2. Debian Handbook
3. 06_apt
4. Chinese (Simplified)

<command>apt-cache</command> only allows searching in package names and descriptions, which is very convenient when looking for a particular package that matches a few target keywords;

<command>apt-cache</command> 只能通过软件包名称和描述信息来进行搜索，对于搜索符合少量关键词的特定软件包十分方便；;

<primary>package</primary><secondary>tags</secondary>

<primary>软件包</primary><secondary>纹章标签</secondary>

Browsing this classification can help you to search for a package which corresponds to known needs; even if it returns a (moderate) number of hits, the rest of the search can be done manually. To do that, you can use the <literal>~G</literal> search pattern in <command>aptitude</command>, but it is probably easier to simply navigate the site where tags are managed: <ulink type="block" url="https://debtags.debian.org/" />

浏览此分类系统可协助搜索对应的已知需求；即使收到一堆 (合理数量) 结果，还可以用人工方式再搜索。可以使用 <literal>~G</literal> 搜索模式于 <command>aptitude</command> 内使用 <literal>~G</literal> 搜索模式，但可以再简化浏览标签管理的网站：<ulink type="block" url="https://debtags.alioth.debian.org/cloud/" />

A slightly more successful searching pattern is a plain-text search in package names, but it remains very limited. You can generally find results by searching package descriptions: since each package has a more or less detailed description in addition to its package name, a keyword search in these descriptions will often be useful. <command>apt-cache</command> and <command>axi-cache</command> are the tools of choice for this kind of search (see <xref linkend="sidebar.apt-axi-cache" />); for instance, <command>apt-cache search video</command> will return a list of all packages whose name or description contains the keyword “video”.

搜索纯文本的软件包名称，虽然有限制但成功率较高。还可以搜索软件包说明的内容：除了搜索软件包名称、关键词之外，还可搜索其说明。<command>apt-cache</command> 与 <command>axi-cache</command> 是此类搜索工具 (见 <xref linkend="sidebar.apt-axi-cache" />)；例如，<command>apt-cache search video</command> 将找出名称或说明内有键词 “video” 的软件包。

$ <userinput>aptitude search kino~dvideo~mpaul</userinput>
p kino - Non-linear editor for Digital Video data
$ <userinput>aptitude show kino</userinput>
<![CDATA[Package: kino
Version: 1.3.4+dfsg0-1
State: not installed
Priority: optional
Section: video
Maintainer: Paul Brossier <piem@debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Uncompressed Size: 8,304 k
Depends: libasound2 (>= 1.0.16), libatk1.0-0 (>= 1.12.4), libavc1394-0 (>= 0.5.3), libavcodec58 (>=
7:4.0) | libavcodec-extra58 (>= 7:4.0), libavformat58 (>= 7:4.0), libavutil56 (>= 7:4.0),
libc6 (>= 2.14), libcairo2 (>= 1.2.4), libdv4 (>= 1.0.0), libfontconfig1 (>= 2.12.6),
libfreetype6 (>= 2.2.1), libgcc1 (>= 1:3.0), libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0), libglade2-0
(>= 1:2.6.4-2~), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.16.0), libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.24.32), libice6 (>= 1:1.0.0),
libiec61883-0 (>= 1.2.0), libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0), libpangocairo-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0),
libpangoft2-1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0), libquicktime2 (>= 2:1.2.2), libraw1394-11, libsamplerate0
(>= 0.1.7), libsm6, libstdc++6 (>= 5.2), libswscale5 (>= 7:4.0), libx11-6, libxext6,
libxml2 (>= 2.7.4), libxv1, zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4)
Recommends: ffmpeg, curl
Suggests: udev | hotplug, vorbis-tools, sox, mjpegtools, lame, ffmpeg2theora
Conflicts: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus
Replaces: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus
Provides: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus
Description: Non-linear editor for Digital Video data
Kino allows you to record, create, edit, and play movies recorded with DV camcorders. This program
uses many keyboard commands for fast navigating and editing inside the movie.

The kino-timfx, kino-dvtitler and kinoplus sets of plugins, formerly distributed as separate
packages, are now provided with Kino.
Homepage: http://www.kinodv.org/
Tags: field::arts, hardware::camera, implemented-in::c, implemented-in::c++, interface::graphical,
interface::x11, role::program, scope::application, suite::gnome, uitoolkit::gtk,
use::editing, use::learning, works-with::video, x11::application
]]>

