2. SDG Metadata
3. 15-1-2
4. Spanish

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/</a>; <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/">http://www.birdlife.org/</a>; <a href="http://www.iucn.org/">http://www.iucn.org/</a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2014). Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas: a global network for conserving nature and benefiting people. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Available at datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/sowbpubs#IBA.</p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2019) World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas.Developed by the KBA Partnership: BirdLife International, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Global Wildlife Conservation, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Wildlife Conservation Society and World Wildlife Fund. September 2019 version. Available at http://keybiodiversityareas.org/sites/search.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T. et al. (2001). Conservation priorities for birds and biodiversity: do East African Important Bird Areas represent species diversity in other terrestrial vertebrate groups? Ostrich suppl. 15: 3&#x2013;12. Available </p>
<p>from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520109485329#.VafbVJPVq75.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T.M. et al. (2016) Goal 15: Life on land. Sustainable manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss. Pp. 497&#x2013;522 in Dur&#xE1;n y Lalaguna, P., D&#xED;az Barrado, C.M. &amp; Fern&#xE1;ndez Liesa, C.R. (eds.) International Society and Sustainable Development Goals. Editorial Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, Spain. Available from: https://www.thomsonreuters.es/es/tienda/pdp/duo.html?pid=10008456</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Available from https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1187512.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2012). Protecting important sites for biodiversity contributes to meeting global conservation targets. PLoS One 7(3): e32529. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032529.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2015). Shortfalls and solutions for meeting national and global conservation area targets. Conservation Letters 8: 329&#x2013;337. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12158/full.</p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>.</p>
<p>CBD (2018). Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures. Decision 14/8 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Available at <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf">https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020a). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/. </p>
<p>CBD (2020b). Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Scientific and technical information to support the review of the updated Goals and Targets, and related indicators and baselines. Document CBD/SBSTTA/24/3. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf.</p>
<p>CHAPE, S. et al. (2005). Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360: 443&#x2013;445. Available from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/443.short.</p>
<p>DEGUIGNET, M., et al. (2014). 2014 United Nations List of Protected Areas. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from http://unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/263/original/2014_UN_List_of_Protected_Areas_EN_web.PDF?1415613322.</p>
<p>DI MARCO, M., et al. (2016). Quantifying the relative irreplaceability of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas. Conservation Biology 30: 392&#x2013;402. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12609/abstract.</p>
<p>DONALD, P. et al. (2018) Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs): the development and characteristics of a global inventory of key sites for biodiversity. Bird Conserv. Internat. 29:177&#x2013;198.</p>
<p>DUDLEY, N. (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9243.</p>
<p>EDGAR, G.J. et al. (2008). KBAs as globally significant target sites for the conservation of marine biological diversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18: 969&#x2013;983. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.902/abstract.</p>
<p>EKEN, G. et al. (2004). KBAs as site conservation targets. BioScience 54: 1110&#x2013;1118. Available from http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/12/1110.short.</p>
<p>FOSTER, M.N. et al. (2012) The identification of sites of biodiversity conservation significance: progress with the application of a global standard. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4: 2733&#x2013;2744. Available from </p>
<p>https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/779.</p>
<p>Global Administrative Areas (2019). GADM database of Global Administrative Areas, version 2.8. Available from www.gadm.org.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046.</p>
<p>HOLLAND, R.A. et al. (2012). Conservation priorities for freshwater biodiversity: the key biodiversity area approach refined and tested for continental Africa. Biological Conservation 148: 167&#x2013;179. Available from </p>
<p>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712000298.</p>
<p>IUCN (2016). A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259.</p>
<p>IUCN-WCPA Task Force on OECMs (2019). Recognising and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.</p>
<p>JONAS, H.D. et al. (2014) New steps of change: looking beyond protected areas to consider other effective area-based conservation measures. Parks 20: 111&#x2013;128. Available from http://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PARKS-20.2-Jonas-et-al-10.2305IUCN.CH_.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ_.en_.pdf.</p>
<p>KBA Secretariat (2019). Key Biodiversity Areas Proposal Process: Guidance on Proposing, Reviewing, Nominating and Confirming sites. Version 1.0. Prepared by the KBA Secretariat and KBA Committee of the KBA Partnership. Cambridge, UK. Available at <a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/35687f50ac0bcad155ab17447b48885a">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/35687f50ac0bcad155ab17447b48885a</a>. </p>
<p>KNIGHT, A. T. et al. (2007). Improving the Key Biodiversity Areas approach for effective conservation planning. BioScience 57: 256&#x2013;261. Available from </p>
