp">https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/dataset/fertility/wfd2019.asp</a>).population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Data_Sources.pdf">https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2022_Data_Sources.pdf</a></p>
<p> Eurostat (<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database">https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database</a>), the Human Fertility Database (<a href="http://www.humanfertility.org">http://www.humanfertility.org</a>), the Human Fertility Collection (<a href="http://www.fertilitydata.org">http://www.fertilitydata.org</a>), and the MICS (<a href="http://mics.unicef.org/">http://mics.unicef.org/</a>). Survey databases (e.g., the Integrated Household Survey Network (IHSN) database) are also consulted in addition to searches for data on websites of National Statistical Offices and ad hoc queries. </p>

<p>Civil registration is the preferred data source. Census and household survey are alternate sources when there is no reliable civil registration.</p>
<p>Data on births by age of mother are obtained from civil registration systems covering 90 percent or more of all live births, supplemented eventually by census or survey estimates for periods when registration data are not available. For the numerator, the figures reported by National Statistical Offices (NSOs) to the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) have first priority. When they are not available or present problems, use is made of data from the regional statistical units or directly from NSOs. For the denominator, first priority is given to the latest revision of World Population Prospects (WPP) produced by the Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations. In cases where the numerator does not cover the complete de facto population, an alternative appropriate population estimate is used if available. When either the numerator or denominator is missing, the direct estimate of the rate produced by the NSO is used. Information on sources is provided at the cell level. When the numerator and denominator come from two different sources, they are listed in that order.</p>
<p>In countries lacking a civil registration system or where the coverage of that system is lower than 90 percent of all live births, the adolescent birth rate is obtained from household survey data and census data. Registration data regarded as less than 90 percent complete are exceptionally used for countries where the alternative sources present problems of compatibility and registration data can provide an assessment of trends. In countries with multiple survey programmes, large sample surveys conducted on an annual or biennial basis are given precedence when they exist.</p>
<p>For information on the source of each estimate, see United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division: DemoData: Data Browser (online database of empirical demographic data and selected tabulations). <a href="https://popdiv.dfs.un.org/demodata/web/#!#%2Fhome">https://popdiv.dfs.un.org/demodata/web/#!#%2Fhome</a></p>

<p>Civil registration is the preferred data source. Census and household survey are alternate sources when there is no reliable civil registration.</p>
<p>Data on births by age of mother are obtained from civil registration systems covering 90 percent or more of all live births, supplemented eventually by census or survey estimates for periods when registration data are not available. For the numerator, the figures reported by National Statistical Offices (NSOs) to the</p>
<p> United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) have first priority. When they are not available or present problems, use is made of data from the regional statistical units or directly from NSOs. For the denominator, first priority is given to the latest revision of World Population Prospects (WPP) produced by the Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations. In cases where the numerator does not cover the complete de facto population, an alternative appropriate population estimate is used if available. When either the numerator or denominator is missing, the direct estimate of the rate produced by the NSO is used. Information on sources is provided at the cell level. When the numerator and denominator come from two different sources, they are listed in that order.</p>
<p>In countries lacking a civil registration system or where the coverage of that system is lower than 90 percent of all live births, the adolescent birth rate is obtained from household survey data and census data. Registration data regarded as less than 90 percent complete are exceptionally used for countries where the alternative sources present problems of compatibility and registration data can provide an assessment of trends. In countries with multiple survey programmes, large sample surveys conducted on an annual or biennial basis are given precedence when they exist.</p>
<p>For information on the source of each estimate, see United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division : DemoData: Data Browser (online database of empirical demographic data and selected tabulations). <a href="https://popdiv.dfs.un.org/demodata/web/#!#%2Fhome">https://popdiv.dfs.un.org/demodata/web/#!#%2Fhome</a></p>