2. Debian Handbook
3. Debian Handbook
4. 05_packaging-system
5. Arabic (Morocco)

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>fakeroot alien --to-deb phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-2.fc39.src.rpm</userinput>
<computeroutput>[..]
Warning: Skipping conversion of scripts in package phpMyAdmin: postinst
Warning: Use the --scripts parameter to include the scripts.
[..]
phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb generated
$ </computeroutput><userinput>ls -sh phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput> 7.2M phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./
-rw-r--r-- root/root 7461668 2023-02-08 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 833 2023-02-08 01:15 ./phpMyAdmin-5.2.1-all-languages.tar.xz.asc
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1077 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-bundled.php
-rw-r--r-- root/root 637 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin-certs.patch
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1181 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.htaccess
-rw-r--r-- root/root 430 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root 38997 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpMyAdmin.spec
-rw-r--r-- root/root 34198 2023-07-20 20:00 ./phpmyadmin.keyring
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 214 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/changelog.Debian.gz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1303 2024-05-21 20:49 ./usr/share/doc/phpmyadmin/copyright
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I phpmyadmin_5.2.1-3_all.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 7500852 bytes: control archive=1092 bytes.
583 bytes, 15 lines control
618 bytes, 10 lines md5sums
446 bytes, 11 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
Package: phpmyadmin
Version: 5.2.1-3
Architecture: all
Maintainer: debian <debian@debian>
Installed-Size: 7377
Section: alien
Priority: extra
Description: A web interface for MySQL and MariaDB
phpMyAdmin is a tool written in PHP intended to handle the administration of
MySQL over the Web. Currently it can create and drop databases,
create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement,
manage keys on fields, manage privileges,export data into various formats and
is available in 50 languages
.
(Converted from a rpm package by alien version 8.95.6.)]]></computeroutput>

If you regularly use the <command>alien</command> program to install RPM packages coming from one of your providers, do not hesitate to write to them and amicably express your strong preference for the <filename>.deb</filename> format. Note that the format of the package is not everything: a <filename>.deb</filename> package built with <command>alien</command> or prepared for a version of Debian different than that which you use, or even for a derivative distribution like Ubuntu, would probably not offer the same level of quality and integration as a package specifically developed for Debian <emphasis role="distribution">Bookworm</emphasis>.

إذا كنت تستخدم البرنامج <command>alien</command> بانتظام لتثبيت حزم RPM ترد إليك من أحد المزودين، فلا تتردد بمراسلتهم والتعبير بلطف عن تفضيلك الشديد لصيغة <filename>‎.deb</filename>. لاحظ أن صيغة الحزمة ليست كل شيء: فحزمة <filename>‎.deb</filename> المبنية باستخدام <command>alien</command> أو التي تُجهَّز لإصدارة دبيان مختلفة عن التي تستخدمها، أو المجهزة لإحدى التوزيعات المشتقة عن دبيان مثل أوبنتو، لن تُقدِّم على الأغلب الدرجة نفسها من الجودة والتكامل مثل الحزم المطورة خصيصاً لدبيان <emphasis role="distribution">جيسي</emphasis>.

If you regularly use the <command>alien</command> program to install RPM packages coming from one of your providers, do not hesitate to write to them and amicably express your strong preference for the <filename>.deb</filename> format. Note that the format of the package is not everything: a <filename>.deb</filename> package built with <command>alien</command> or prepared for a version of Debian different than that which you use, or even for a derivative distribution like Ubuntu, would probably not offer the same level of quality and integration as a package specifically developed for Debian <emphasis role="distribution">JessieBookworm</emphasis>.

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-12-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-12-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-12-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-12-base:arm64 | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc-s1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-12-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-12-base:amd64, gcc-12-base:arm64: /usr/share/doc/gcc-12-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-4.9-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-4.9-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-4.9-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-4.9-base:amd64 gcc-4.9-base:armhf | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.9-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-4.9-base:amd64, gcc-4.9-base:armhf: /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.9-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-4.912-base
</userinput><computeroutput>dpkg-query: error: --status needs a valid package name but 'gcc-4.912-base' is not: ambiguous package name 'gcc-4.912-base' with more than one installed instance