<p>http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/256.short.</p>
<p>LANGHAMMER, P. F. et al. (2007). Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 15. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9055.</p>
<p>LEVERINGTON, F. et al. (2010). A global analysis of protected area management effectiveness. Environmental Management 46: 685&#x2013;698. Available from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-010-</p>
<p>9564-5#page-1.</p>
<p>MONTESINO POUZOLS, F., et al. (2014) Global protected area expansion is compromised by projected land-use and parochialism. Nature 516: 383&#x2013;386. Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7531/abs/nature14032.html.</p>
<p>NOLTE, C. &amp; AGRAWAL, A. (2013). Linking management effectiveness indicators to observed effects of protected areas on fire occurrence in the Amazon rainforest. Conservation Biology 27: 155&#x2013;165. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x/abstract.</p>
<p>PAIN, D.J. et al. (2005) Biodiversity representation in Uganda&#x2019;s forest IBAs. Biological Conservation 125: 133&#x2013;138. Available from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320705001412.</p>
<p>RICKETTS, T. H. et al. (2005). Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 102: 18497&#x2013;18501. Available from http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18497.short.</p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2004). Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428: 640&#x2013;643. Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6983/abs/nature02422.html.</p>
<p>RODR&#xCD;GUEZ-RODR&#xCD;GUEZ, D., et al. (2011). Progress towards international targets for protected area coverage in mountains: a multi-scale assessment. Biological Conservation 144: 2978&#x2013;2983. Available from </p>
<p><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454</a>.</p>
<p>SIMKINS, A.T., PEARMAIN, E.J., &amp; DIAS, M.P. (2020). Code (and documentation) for calculating the protected area coverage of Key Biodiversity Areas. <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/kba-overlap">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/kba-overlap</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1257484.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC (2019). World Database on Protected Areas User Manual 1.6. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from <a href="http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual">http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual</a>.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC &amp; IUCN (2020). The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from http://www.protectedplanet.net.</p>

<h1>Referencias</h1>
<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/">http://www.unep-wcmc.org/</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.birdlife.org/">http://www.birdlife.org/</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.iucn.org/">http://www.iucn.org/</a></p>
<p><strong>Referencias:</strong></p>
<p>Estos metadatos se basan en
<a href="http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-6-Proportion-of-terrestrial-and-marine-areas-protected.ashx">http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-6-Proportion-</a>, complementado por <a href="http://www.bipindicators.net/paoverlays%20">http://www.bipindicators.net/paoverlays</a> y las referencias que se indican a continuación.</p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2014). Áreas importantes para las Aves y la Biodiversidad: Una red mundial para conservar la naturaleza y beneficiar a las personas. Cambridge, Reino Unido: BirdLife International. Disponible en <a href="http://www.datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/sowbpubs#IBA">datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/sowbpubs#IBA</a>.</p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2019) <em>Base de datos mundial de áreas clave para la biodiversidad.</em>Desarrollada por la Asociación KBA: BirdLife International, Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Global Wildlife Conservation, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Wildlife Conservation Society y World Wildlife Fund. Versión de septiembre de 2019. Disponible en <a href="http://keybiodiversity.areas.org/site/search">http://keybiodiversity areas.org/site/search</a>.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T. et al. (2001). Prioridades de conservación para las aves y la biodiversidad: ¿representan las Áreas Importantes para las Aves de África Oriental la diversidad de especies de otros grupos de vertebrados terrestres? Ostrich suppl. 15: 3&#x2013;12. Disponible en:<a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520109485329%23.VafbVJPVq75.">http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520109485329#.VafbVJPVq75</a>.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T.M. et al. (2016) Objetivo 15: La vida en la Tierra. Gestionar sosteniblemente los bosques, combatir la desertificación, detener e invertir la degradación de la tierra, detener la pérdida de biodiversidad. Pp. 497&#x2013;522 en Dur&#xE1;n y Lalaguna, P., D&#xED;az Barrado, C.M. y Fern&#xE1;ndez Liesa, C.R. (eds.) Sociedad internacional y Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Editorial Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, España. Disponible en: <a href="https://www.thomsonreuters.es/es/tienda/pdp/duo.html?pid=10008456">https://www.thomsonreuters.es/es/tienda/pdp/duo.html?pid=10008456</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Biodiversidad mundial: indicadores de los recientes descensos. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Disponible en<a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.short</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2012). La protección de lugares importantes para la biodiversidad contribuye a alcanzar los objetivos de conservación globales. PLoS One 7(3): e32529. Disponible en <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032529">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032529</a>.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2015). Carencias y soluciones para cumplir con los objetivos nacionales y mundiales de áreas de conservación. Conservation Letters 8: 329&#x2013;337. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12158/full">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12158/full</a>.</p>
