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Project website debian-handbook.info
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https://debian-handbook.info/contribute/ Mailing list for translators: <debian-handbook-translators@lists.alioth.debian.org
Project maintainers User avatar rhertzogUser avatar pereUser avatar dleidert
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Source code repository https://salsa.debian.org/hertzog/debian-handbook.git
Repository branch bookworm/main
Last remote commit Update PO files c274c239
User avatar dleidert authored a month ago
Last commit in Weblate es-ES: Translated using Weblate. 2215360f
User avatar eulalio authored yesterday
Weblate repository https://hosted.weblate.org/git/debian-handbook/12_advanced-administration/
File mask */92_short-remedial-course.po
Translation file Download vi-VN/92_short-remedial-course.po
Last change April 22, 2025, 2:09 a.m.
Last change made by None
Language Vietnamese
Language code vi
Text direction Left to right
Case sensitivity Case-sensitive
Number of speakers 92,370,781
Number of plurals 1
Plural type None
Plurals
Plural formula 0
6 days ago

String statistics

Strings percent Hosted strings Words percent Hosted words Characters percent Hosted characters
Total 250 6,347 49,760
Translated 66% 166 74% 4,751 70% 34,997
Needs editing 27% 68 17% 1,131 21% 10,722
Read-only 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Failing checks 33% 84 24% 1,557 29% 14,499
Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Untranslated strings 6% 16 7% 465 8% 4,041
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Resource updated
The “vi-VN/92_short-remedial-course.po” file was changed. a month ago
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There are many filesystem formats, corresponding to many ways of physically storing data on disks. The most widely known are <emphasis>ext3</emphasis> and <emphasis>ext4</emphasis>, but others exist. For instance, <emphasis>vfat</emphasis> is the system that was historically used by DOS and Windows operating systems, which allows using hard disks under Debian as well as under Windows. In any case, a filesystem must be prepared on a disk before it can be mounted and this operation is known as “formatting”. Commands such as <command>mkfs.ext4</command> (where <command>mkfs</command> stands for <emphasis>MaKe FileSystem</emphasis>) handle formatting. These commands require, as a parameter, a device file representing the partition to be formatted (for instance, <filename>/dev/sda1</filename>). This operation is destructive and should only be run once, except if one deliberately wishes to wipe a filesystem and start afresh.
Có rất nhiều định dạng hệ thống tập tin, tương ứng với nhiều cách để lưu trữ dữ liệu trên đĩa một cách vật lý. Được biết đến rộng rãi nhất là <emphasis>ext3</emphasis> và <emphasis>ext4</emphasis>, và còn nhiều loại nữa. Ví dụ,<emphasis>vfat</emphasis>là hệ thống được sử dụng trong quá khứ bởi các hệ điều hành DOS và Windows, cho phép sử dụng các đĩa cứng dưới Debian cũng như dưới Windows. Trong bất kỳ trường hợp nào, một hệ thống tập tin phải được chuẩn bị trên đĩa trước khi nó có thể được gắn kết và hoạt động này được gọi là “format“. Các lệnh như<command>mkfs.ext3</command>(<command>mkfs</command>là viết tắt của<emphasis>MaKe FileSystem</emphasis>) xử lý việc format. Các lệnh này yêu cầu một tệp tin thiết bị đại diện cho phân vùng sẽ được format, dưới dạng tham số (ví dụ:<filename>/dev/sda1</filename>). Thao tác này mang tính phá huỷ và chỉ nên chạy một lần, trừ khi nếu một người cố ý muốn xóa sạch một hệ thống tập tin và bắt đầu lại.
a month ago
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Source string changed
There are many filesystem formats, corresponding to many ways of physically storing data on disks. The most widely known are <emphasis>ext3</emphasis> and <emphasis>ext4</emphasis>, but others exist. For instance, <emphasis>vfat</emphasis> is the system that was historically used by DOS and Windows operating systems, which allows using hard disks under Debian as well as under Windows. In any case, a filesystem must be prepared on a disk before it can be mounted and this operation is known as “formatting”. Commands such as <command>mkfs.ext34</command> (where <command>mkfs</command> stands for <emphasis>MaKe FileSystem</emphasis>) handle formatting. These commands require, as a parameter, a device file representing the partition to be formatted (for instance, <filename>/dev/sda1</filename>). This operation is destructive and should only be run once, except if one deliberately wishes to wipe a filesystem and start afresh.
a month ago
User avatar None

