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Project website debian-handbook.info
Instructions for translators

https://debian-handbook.info/contribute/ Mailing list for translators: <debian-handbook-translators@lists.alioth.debian.org
Project maintainers User avatar rhertzogUser avatar pereUser avatar dleidert
Translation license GNU General Public License v2.0 or later
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  • The translation uses bilingual files.
Source code repository https://salsa.debian.org/hertzog/debian-handbook.git
Repository branch bookworm/main
Last remote commit Update PO files c274c239
User avatar dleidert authored 2 months ago
Last commit in Weblate es-ES: Translated using Weblate. 6d63d290
User avatar eulalio authored yesterday
Weblate repository https://hosted.weblate.org/git/debian-handbook/12_advanced-administration/
File mask */14_security.po
Translation file Download ar-MA/14_security.po
Last change April 22, 2025, 2:06 a.m.
Last change made by None
Language Arabic (Morocco)
Language code ar_MA
Text direction Right to left
Case sensitivity Case-insensitive
Number of speakers 23,180,312
Number of plurals 6
Plural type Arabic languages
Plurals Zero 0
One 1
Two 2
Few 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 103, 104, …
Many 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, …
Other 100, 101, 102, 200, 201, 202, 300, 301, 302, 400, …
Plural formula n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 && n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 ? 4 : 5
2 weeks ago

String statistics

Strings percent Hosted strings Words percent Hosted words Characters percent Hosted characters
Total 567 16,138 128,724
Translated 52% 298 49% 7,942 45% 58,630
Needs editing 35% 203 34% 5,596 38% 50,071
Read-only 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Failing checks 42% 243 40% 6,501 46% 60,299
Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Untranslated strings 11% 66 16% 2,600 15% 20,023
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Resource updated
The “ar-MA/14_security.po” file was changed. 2 months ago
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String added in the repository
comparing the system to the last known uncompromised backup can quickly reveal the changes left by the attacker, e.g. files added, changed, or deleted;
 
2 months ago
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String added in the repository
Once the “dynamic” elements have been saved, the next step is to store a complete image of the hard-disk. Making such an image is impossible if the filesystem is still evolving, which is why it must be remounted read-only. The simplest solution is often to halt the server brutally (after running <command>sync</command>) and reboot it on a rescue CD. Each partition should be copied with a tool such as <command>dd</command>; these images can be sent to another server (possibly with the very convenient <command>nc</command> tool). Another possibility may be even simpler: just get the disk out of the machine and replace it with a new one that can be reformatted and reinstalled. Most server providers offer a so-called rescue-console that essentially provides the same functionality as a rescue CD.
فور حفظ العناصر ”الديناميكية“، الخطوة التالية هي تخزين صورة عن القرص الصلب. لا يمكن أخذ صورة كهذه إذا كان نظام الملفات في تغيُّر، ولذلك يجب إعاده ربطه في وضع القراءة فقط. أبسط حل في الغالب هو إيقاف المخدم قسراً (بعد تشغيل <command>sync</command>) وإعادة إقلاعه إلى قرص إنقاذ. يجب نسخ جميع الأقسام باستخدام أداة مثل <command>dd</command>؛ يمكن إرسال هذه الصور إلى مخدم آخر (ربما عبر استخدام الأداة <command>nc</command> التي تفيد كثيراً في إرسال البيانات الناتجة عن <command>dd</command> إلى جهاز آخر). هناك احتمال آخر ربما كان أبسط: فقط أخْرِج القرص من الجهاز واستبدله بآخر جديد يمكن إعادة تهيئته وتثبيت النظام عليه.
2 months ago
User avatar None

Source string changed
Once the “dynamic” elements have been saved, the next step is to store a complete image of the hard-disk. Making such an image is impossible if the filesystem is still evolving, which is why it must be remounted read-only. The simplest solution is often to halt the server brutally (after running <command>sync</command>) and reboot it on a rescue CD. Each partition should be copied with a tool such as <command>dd</command>; these images can be sent to another server (possibly with the very convenient <command>nc</command> tool). Another possibility may be even simpler: just get the disk out of the machine and replace it with a new one that can be reformatted and reinstalled. Most server providers offer a so-called rescue-console that essentially provides the same functionality as a rescue CD.
2 months ago
User avatar None