<p>CBD (2014). Perspectiva mundial sobre la biodiversidad 4. Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica, Montreal, Canadá. Disponible en <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/.">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>.</p>
<p>CHAPE, S. et al. (2005). Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360: 443&#x2013;445. Disponible en <a href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/443.short">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/443.shor</a>.</p>
<p>DEGUIGNET, M., et al. (2014). Lista de áreas protegidas de las Naciones Unidas de 2014. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, Reino Unido. Disponible en <a href="http://unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/263/original/2014_UN_List_of_Protected_Areas_EN_web.PDF?1415613322">http://unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/263/original/2014_UN_List_of_Protected_Areas_EN_web.PDF?1415613322</a>.</p>
<p>DI MARCO, M., et al. (2016). Cuantificación de la insustituibilidad relativa de las áreas importantes para las aves y la biodiversidad. Biología de la conservación 30: 392&#x2013;402. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12609/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12609/abstract</a>.</p>
<p>DONALD, P. et al. (2018) Áreas Importantes para las Aves y la Biodiversidad (IBAs): el desarrollo y las características de un inventario global de sitios clave para la biodiversidad. Bird Conserv. Internat. 29:177&#x2013;198.</p>
<p>DUDLEY, N. (2008). Directrices para la aplicación de las categorías de gestión de áreas protegidas. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). Gland, Suiza. Disponible en <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9243">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9243</a>.</p>
<p>EDGAR, G.J. et al. (2008). Key Biodiversity Areas as globally significant target sites for the conservation of marine biological diversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18: 969&#x2013;983. Disponible en <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.902/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.902/abstract</a>.</p>

<p>EKEN, G. et al. (2004). Key biodiversity areas as site conservation targets. BioScience 54: 1110&#x2013;1118. Disponible en <a href="http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/12/1110.short">http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/12/1110.short</a>.</p>
<p>FOSTER, M.N. et al. (2012) La identificación de sitios de importancia para la conservación de la biodiversidad: avances en la aplicación de una norma mundial. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4: 2733&#x2013;2744. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.threatenedtaxa.in/index.php/JoTT/article/view/779">http://www.threatenedtaxa.in/index.php/JoTT/article/view/779</a>.</p>
<p>Áreas administrativas globales (2019). Base de datos GADM de áreas administrativas globales, versión 2.8. Disponible en <a href="http://www.gadm.org/home" target="_blank">www.gadm.org</a>.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Disponible en <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046">http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046</a>.</p>
<p>HOLLAND, R.A. et al. (2012). Prioridades de conservación de la biodiversidad de agua dulce: el enfoque de áreas clave de biodiversidad refinado y probado para el África continental. Biological Conservation 148: 167&#x2013;179. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712000298">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712000298</a>.</p>
<p>IUCN (2016). Un estándar global para la identificación de áreas clave para la biodiversidad. Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Gland, Suiza. Disponible en: <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259</a>.</p>
<p>JONAS, H.D. et al. (2014) New steps of change: looking beyond protected areas to consider other effective area-based conservation measures. Parks 20: 111&#x2013;128. Disponible en: <a href="http://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PARKS-20.2-Jonas-et-al-10.2305IUCN.CH_.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ_.en_.pdf">http://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PARKS-20.2-Jonas-et-al-10.2305IUCN.CH_.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ_.en_.pdf</a>.</p>
<p>KNIGHT, A. T. et al. (2007). Improving the Key Biodiversity Areas approach for effective conservation planning. BioScience 57: 256&#x2013;261. Disponible en: <a href="http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/256.short">http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/256.short</a>.</p>
<p>LANGHAMMER, P. F. et al. (2007). Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. UICN World Commission on Protected Areas Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 15. UICN, Gland, Suiza. Disponible en: <a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9055">https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9055</a>.</p>
<p>LEVERINGTON, F. et al. (2010). Un análisis global de la eficacia de la gestión de las áreas protegidas. Environmental Management 46: 685&#x2013;698. Disponible en: <a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-010-9564-5#page-1">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-010-9564-5#page-1</a>.</p>
<p>MONTESINO POUZOLS, F., et al. (2014) La expansión global de las áreas protegidas se ve comprometida por el uso de la tierra y el parroquialismo proyectados. Nature 516: 383&#x2013;386. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7531/abs/nature14032.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7531/abs/nature14032.html</a>.</p>
<p>NOLTE, C. y AGRAWAL, A. (2013). Vinculación de los indicadores de eficacia de la gestión con los efectos observados de las áreas protegidas en la aparición de incendios en la selva amazónica. Conservation Biology 27: 155&#x2013;165. Disponible en: <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x/abstract</a>.</p>
<p>PAIN, D.J. et al. (2005) Biodiversity representation in Uganda forest IBAs. Biological Conservation 125: 133&#x2013;138. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320705001412">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320705001412</a>.</p>