String added in the repository
Applications often access devices by way of special files created within <filename>/dev/</filename> (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.special-files" />). These are special files that represent disk drives (for instance, <filename>/dev/hda</filename> and <filename>/dev/sdc</filename>), <filename>/dev/nvme1n1</filename> partitions (<filename>/dev/hda1</filename> or <filename>/dev/sdc3</filename> or <filename>/dev/nvme1n1p2</filename>), mice (<filename>/dev/input/mouse0</filename>), keyboards (<filename>/dev/input/event0</filename>), soundcards (<filename>/dev/snd/*</filename>), serial ports (<filename>/dev/ttyS*</filename>), and so on.
Các ứng dụng thường truy cập các thiết bị thông qua các tệp tin đặc biệt được tạo trong<filename>/dev/</filename>(xem thanh bên<xref linkend="sidebar.special-files" />). Đây là các tệp đặc biệt đại diện cho các ổ đĩa (ví dụ:<filename>/dev/hda</filename>và<filename>/dev/sdc</filename>), các phân vùng (<filename>/Dev/hda1</filename>hoặc<filename>/dev/sdc3</filename>), chuột (<filename>/dev/input/mouse0</filename>), bàn phím (<filename>/dev/input/event0</filename>), soundcards (<filename>/dev/snd/*</filename>), serial ports (<filename>/dev/ttyS*</filename>), v.v...
a month ago
User avatar None

Source string changed
Applications often access devices by way of special files created within <filename>/dev/</filename> (see sidebar <xref linkend="sidebar.special-files" />). These are special files that represent disk drives (for instance, <filename>/dev/hda</filename> and <filename>/dev/sdc</filename>), <filename>/dev/nvme1n1</filename> partitions (<filename>/dev/hda1</filename> or <filename>/dev/sdc3</filename> or <filename>/dev/nvme1n1p2</filename>), mice (<filename>/dev/input/mouse0</filename>), keyboards (<filename>/dev/input/event0</filename>), soundcards (<filename>/dev/snd/*</filename>), serial ports (<filename>/dev/ttyS*</filename>), and so on.
a month ago
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String added in the repository

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>lspci
</userinput><computeroutput>[...]
00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Root Complex
00:00.2 IOMMU: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse IOMMU
00:01.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:01.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse GPP Bridge
00:02.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
00:03.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge
[..]
02:09.0 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 43ea
05:00.0 PCI bridge: ASPEED Technology, Inc. AST1150 PCI-to-PCI Bridge (rev 04)
06:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ASPEED Technology, Inc. ASPEED Graphics Family (rev 41)
07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
08:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller PM9A1/PM9A3/980PRO
09:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller PM9A1/PM9A3/980PRO
0a:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Function
0b:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Reserved SPP
0b:00.1 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Cryptographic Coprocessor PSPCPP
0b:00.3 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse USB 3.0 Host Controller
$ </computeroutput><userinput>lsusb
</userinput><computeroutput>Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 05e3:0610 Genesys Logic, Inc. Hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 048d:c102 Integrated Technology Express, Inc. ITE Device(8910)
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 5986:115f Bison Electronics Inc. Integrated Camera
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 048d:c975 Integrated Technology Express, Inc. ITE Device(8295)
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 8087:0026 Intel Corp. AX201 Bluetooth
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 05e3:0620 Genesys Logic, Inc. GL3523 Hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
</computeroutput>
 