$ <userinput>aptitude search kino~dvideo~mpaul</userinput>
p kino - Non-linear editor for Digital Video data
$ <userinput>aptitude show kino</userinput>
<![CDATA[Package: kino
State: not installed
Version: 1.3.4-2.1+b1
Version: 1.3.4+dfsg0-1
State: not installed
Priority: extraoptional
Section: video
Maintainer: Paul Brossier &lt;<piem@debian.org&gt;>
Architecture: amd64
Uncompressed Size: 8,472304 k
Depends: libasound2 (&gt;>= 1.0.16), libatk1.0-0 (&gt;>= 1.12.4), libavc1394-0 (&gt;=
>= 0.5.3), libavcodec568 (&gt;= 6:11~beta1>=
7:4.0) | libavcodec-extra-56 (&gt;=
6:11~beta158 (>= 7:4.0), libavformat568 (&gt;= 6:11~beta1>= 7:4.0), libavutil546 (&gt;=
6:11~beta1),>= 7:4.0),
libc6 (&gt;>= 2.14), libcairo2 (&gt;>= 1.2.4), libdv4,
(>= 1.0.0), libfontconfig1 (&gt;>= 2.11),2.6),
libfreetype6 (&gt;>= 2.2.1), libgcc1 (&gt;=
1:4.1.1>= 1:3.0), libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (&gt;>= 2.22.0), libglade2-0 (&gt;
(>= 1:2.6.4-2~),
libglib2.0-0 (&gt;>= 2.126.0), libgtk2.0-0 (&gt;>= 2.24.032), libice6 (&gt;=
>= 1:1.0.0),
libiec61883-0 (&gt;>= 1.2.0), libpango-1.0-0 (&gt;>= 1.14.0),
libpangocairo-1.0-0 (&gt;>= 1.14.0),
libpangoft2-1.0-0 (&gt;>= 1.14.0),
libquicktime2 (&gt;>= 2:1.2.2), libraw1394-11, libsamplerate0 (&gt;= 0.1.7),

(>= 0.1.7), libsm6, libstdc++6 (&gt;= 4.9>= 5.2), libswscale35 (&gt;= 6:11~beta1>= 7:4.0), libx11-6,
libxext6,
libxml2 (&gt;>= 2.7.4), libxv1, zlib1g (&gt;>= 1:1.1.4)
Recommends: ffmpeg, curl
Suggests: udev | hotplug, vorbis-tools, sox, mjpegtools, lame, ffmpeg2theora
Conflicts: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus
Replaces: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus
Provides: kino-dvtitler, kino-timfx, kinoplus
Description: Non-linear editor for Digital Video data
Kino allows you to record, create, edit, and play movies recorded with DV
camcorders. This program
uses many keyboard commands for fast navigating and
editing inside the movie.


The kino-timfx, kino-dvtitler and kinoplus sets of plugins, formerly
distributed as separate
packages, are now provided with Kino.
Homepage: http://www.kinodv.org/

Tags: field::arts, hardware::camera, implemented-in::c, implemented-in::c++, interface::graphical,
interface::x11, role::program, scope::application, suite::gnome,
uitoolkit::gtk,
use::editing, use::learning, works-with::video,
x11::application
]]>

A slightly more successful searching pattern is a plain-text search in package names, but it remains very limited. You can generally find results by searching package descriptions: since each package has a more or less detailed description in addition to its package name, a keyword search in these descriptions will often be useful. <command>apt-cache</command> and <command>axi-cache</command> are the tools of choice for this kind of search (see <xref linkend="sidebar.apt-axi-cache" />); for instance, <command>apt-cache search video</command> will return a list of all packages whose name or description contains the keyword “video”.

搜索纯文本的软件包名称，虽然有限制但成功率较高。还可以搜索软件包说明的内容：除了搜索软件包名称、关键词之外，还可搜索其说明。<command>apt-cache</command> 与 <command>axi-cache</command> 是此等类搜索的工具；例如，<command>apt-cache search video</command> 将找出名称或说明内有键词 “video” 的软件包。

Some categories of packages are named according to a conventional naming scheme; knowing the scheme can sometimes allow you to guess exact package names. For instance, for Perl modules, the convention says that a module called <literal>XML::Handler::Composer</literal> upstream should be packaged as <emphasis role="pkg">libxml-handler-composer-perl</emphasis>. The library enabling the use of the <command>gconf</command> system from Python is packaged as <emphasis role="pkg">python-gconf</emphasis>. It is unfortunately not possible to define a fully general naming scheme for all packages, even though package maintainers usually try to follow the choice of the upstream developers.

部分类型的软件包遵循命名惯例命多；只要知道该惯例就能够猜到正确的软件包名称。例如，Perl 模块，惯例是称呼名为 <literal>XML::Handler::Composer</literal> 上游的软件包名就是 <emphasis role="pkg">libxml-handler-composer-perl</emphasis>。从 Python 启用 <command>gconf</command> 系统的程序库就是软件包 <emphasis role="pkg">python-gconf</emphasis>。不幸的是即使软件包管理者努力选择上游开发者的惯例，仍无法猜中所有软件包的通俗惯例命名方式。

<primary>package</primary><secondary>naming conventions</secondary>

<primary>软件包</primary><secondary>安装命名惯例</secondary>

The most trivial search possible is looking up an exact package name. If <command>apt show <replaceable>package</replaceable></command> returns a result, then the package exists. Unfortunately, this requires knowing or even guessing the package name, which isn't always possible.

最琐碎的搜索可能是找到正确的软件包名称。若 <command>apt show <replaceable>软件包名称</replaceable></command> 送返回结果，表示该软件包存在。不幸的是，必须知道或猜对软件包名称，却几乎是不可能的.

<primary>package</primary><secondary>search package</secondary>

<primary>软件包</primary><secondary>搜索软件包</secondary>