<p>RICKETTS, T. H. et al. (2005). Localización y prevención de extinciones inminentes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 102: 18497&#x2013;18501. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18497.short">http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18497.short</a>.</p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2004). Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428: 640&#x2013;643. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6983/abs/nature02422.html">http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6983/abs/nature02422.html</a>.</p>
<p>RODRÍGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, D., et al. (2011). Progreso hacia los objetivos internacionales de cobertura de áreas protegidas en las montañas: una evaluación a múltiples escalas. Biological Conservation 144: 2978&#x2013;2983. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454</a>.</p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). Un análisis a medio plazo del progreso hacia los objetivos internacionales de biodiversidad. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.short</a>.</p>
<p>PNUMA-WCMC (2019). Base de datos mundial sobre áreas protegidas. Manual del usuario 1.6. PNUMA-WCMC, Cambridge, Reino Unido. Disponible en: <a href="http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual">http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual</a>.</p>
<p>PNUMA-WCMC y IUCN (2020). The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). PNUMA-WCMC, Cambridge, Reino Unido. Disponible en: <a href="http://www.protectedplanet.net">http://www.protectedplanet.net</a>.</p>

<p><strong>URL:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://www.unep-wcmc.org/; ">http://www.birdlife.org/; http://www.iucn.org/</p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>These metadata are based on http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mi/wiki/7-6-Proportion-</p>
<p>of-terrestrial-and-marine-areas-protected.ashx, supplemented by http://www.bipindicators.net/paoverlays and the references listed below.unep-wcmc.org/</a>; <a href="http://www.birdlife.org/">http://www.birdlife.org/</a>; <a href="http://www.iucn.org/">http://www.iucn.org/</a> </p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2014). Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas: a global network for conserving nature and benefiting people. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Available at datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/sowbpubs#IBA.</p>
<p>BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2019) World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas.Developed by the KBA Partnership: BirdLife International, International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Amphibian Survival Alliance, Conservation International, Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Global Environment Facility, Global Wildlife Conservation, NatureServe, Rainforest Trust, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Wildlife Conservation Society and World Wildlife Fund. September 2019 version. Available at http://keybiodiversity areas.org/sites/search.</p>
<p>BROOKS, T. et al. (2001). Conservation priorities for birds and biodiversity: do East African Important Bird Areas represent species diversity in other terrestrial vertebrate groups? Ostrich suppl. 15: 3&#x2013;12. Available </p>
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<p>BROOKS, T.M. et al. (2016) Goal 15: Life on land. Sustainable manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss. Pp. 497&#x2013;522 in Dur&#xE1;n y Lalaguna, P., D&#xED;az Barrado, C.M. &amp; Fern&#xE1;ndez Liesa, C.R. (eds.) International Society and Sustainable Development Goals. Editorial Aranzadi, Cizur Menor, Spain. Available from: https://www.thomsonreuters.es/es/tienda/pdp/duo.html?pid=10008456</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2010). Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science 328: 1164&#x2013;1168. Available from https://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5982/1164.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1187512.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2012). Protecting important sites for biodiversity contributes to meeting global conservation targets. PLoS One 7(3): e32529. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0032529.</p>
<p>BUTCHART, S. H. M. et al. (2015). Shortfalls and solutions for meeting national and global conservation area targets. Conservation Letters 8: 329&#x2013;337. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/conl.12158/full.</p>
<p>CBD (2014). Global Biodiversity Outlook 4. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from <a href="https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/">https://www.cbd.int/gbo4/</a>.</p>
<p>CBD (2018). Protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures. Decision 14/8 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Available at <a href="https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf">https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-08-en.pdf</a>. </p>
<p>CBD (2020a). Global Biodiversity Outlook 5. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montr&#xE9;al, Canada. Available from https://www.cbd.int/gbo5/. </p>
<p>CBD (2020b). Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework: Scientific and technical information to support the review of the updated Goals and Targets, and related indicators and baselines. Document CBD/SBSTTA/24/3. Available at: https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/705d/6b4b/a1a463c1b19392bde6fa08f3/sbstta-24-03-en.pdf.</p>
<p>CHAPE, S. et al. (2005). Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity targets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360: 443&#x2013;445. Available from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/360/1454/443.short.</p>
<p>DEGUIGNET, M., et al. (2014). 2014 United Nations List of Protected Areas. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from http://unep-wcmc.org/system/dataset_file_fields/files/000/000/263/original/2014_UN_List_of_Protected_Areas_EN_web.PDF?1415613322.</p>
<p>DI MARCO, M., et al. (2016). Quantifying the relative irreplaceability of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas. Conservation Biology 30: 392&#x2013;402. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cobi.12609/abstract.</p>
<p>DONALD, P. et al. (2018) Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs): the development and characteristics of a global inventory of key sites for biodiversity. Bird Conserv. Internat. 29:177&#x2013;198.</p>