Use --help for help about querying packages.
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s gcc-4.912-base:amd64 gcc-4.9-base:armhfrm64 | grep ^Multi
</userinput><computeroutput>Multi-Arch: same
Multi-Arch: same
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L libgcc-s1:amd64 |grep .so
</userinput><computeroutput>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.912-base/copyright
</userinput><computeroutput>gcc-4.912-base:amd64, gcc-4.912-base:armhf64: /usr/share/doc/gcc-4.912-base/copyright
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-architecture</userinput>
<computeroutput>amd64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot access archive 'gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb': No such file or directory
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>arm64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>Selecting previously unselected package gcc-12-base:arm64.
(Reading database ... 166273 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack gcc-12-base_12.2.0-14_arm64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-12-base:arm64 (12.2.0-14) ...
Setting up gcc-12-base:arm64 (12.2.0-14) ...
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot remove architecture 'arm64' currently in use by the database
[..]
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture arm64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput>

<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-architecture</userinput>
<computeroutput>amd64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-4.9-base_4.9.1-19_armhf.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error processing archive gcc-4.9-base_4.9.1-19_armhf.deb (--install):
package architecture (armhf) does not match system (amd64)
Errors were encountered while processing:
gcc-4.9-base_4.9.1-19_armhf.deb
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armhf</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armel</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf
armel
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-4.9-base_4.9.1-19_armhf.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>Selecting previously unselected package gcc-4.9-base:armhf.
(Reading database ... 86425 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack gcc-4.9-base_4.9.1-19_armhf.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-4.9-base:armhf (4.9.1-19) ...
Setting up gcc-4.9-base:armhf (4.9.1-19) ...
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armhf</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot remove architecture 'armhf' currently in use by the database
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armel</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf</computeroutput>