a month ago
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String added in the repository
Let us start with a basic reminder that a computer is, first and foremost, a set of hardware elements. There is generally a main board (known as the <emphasis>motherboard</emphasis>), with one (or more) processor(s), some RAM, device controllers, and extension slots for option boards (for other device controllers). Most noteworthy among these controllers are IDE (Parallel ATA), SCSI, and Serial ATA, for connecting to storage devices such as hard disks. Other controllers include USB, which is able to host a great variety of devices (ranging from webcams to thermometers, from keyboards to home automation systems) and IEEE 1394 (Firewire). These controllers often allow connecting several devices so the complete subsystem handled by a controller is therefore usually known as a “bus”. Option boards include graphics cards (into which monitor screens will be plugged), sound cards, network interface cards, and so on. Some main boards are pre-built with these features, and don't need option boards.
Chúng ta hãy bắt đầu với một điều rất cơ bản là máy tính, trước hết, là một bộ các phần tử phần cứng. Nói chung, có một bảng mạch chính (được gọi là <emphasis>motherboard</emphasis>), với một (hoặc nhiều) bộ xử lý (s), một số bộ nhớ RAM, bộ điều khiển thiết bị và khe cắm mở rộng cho các bảng tùy chọn (cho các thiết bị khác Bộ điều khiển). Đáng chú ý nhất trong số các bộ điều khiển này là IDE (Parallel ATA), SCSI và Serial ATA, để kết nối với các thiết bị lưu trữ như đĩa cứng. Các bộ điều khiển khác bao gồm USB, có thể lưu trữ nhiều thiết bị khác nhau (từ webcam đến nhiệt kế, từ bàn phím đến các hệ thống tự động hóa gia đình) và IEEE 1394 (Firewire). Các bộ điều khiển này thường cho phép kết nối nhiều thiết bị nên hệ thống con hoàn chỉnh do bộ điều khiển xử lý thường được gọi là“bus“. Các bảng lựa chọn bao gồm card đồ hoạ (vào màn hình màn hình sẽ được cắm), card âm thanh, card giao tiếp mạng, vân vân. Một số bo mạch chính được xây dựng trước với các tính năng này, và không cần bảng tùy chọn.
a month ago
User avatar None

Source string changed
Let us start with a basic reminder that a computer is, first and foremost, a set of hardware elements. There is generally a main board (known as the <emphasis>motherboard</emphasis>), with one (or more) processor(s), some RAM, device controllers, and extension slots for option boards (for other device controllers). Most noteworthy among these controllers are IDE (Parallel ATA), SCSI, and Serial ATA, for connecting to storage devices such as hard disks. Other controllers include USB, which is able to host a great variety of devices (ranging from webcams to thermometers, from keyboards to home automation systems) and IEEE 1394 (Firewire). These controllers often allow connecting several devices so the complete subsystem handled by a controller is therefore usually known as a “bus”. Option boards include graphics cards (into which monitor screens will be plugged), sound cards, network interface cards, and so on. Some main boards are pre-built with these features, and don't need option boards.
a month ago
User avatar None

String added in the repository
These configuration files stored directly in a user's home directory, often collectively referred to as <emphasis>dotfiles</emphasis>, have long proliferated to the point that these directories can be quite cluttered with them. Fortunately, an effort led collectively under the FreeDesktop.org umbrella has resulted in the “XDG Base Directory Specification”, a convention that aims at cleaning up these files and directories. This specification states that configuration files should be stored under <filename>~/.config/</filename>, cache files under <filename>~/.cache/</filename>, and application data files under <filename>~/.local/</filename> (or subdirectories thereof). This convention has been gaining traction, and many applications (especially graphical ones) are following it.
Những tệp tin cấu hình này được lưu trữ trực tiếp trong thư mục chính của người dùng, thường được gọi chung là<emphasis>dotfiles</emphasis>, từ lâu đã được sử dụng đến mức các thư mục này có thể bị lộn xộn với chúng. May mắn thay, một nỗ lực dẫn đầu của ông trùm FreeDesktop.org đã dẫn đến“XDG Base Directory Specification“, một quy ước nhằm làm sạch các tệp và thư mục này. Đặc tả này chỉ ra rằng các tệp tin cấu hình phải được lưu trữ trong tệp<filename>~ /.config</filename>, tệp bộ nhớ cache trong<filename>~ /.cache</filename>và các tệp dữ liệu ứng dụng trong<filename>~/.local</filename>(hoặc thư mục con của chúng). Quy ước này đang dần dần được phổ biến, và một số ứng dụng (đặc biệt là đồ họa) đã bắt đầu tuân theo nó.
a month ago
User avatar None

Source string changed
These configuration files stored directly in a user's home directory, often collectively referred to as <emphasis>dotfiles</emphasis>, have long proliferated to the point that these directories can be quite cluttered with them. Fortunately, an effort led collectively under the FreeDesktop.org umbrella has resulted in the “XDG Base Directory Specification”, a convention that aims at cleaning up these files and directoryies. This specification states that configuration files should be stored under <filename>~/.config/</filename>, cache files under <filename>~/.cache/</filename>, and application data files under <filename>~/.local/</filename> (or subdirectories thereof). This convention is slowlyhas been gaining traction, and severalmany applications (especially graphical ones) have startedare following it.
a month ago
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