<p>DUDLEY, N. (2008). Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9243.</p>
<p>EDGAR, G.J. et al. (2008). Key Biodiversity AreaBAs as globally significant target sites for the conservation of marine biological diversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 18: 969&#x2013;983. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aqc.902/abstract.</p>
<p>EKEN, G. et al. (2004). Key biodiversity areaBAs as site conservation targets. BioScience 54: 1110&#x2013;1118. Available from http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/12/1110.short.</p>
<p>FOSTER, M.N. et al. (2012) The identification of sites of biodiversity conservation significance: progress with the application of a global standard. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4: 2733&#x2013;2744. Available from </p>
<p>https://www.threatenedtaxa.inorg/index.php/JoTT/article/view/779.</p>
<p>Global Administrative Areas (2019). GADM database of Global Administrative Areas, version 2.8. Available from www.gadm.org.</p>
<p>HAN, X. et al. (2014). A Biodiversity indicators dashboard: addressing challenges to monitoring progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets using disaggregated global data. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112046. Available from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0112046.</p>
<p>HOLLAND, R.A. et al. (2012). Conservation priorities for freshwater biodiversity: the key biodiversity area approach refined and tested for continental Africa. Biological Conservation 148: 167&#x2013;179. Available from </p>
<p>http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320712000298.</p>
<p>IUCN (2016). A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259.</p>
<p>IUCN-WCPA Task Force on OECMs (2019). Recognising and reporting other effective area-based conservation measures. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.</p>
<p>JONAS, H.D. et al. (2014) New steps of change: looking beyond protected areas to consider other effective area-based conservation measures. Parks 20: 111&#x2013;128. Available from http://parksjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/PARKS-20.2-Jonas-et-al-10.2305IUCN.CH_.2014.PARKS-20-2.HDJ_.en_.pdf.</p>
<p>KBA Secretariat (2019). Key Biodiversity Areas Proposal Process: Guidance on Proposing, Reviewing, Nominating and Confirming sites. Version 1.0. Prepared by the KBA Secretariat and KBA Committee of the KBA Partnership. Cambridge, UK. Available at <a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/35687f50ac0bcad155ab17447b48885a">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/35687f50ac0bcad155ab17447b48885a</a>. </p>
<p>KNIGHT, A. T. et al. (2007). Improving the Key Biodiversity Areas approach for effective conservation planning. BioScience 57: 256&#x2013;261. Available from </p>
<p>http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/3/256.short.</p>
<p>LANGHAMMER, P. F. et al. (2007). Identification and Gap Analysis of Key Biodiversity Areas: Targets for Comprehensive Protected Area Systems. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No. 15. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/9055.</p>
<p>LEVERINGTON, F. et al. (2010). A global analysis of protected area management effectiveness. Environmental Management 46: 685&#x2013;698. Available from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00267-010-</p>
<p>9564-5#page-1.</p>
<p>MONTESINO POUZOLS, F., et al. (2014) Global protected area expansion is compromised by projected land-use and parochialism. Nature 516: 383&#x2013;386. Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v516/n7531/abs/nature14032.html.</p>
<p>NOLTE, C. &amp; AGRAWAL, A. (2013). Linking management effectiveness indicators to observed effects of protected areas on fire occurrence in the Amazon rainforest. Conservation Biology 27: 155&#x2013;165. Available from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01930.x/abstract.</p>
<p>PAIN, D.J. et al. (2005) Biodiversity representation in Uganda&#x2019;s forest IBAs. Biological Conservation 125: 133&#x2013;138. Available from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320705001412.</p>
<p>RICKETTS, T. H. et al. (2005). Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 102: 18497&#x2013;18501. Available from http://www.pnas.org/content/102/51/18497.short.</p>
<p>RODRIGUES, A. S. L. et al. (2004). Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428: 640&#x2013;643. Available from http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6983/abs/nature02422.html.</p>
<p>RODR&#xCD;GUEZ-RODR&#xCD;GUEZ, D., et al. (2011). Progress towards international targets for protected area coverage in mountains: a multi-scale assessment. Biological Conservation 144: 2978&#x2013;2983. Available from </p>
<p><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320711003454</a>.</p>
<p>SIMKINS, A.T., PEARMAIN, E.J., &amp; DIAS, M.P. (2020). Code (and documentation) for calculating the protected area coverage of Key Biodiversity Areas. <a href="https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/kba-overlap">https://github.com/BirdLifeInternational/kba-overlap</a>. </p>
<p>TITTENSOR, D. et al. (2014). A mid-term analysis of progress towards international biodiversity targets. Science 346: 241&#x2013;244. Available from https://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6206/241.shortdoi/10.1126/science.1257484.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC (2019). World Database on Protected Areas User Manual 1.6. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from <a href="http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual">http://wcmc.io/WDPA_Manual</a>.</p>
<p>UNEP-WCMC &amp; IUCN (2020). The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. Available from http://www.protectedplanet.net.</p>

<p><strong>Sources of discrepancies:</strong></p>
<p>National processes provide the data that are incorporated into the WDPA, the WDOECM, and the World Database of KBAs, so there are very few discrepancies between national indicators and the global one. One minor source of difference is that the WDPA incorporates internationally-designated protected areas (e.g., UNESCO World Heritage sites, Ramsar sites, etc), a few of which are not considered by their sovereign nations to be protected areas. </p>