<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-architecture</userinput>
<computeroutput>amd64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-4.912-base_4.9.1-1912.2.0-14_armhf64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error pro: cannot accessing archive 'gcc-4.912-base_4.9.1-1912.2.0-14_armhf64.deb (--install):
package architecture (armhf) does not match system (amd64)
Errors were encountered while processing:
gcc-4.9-base_4.9.1-19_armhf.deb': No such file or directory
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armhf64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --add-architecture armel64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf
armel64
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -i gcc-4.912-base_4.9.1-1912.2.0-14_armhf64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>Selecting previously unselected package gcc-4.912-base:armhf64.
(Reading database ... 86425166273 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack gcc-4.912-base_4.9.1-1912.2.0-14_armhf64.deb ...
Unpacking gcc-4.912-base:armhf (4.9.1-1964 (12.2.0-14) ...
Setting up gcc-4.912-base:armhf (4.9.1-1964 (12.2.0-14) ...
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armhf64</userinput>
<computeroutput>dpkg: error: cannot remove architecture 'armhf64' currently in use by the database
[..]
# </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --remove-architecture armel64</userinput>
<computeroutput># </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg --print-foreign-architectures</userinput>
<computeroutput>armhf# </computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L base-passwd</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[/.
/usr
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/update-passwd
/usr/share
/usr/share/base-passwd
/usr/share/base-passwd/group.master
/usr/share/base-passwd/passwd.master
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/README
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/copyright
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.txt.gz
/usr/share/doc-base
/usr/share/doc-base/base-passwd.users-and-groups
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/base-passwd
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/de
/usr/share/man/de/man8
/usr/share/man/de/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/es
/usr/share/man/es/man8
/usr/share/man/es/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/fr
/usr/share/man/fr/man8
/usr/share/man/fr/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/ja
/usr/share/man/ja/man8
/usr/share/man/ja/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/pl
/usr/share/man/pl/man8
/usr/share/man/pl/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/ru
/usr/share/man/ru/man8
/usr/share/man/ru/man8/update-passwd.8.gz]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /bin/date</userinput>
<computeroutput>coreutils: /bin/date
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s coreutils</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[Package: coreutils
Essential: yes
Status: install ok installed
Priority: required
Section: utils
Installed-Size: 18062
Maintainer: Michael Stone <mstone@debian.org>
Architecture: amd64
Multi-Arch: foreign
Version: 9.1-1
Pre-Depends: libacl1 (>= 2.2.23), libattr1 (>= 1:2.4.44), libc6 (>= 2.34), libgmp10 (>= 2:6.2.1+dfsg1), libselinux1 (>= 3.1~)
Description: GNU core utilities
This package contains the basic file, shell and text manipulation
utilities which are expected to exist on every operating system.
.
Specifically, this package includes:
arch base64 basename cat chcon chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp
csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr
factor false flock fmt fold groups head hostid id install join link ln
logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup nproc numfmt
od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink realpath rm
rmdir runcon sha*sum seq shred sleep sort split stat stty sum sync tac
tail tee test timeout touch tr true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand
uniq unlink users vdir wc who whoami yes
Homepage: http://gnu.org/software/coreutils]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -l 'b*'</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-==========================-==============-============-===================
un backuppc <none> <none> (no description available)
un balsa <none> <none> (no description available)
ii baobab 43.0-1 amd64 GNOME disk usage analyzer
un base <none> <none> (no description available)
un base-config <none> <none> (no description available)
ii base-files 12.4+deb12u5 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous files
ii base-passwd 3.6.1 amd64 Debian base system master password and group files
ii bash 5.2.15-2+b2 amd64 GNU Bourne Again SHell
ii bash-completion 1:2.11-6 all programmable completion for the bash shell
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_5.2.15-2+b2_amd64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1265648 2023-04-23 17:23 ./bin/bash
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1994 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/bash.bashrc
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/skel/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 220 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/skel/.bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- root/root 3526 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/skel/.bashrc
-rw-r--r-- root/root 807 2023-04-23 17:23 ./etc/skel/.profile
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 6865 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/bin/bashbug
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 14488 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/bin/clear_console
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/debianutils/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/debianutils/shells.d/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 21 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/debianutils/shells.d/bash
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2023-04-23 17:23 ./usr/share/doc/
[..]]]>
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I /var/cache/apt/archives/bash_5.2.15-2+b2_amd64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput><![CDATA[ new Debian package, version 2.0.
size 1490660 bytes: control archive=2972 bytes.
77 bytes, 4 lines conffiles
1039 bytes, 27 lines control
4581 bytes, 65 lines md5sums
486 bytes, 24 lines * postinst #!/bin/bash
209 bytes, 5 lines * postrm #!/bin/sh
289 bytes, 22 lines * prerm #!/bin/bash
Package: bash
Source: bash (5.2.15-2)
Version: 5.2.15-2+b2
Architecture: amd64
Essential: yes
Maintainer: Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org>
Installed-Size: 7164
Pre-Depends: libc6 (>= 2.36), libtinfo6 (>= 6)
Depends: base-files (>= 2.1.12), debianutils (>= 5.6-0.1)
Recommends: bash-completion (>= 20060301-0)
Suggests: bash-doc
Conflicts: bash-completion (<< 20060301-0)
Replaces: bash-completion (<< 20060301-0), bash-doc (<= 2.05-1)
Section: shells
Priority: required
Multi-Arch: foreign
Homepage: http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html
Description: GNU Bourne Again SHell
Bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes
commands read from the standard input or from a file. Bash also
incorporates useful features from the Korn and C shells (ksh and csh).
.
Bash is ultimately intended to be a conformant implementation of the
IEEE POSIX Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2).
.
The Programmable Completion Code, by Ian Macdonald, is now found in
the bash-completion package.]]>
</computeroutput>