String added in the repository
This may only be possible if the server is physically accessible. When the server is hosted in a hosting provider's data center halfway across the country, or if the server is not accessible for any other reason, it is usually a good idea to start by gathering some important information (see <xref linkend="sect.keeping-everything-that-could-be-used-as-evidence" />, <xref linkend="sect.forensic-analysis" /> and <xref linkend="sect.reconstituting-the-attack-scenario" />), then isolating that server as much as possible by shutting down as many services as possible (usually, everything but <command>sshd</command>). This case is still awkward, since one can't rule out the possibility of the attacker having SSH access like the administrator has; this makes it harder to “clean” the machines. If possible, and if the provider supports it, the server can be put offline and accessed through the providers KVM/IPMI interface or their rescue console. If the affected machine is a virtual machine, a snapshot should be taken immediately to secure evidence.
قد لا يكون هذا ممكناً إذا لم يكن الوصول الفيزيائي للمخدم متاحاً. أما إذا كانت استضافة المخدم في مركز بيانات لمزود خدمة يقع في الجانب الآخر من البلاد، أو إذا لم يكن الوصول للمخدم ممكناً لأي سبب آخر، فمن الجيد عادة البدء بجمع بعض المعلومات المهمة (انظر <xref linkend="sect.keeping-everything-that-could-be-used-as-evidence" />، و<xref linkend="sect.forensic-analysis" /> و<xref linkend="sect.reconstituting-the-attack-scenario" />)، ثم عزل ذلك المخدم قدر المستطاع عبر إيقاف أكبر عدد ممكن من الخدمات (كل الخدمات عدا <command>sshd</command> عادة). لا تزال هذه الحالة غير ملائمة، لأنك لا تستطيع الجزم بأن المهاجم لا يملك صلاحيات الدخول عبر SSH كما هي حال مدير النظام؛ هذا يجعل ”تنظيف“ الأجهزة أصعب.
2 months ago
User avatar None

Source string changed
This may only be possible if the server is physically accessible. When the server is hosted in a hosting provider's data center halfway across the country, or if the server is not accessible for any other reason, it' is usually a good idea to start by gathering some important information (see <xref linkend="sect.keeping-everything-that-could-be-used-as-evidence" />, <xref linkend="sect.forensic-analysis" /> and <xref linkend="sect.reconstituting-the-attack-scenario" />), then isolating that server as much as possible by shutting down as many services as possible (usually, everything but <command>sshd</command>). This case is still awkward, since one can't rule out the possibility of the attacker having SSH access like the administrator has; this makes it harder to “clean” the machines. If possible, and if the provider supports it, the server can be put offline and accessed through the providers KVM/IPMI interface or their rescue console. If the affected machine is a virtual machine, a snapshot should be taken immediately to secure evidence.
2 months ago
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String added in the repository
a program that utilizes all CPU cores or memory;
 
2 months ago
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a command that suddenly shows errors like segmentation faults;
 
2 months ago
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Another very common scenario nowadays is a ransomware attack. The attackers will encrypt the data on the machine and leave a note with instructions how to pay ransom to get the key to decrypt the data. Of course, it is not for certain that even after paying, the data can be recovered or be sure it hasn't been stolen (and sold) as well.
 
2 months ago
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String added in the repository
The consequences of an intrusion will have various levels of obviousness depending on the motivations of the attacker. “Script-kiddies“ only apply recipes they find on web sites; most often, they deface a web page or delete data. In more subtle cases, they add invisible contents to web pages so as to improve referrals to their own sites in search engines. In others, they simply install crypto-miners and use the compromised system to fill their crypto wallets.
يختلف مدى وضوح آثار الاختراق حسب أهداف المهاجم. يطبق <emphasis>Script-kiddy</emphasis> الوصفات التي يجدها على مواقع الوب فقط؛ أغلب الأحيان، سوف يشوه مظهر صفحة وب أو يحذف بيانات. في الحالات الأكثر حذقاً، سيضيف محتوى غير مرئي لصفحات الوب بحيث تتحسن referrals لموقعه الشخصي في محركات البحث.
2 months ago
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