<p>Note that because countries do not submit comprehensive data on degazetted protected areas to the WDPA, earlier values of the indictor may marginally underestimate coverage. Furthermore, there is also a lag between the point at which a protected area is designated on the ground and the point at which it is reported to the WDPA. As such, current or recent coverage may also be underestimated.</p>

<p> <strong> Fuentes de discrepancias: </strong>.</p>
<p> Los procesos nacionales proporcionan la mayor parte de los datos que posteriormente se agregan tanto a la Base de datos mundial sobre áreas protegidas como a la Base de datos mundial de áreas clave para la biodiversidad, por lo que existen muy pocas diferencias entre los indicadores nacionales y el mundial. Una fuente menor de diferencia es que la Base de datos mundial sobre áreas protegidas incorpora áreas protegidas designadas internacionalmente (por ejemplo, sitios del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, sitios Ramsar, etc.), algunas de las cuales no son consideradas por sus naciones soberanas como áreas protegidas.</p>
<p> Nótese que debido a que los países no envían a la WDPA datos completos sobre áreas protegidas eliminadas, los valores anteriores del indicador pueden subestimar marginalmente la cobertura. Además, también hay un desfase entre el punto en el que se designa un área protegida en el terreno y el punto en el que se informa a la WDPA. Como tal, la cobertura actual o reciente también puede subestimarse.</p>

<p><strong>Sources of discrepancies:</strong></p>
<p>National processes provide the data that are incorporated into the World Database on Protected Areas, the World Database on Other Effective Area-based Conservation MeasuresDPA, the WDOECM, and the World Database of Key Biodiversity AreaBAs, so there are very few discrepancies between national indicators and the global one. One minor source of difference is that the World Database on Protected AreasDPA incorporates internationally-designated protected areas (e.g., UNESCO World Heritage sites, Ramsar sites, etc), a few of which are not considered by their sovereign nations to be protected areas. </p>
<p>Note that because countries do not submit comprehensive data on degazetted protected areas to the WDPA, earlier values of the indictor may marginally underestimate coverage. Furthermore, there is also a lag between the point at which a protected area is designated on the ground and the point at which it is reported to the WDPA. As such, current or recent coverage may also be underestimated.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>This indicator has been classified by the IAEG-SDGs as Tier 1. Current data are available for all countries in the world, and these are updated on an ongoing basis. Index values for each country are available in the UN SDG Indicators Database <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/">https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/</a>. Graphs of Protected area coverage of KBAs are also available for each country in the BIP Indicators Dashboard (<a href="https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html">https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html</a>), and the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool Country Profiles (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>).</p>
<p>Underlying data on protected areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures are available at <a href="http://www.protectedplanet.net">www.protectedplanet.net</a>. Data on KBAs are available at <a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org">www.keybiodiversityareas.org</a>. Data on subsets of KBAs are available for Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas at <a href="http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/search">http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/search</a> and for Alliance for Zero Extinction sites at https://zeroextinction.org.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>Given that data for the global indicator are compiled at national levels, it is straightforward to disaggregate to national and regional levels (e.g., Han et al. 2014), or conversely to aggregate to the global level. KBAs span all ecosystem types through the marine environment (Edgar et al. 2008) and beyond. The indicator can therefore be reported in combination across marine systems along with terrestrial or freshwater systems, or disaggregated among them. However, individual KBAs can encompass marine, terrestrial, and freshwater systems simultaneously, and so determining the results is not simply additive. </p>

<h1> Disponibilidad de datos </h1>
<p> <strong> Descripción: </strong>.</p>
<p> Este indicador ha sido clasificado por el IAEG-SDG (por su sigla en inglés) como Nivel 1. Los datos actuales están disponibles para todos los países del mundo, y éstos se actualizan de manera continua.</p>
<p> <strong> Serie temporal: </strong>.</p>
<p> ~ 150 años.</p>
<p> <strong> Desagregación: </strong>.</p>
<p> Dado que los datos para el indicador global se compilan a nivel nacional, es sencillo desagregarlos a nivel nacional y regional (por ejemplo, Han et al. 2014) o, a la inversa, agregarlos a nivel mundial. Las áreas clave para la biodiversidad abarcan todos los tipos de ecosistemas, incluidos los marinos (Edgar et al. 2008), los de agua dulce (Holland et al. 2012) y las montañas (Rodríguez-Rodríguez et al. 2011). Por lo tanto, el indicador puede notificarse en combinación en sistemas terrestres y de agua dulce (y de hecho marinos), o desagregarse entre ellos. Sin embargo, las Áreas Clave para la Biodiversidad individuales pueden abarcar sistemas terrestres, de agua dulce y marinos simultáneamente, por lo que determinar los resultados no es simplemente aditivo. Por último, el indicador puede desglosarse según las diferentes categorías de gestión de áreas protegidas (categorías I &#x2013; VI) para reflejar los diferentes objetivos específicos de gestión de las áreas protegidas.</p>
<p> Además de la agregación de la cobertura de áreas protegidas en sitios importantes para la biodiversidad terrestre y de agua dulce como indicador asociado al ODS 15.1, otras desagregaciones de cobertura de áreas protegidas de particular relevancia como indicadores hacia las metas de los ODS (Brooks et al. 2016 ) incluyen las siguientes:.</p>
<p> ODS 14.5.1 Cobertura de áreas protegidas en relación con áreas marinas.</p>
<p> ODS 15.4.1 Cobertura por áreas protegidas de sitios importantes para la diversidad biológica de las montañas.</p>