<computeroutput>$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -L base-passwd</userinput>
<computeroutput>/.
/usr
/usr/sbin
/usr/sbin/update-passwd
/usr/share
/usr/share/lintian
/usr/share/lintian/overrides
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/base-passwd
/usr/share/doc-base
/usr/share/doc-base/users-and-groups
/usr/share/base-passwd
/usr/share/base-passwd/group.master
/usr/share/base-passwd/passwd.master
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/pl
/usr/share/man/pl/man8
/usr/share/man/pl/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/ru
/usr/share/man/ru/man8
/usr/share/man/ru/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/ja
/usr/share/man/ja/man8
/usr/share/man/ja/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/fr
/usr/share/man/fr/man8
/usr/share/man/fr/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/es
/usr/share/man/es/man8
/usr/share/man/es/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/de
/usr/share/man/de/man8
/usr/share/man/de/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8
/usr/share/man/man8/update-passwd.8.gz
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.txt.gz
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/copyright
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/README
/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/users-and-groups.html
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -S /bin/date</userinput>
<computeroutput>coreutils: /bin/date
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -s coreutils</userinput>
<computeroutput>Package: coreutils
Essential: yes
Status: install ok installed
Priority: required
Section: utils
Installed-Size: 13855
Maintainer: Michael Stone &lt;mstone@debian.org&gt;
Architecture: amd64
Multi-Arch: foreign
Version: 8.23-3
Replaces: mktemp، realpath، timeout
Pre-Depends: libacl1 (&gt;= 2.2.51-8)، libattr1 (&gt;= 1:2.4.46-8)، libc6 (&gt;= 2.17)، libselinux1 (&gt;= 2.1.13)
Conflicts: timeout
Description: GNU core utilities
This package contains the basic file، shell and text manipulation
utilities which are expected to exist on every operating system.
.
Specifically، this package includes:
arch base64 basename cat chcon chgrp chmod chown chroot cksum comm cp
csplit cut date dd df dir dircolors dirname du echo env expand expr
factor false flock fmt fold groups head hostid id install join link ln
logname ls md5sum mkdir mkfifo mknod mktemp mv nice nl nohup nproc numfmt
od paste pathchk pinky pr printenv printf ptx pwd readlink realpath rm
rmdir runcon sha*sum seq shred sleep sort split stat stty sum sync tac
tail tee test timeout touch tr true truncate tsort tty uname unexpand
uniq unlink users vdir wc who whoami yes
Homepage: http://gnu.org/software/coreutils
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -l 'b*'</userinput>
<computeroutput>Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err؟=(none)/Reinst-required (Status،Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-=======================-================-================-====================================================
un backupninja &lt;none&gt; &lt;none&gt; (no description available)
ii backuppc 3.3.0-2 amd64 high-performance، enterprise-grade system for backin
un base &lt;none&gt; &lt;none&gt; (no description available)
un base-config &lt;none&gt; &lt;none&gt; (no description available)
ii base-files 8 amd64 Debian base system miscellaneous files
ii base-passwd 3.5.37 amd64 Debian base system master password and group files
[...]
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -c /var/cache/apt/archives/gnupg_1.4.18-6_amd64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput>drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-12-04 23:03 ./
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-12-04 23:03 ./lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-12-04 23:03 ./lib/udev/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-12-04 23:03 ./lib/udev/rules.d/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 2711 2014-12-04 23:03 ./lib/udev/rules.d/60-gnupg.rules
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/lib/
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/lib/gnupg/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 39328 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/lib/gnupg/gpgkeys_ldap
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 92872 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/lib/gnupg/gpgkeys_hkp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 47576 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/lib/gnupg/gpgkeys_finger
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 84648 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/lib/gnupg/gpgkeys_curl
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 3499 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/lib/gnupg/gpgkeys_mailto
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/bin/
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 60128 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/bin/gpgsplit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1012688 2014-12-04 23:03 ./usr/bin/gpg
[...]
$ </computeroutput><userinput>dpkg -I /var/cache/apt/archives/gnupg_1.4.18-6_amd64.deb</userinput>
<computeroutput> new debian package، version 2.0.
size 1148362 bytes: control archive=3422 bytes.
1264 bytes، 26 lines control
4521 bytes، 65 lines md5sums
479 bytes، 13 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
473 bytes، 13 lines * preinst #!/bin/sh
Package: gnupg
Version: 1.4.18-6
Architecture: amd64
Maintainer: Debian GnuPG-Maintainers &lt;pkg-gnupg-maint@lists.alioth.debian.org&gt;
Installed-Size: 4888
Depends: gpgv، libbz2-1.0، libc6 (&gt;= 2.15)، libreadline6 (&gt;= 6.0)، libusb-0.1-4 (&gt;= 2:0.1.12)، zlib1g (&gt;= 1:1.1.4)
Recommends: gnupg-curl، libldap-2.4-2 (&gt;= 2.4.7)
Suggests: gnupg-doc، libpcsclite1، parcimonie، xloadimage | imagemagick | eog
Section: utils
Priority: important
Multi-Arch: foreign
Homepage: http://www.gnupg.org
Description: GNU privacy guard - a free PGP replacement
GnuPG is GNU's tool for secure communication and data storage.
It can be used to encrypt data and to create digital signatures.
It includes an advanced key management facility and is compliant
with the proposed OpenPGP Internet standard as described in RFC 4880.
[...]</computeroutput>