<p> Los datos de cobertura de áreas protegidas se pueden combinar con otras fuentes de datos para producir indicadores adicionales complementarios. Por ejemplo, la superposición de áreas protegidas con mapas ecorregionales se puede utilizar para proporcionar información sobre la cobertura de áreas protegidas de diferentes regiones biogeográficas amplias. La cobertura del área protegida de las distribuciones de diferentes grupos de especies (por ejemplo, mamíferos, aves, anfibios) puede proporcionar de manera similar indicadores de tendencias en la cobertura de la biodiversidad a nivel de especie. La cobertura de áreas protegidas se puede combinar con el Índice de la Lista Roja para generar indicadores de los impactos de las áreas protegidas en la reducción de la pérdida de biodiversidad (Butchart et al. 2012). Por último, los indicadores derivados de la superposición de áreas protegidas también pueden informar el desarrollo urbano sostenible; por ejemplo, la superposición de áreas protegidas en mapas urbanos podría proporcionar un indicador del espacio público como una proporción del espacio total de la ciudad.</p>

<p><strong>Data availability:</strong></p>
<p>This indicator has been classified by the IAEG-SDGs as Tier 1. Current data are available for all countries in the world, and these are updated on an ongoing basis. Index values for each country are available in the UN SDG Indicators Database <a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/">https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/</a>. Graphs of Protected area coverage of Key Biodiversity AreaBAs are also available for each country in the BIP Indicators Dashboard (<a href="https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html">https://bipdashboard.natureserve.org/bip/SelectCountry.html</a>), and the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool Country Profiles (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>).</p>
<p>Underlying data on protected areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures are available at <a href="http://www.protectedplanet.net">www.protectedplanet.net</a>. Data on Key Biodiversity AreaBAs are available at <a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org">www.keybiodiversityareas.org</a>. Data on subsets of KBAs are available for Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas at <a href="http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/search">http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/search</a> and for Alliance for Zero Extinction sites at https://zeroextinction.org.</p>
<p><strong>Disaggregation:</strong></p>
<p>Given that data for the global indicator are compiled at national levels, it is straightforward to disaggregate to national and regional levels (e.g., Han et al. 2014), or conversely to aggregate to the global level. Key Biodiversity AreaBAs span all ecosystem types through the marine environment (Edgar et al. 2008) and beyond. The indicator can therefore be reported in combination across marine systems along with terrestrial or freshwater systems, or disaggregated among them. However, individual Key Biodiversity AreaBAs can encompass marine, terrestrial, and freshwater systems simultaneously, and so determining the results is not simply additive. </p>

<p>High.</p>
<p>Each custodian agency is responsible for quality management of their own database.<br>Quality assessment of the indicator is shared between the indicator custodian agencies.</p>

<p>Information on the process of how protected area data are collected, standardised and published is available in the WDPA User Manual at: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual</a> which is available in English, French and Spanish. Specific guidance is provided at <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas</a> on, for example, predefined fields or look up tables in the WDPA: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables</a>, how WDPA records are coded how international designations and regional designations data is collected, how regularly is the database updated, and how to perform protected areas coverage statistics. </p>
<p>Data quality in the process of identifying KBAs is ensured through processes established by the <a href="https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/working-with-kbas/programme/partnership">KBA Partnership</a> and KBA Secretariat. Data quality is ensured through wide stakeholder engagement in the KBA proposal process, data checking by Regional Focal Points, formal Review of KBA Proposals by independent Reviewers, and validation of Nominations by the KBA Secretariat. </p>
<p>In addition, the Chairs of the IUCN Species Survival Commission and World Commission on Protected Areas (both of whom are elected by the IUCN Membership of governments and non-governmental organisations), appoint the Chair of an independent KBA Standards and Appeals Committee, which ensures the correct application of the Global Standard for the identification of KBA, and oversees a formal Procedure for handling of appeals against the identification of KBAs (see http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/1b388c918e14c5f4c3d7a0237eb0d366).</p>
<p>Before submission to the UN SDG Indicators database the annually updated indicators of coverage of KBAs by protected areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures are incorporated into updated Country Profiles on the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>) and then sent for consultation to National Focal Points of the Convention on Biological Diversity (<a href="https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml">https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml</a>), National Statistics Offices SDG Representatives and UN Permanent Missions (Geneva) representatives. </p>

<p> <strong> Garantía de calidad: </strong></p>
<p> El proceso sobre cómo se recopilan, estandarizan y publican los datos está disponible en el Manual del usuario de la WDPA en: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual"> https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual </a> que está disponible en inglés, francés y español. En <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas"> https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas </a> se proporciona orientación específica sobre, por ejemplo, campos predefinidos o tablas de consulta en la WDPA: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables"> https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables</a>, cómo se codifican los registros de la WDPA, cómo se recopilan los datos de designaciones internacionales y regionales, con qué frecuencia se actualiza la base de datos y cómo realizar la cobertura de áreas protegidas Estadísticas.</p>
<p> El proceso de identificación de áreas clave para la diversidad biológica cuenta con el apoyo de la Asociación de áreas clave para la diversidad biológica (<a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/kba-partners"> http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/kba-partners </a>). Entre las funciones de la asociación se encuentra el establecimiento de la Secretaría de Áreas Clave de Biodiversidad, que verifica la información enviada en la fase de Nominación del Sitio para la correcta aplicación del Estándar de Áreas Clave de Biodiversidad ((<a href="https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/46259"> https://portals.iucn.org/library / node / 46259 </a>), y la idoneidad de la documentación del sitio y luego la verificación del sitio, que luego se publica en el sitio web de las áreas clave de biodiversidad (<a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/get-involved"> http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/get-involved </a>&#x201C;). Además, los presidentes de la Comisión de Supervivencia de Especies de la UICN y la Comisión Mundial de Áreas Protegidas (ambos elegidos por los gobiernos y organizaciones no gubernamentales miembros de la UICN), nombran al presidente de una Norma de Áreas Clave de Biodiversidad independiente y Comité de Apelaciones, que asegura la correcta aplicación del Estándar Global para la identificación de Áreas Clave para la Biodiversidad. El código R para calcular la cobertura de áreas protegidas de Áreas Clave para la Biodiversidad está documentado como Dias, M. (2017) &#x201C;Código R para calcular la cobertura de áreas protegidas de las ACB&#x201D; (<a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/userfiles/files/R_code_for_calculating_protected_area_coverage_of_KBAs_March_2017.pdf"> http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/userfiles/files/R_code_for_calculating_protected_area_coverage_of_KBAs_March_2017.pdf </a>).</p>
<p> Además de la difusión a través del sitio web Protected Planet (<a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/"> https://www.protectedplanet.net/ </a>), el proceso de la Lista de las Naciones Unidas describió en 3.1 el hecho de que los datos sobre áreas protegidas se recopilan de organismos nacionales reconocidos en los metadatos de la WDPA y en el sitio web de las Áreas Clave de Biodiversidad (<a href="http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/home"> http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/home </a>). Los datos de Planeta Protegido y Áreas Clave de Biodiversidad se difunden a través de la Herramienta de Evaluación Integrada de la Biodiversidad, disponible para investigación y conservación en línea (<a href="https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/"> https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat-conservation/ </a>). Esto incorpora documentos de Perfil de País para todos los países del mundo, que incluyen documentación del indicador de cobertura de áreas protegidas de Áreas Clave para la Biodiversidad. Cada actualización anual de estos Perfiles de País se envía para consulta a los Puntos Focales Nacionales del Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (<a href="https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml"> https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml </a>), a Oficinas Nacionales de Estadística representantes de los ODS y representantes de las Misiones Permanentes de la ONU (Ginebra).</p>

<p>Information on the process of how protected area data are collected, standardised and published is available in the WDPA User Manual at: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-manual</a> which is available in English, French and Spanish. Specific guidance is provided at <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas</a> on, for example, predefined fields or look up tables in the WDPA: <a href="https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables">https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/wdpa-lookup-tables</a>, how WDPA records are coded how international designations and regional designations data is collected, how regularly is the database updated, and how to perform protected areas coverage statistics. </p>
<p>Data quality in the process of identifying Key Biodiversity AreaBAs is ensured through processes established by the Key Biodiversity Areas Partnership (<a href="https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/kba-partners">http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/kba-pworking-with-kbas/programme/partnership">KBA Partnership</a>) and Key Biodiversity AreasBA Secretariat. Data quality is ensured through wide stakeholder engagement in the KBA proposal process, data checking by Regional Focal Points, formal Review of KBA Proposals by independent Reviewers, and validation of Nominations by the Key Biodiversity AreasBA Secretariat. </p>
<p>In addition, the Chairs of the IUCN Species Survival Commission and World Commission on Protected Areas (both of whom are elected by the IUCN Membership of governments and non-governmental organisations), appoint the Chair of an independent Key Biodiversity AreasBA Standards and Appeals Committee, which ensures the correct application of the Global Standard for the identification of Key Biodiversity AreasBA, and oversees a formal Procedure for handling of appeals against the identification of Key Biodiversity AreaBAs (see http://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/assets/1b388c918e14c5f4c3d7a0237eb0d366).</p>
<p>Before submission to the UN SDG Indicators database the annually updated indicators of coverage of Key Biodiversity AreaBAs by protected areas and Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures are incorporated into updated Country Profiles on the Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (<a href="https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles">https://ibat-alliance.org/country_profiles</a>) and then sent for consultation to National Focal Points of the Convention on Biological Diversity (<a href="https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml">https://www.cbd.int/information/nfp.shtml</a>), National Statistics Offices SDG Representatives and UN Permanent Missions (Geneva) representatives. </p>